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From page 424... ... , 338-339 ART, see Respiratory illness, acute Assumptions, reasons for, 30 Availability, vaccine, 77-78 B Bacteremia, pneumococcal, see Streptococcus pneumonias Benefit-cost analysis, 26 Benefits health, see Health benefit hypothetical, 38 C Carcinoma, primary hepatocellular (PHC) , 211, 213, 214 Central analysis, 122 results of, 122-138 Cholera, see Vibrio cholerae Cirrhosis, 213, 215 Clinical trial difficulty, 68, 70 Committee members, biographical notes on, 413-417 Comprehensive analytic strategy, summary of, 36-37 Contents of supplement to Volume 2, 420 to Volume 1, 423 Cost calculations, 11-13 procedures for, 33-35 Cost components, 12 Cost-effectiveness analysis, 3, 24-26 application of, 25 Cost-effectiveness ratio, 25 Cost-utility analysis, 24-25 Cost-utility ratio, 25 Costs amortized, of vaccine development, 34 annual, 94, 96-99 comparison of, 57-58 development, 64, 66, 73 estimating aggregate direct, 58 indirect, 58 424 net opportunity, of resources, 123 Countries, developing, 44-46 D Days of hospitalization, 108 Decision analysis with multiple objectives, 22, 24, 27 limitations of, 59-61 overview of, 30-43 Decision-making process, 1-3 Delivery requirements, 69, 71, 74 Dengue virus annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 87 as candidate, 5 disease burden, 172, disease description, disease distribution, health benefits and expenditures associated with, 124 host immune response, 171 pathogen description, 171 prediction tables, 64-65, 68-69 probable vaccine target population, 172, 174 prospects for immunizing against, 170-176 prospects for vaccine development, 175-176 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 128-129 suitability for vaccine control, 174 times associated with, 91 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 174 173 170-171 172 Read the entire page →
From page 425... ... cost per, 65, 67, 74 number of, 65, 67, 74 Drug resistance, 114 Dysentery, see Shigella spp. E Ectopic pregnancy, 56 Effectiveness, 25 Efficacy, 35, 65, 67, 73-74 Efficacy score, 24 Encephalitis see Japanese encephalitis virus Endemic meningococcal meningitis, 257-259 Enterotoxigenic Escherichia cold annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 87 as candidate, 5 disease burden, 163, 179-182 disease description, 178 disease distribution, 179, 182 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 124 host iIIunune response, 179 pathogen description, 178-179 prediction tables, 64-65, 68-69 probable vaccine target population, 182-183 prospects for ilTununizing against, 178-185 prospects for vaccine development, 184-185 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 128-129 suitability for vaccine control, 183-184 times associated with, 91 Read the entire page →
From page 426... ... , see Streptococcus A H Haemophilus influenzas type b annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 87 as candidate, 5 disease burden, 149-158, 188-191 disease description, 186-187 disease distribution, 188-190 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 124 host immune response, 187-188 pathogen description, 187 prediction tables, 64-65, 68-69 probable vaccine target population, 190-192 prospects for immunizing against, 186-194 prospects for vaccine development, 192-194 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 128-129 suitability for vaccine control, 192 times associated with, 91 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 190, 192 HAV see Hepatitis A virus r HEM (health belief model) , 78 fIBV see Hepatitis B virus r _ Health belief model (HBM) Read the entire page →
From page 427... ... annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 87 as candidate, 5 disease burden, 227-230 disease description, 223-224 disease distribution, 226-230 formalin-inactivated cell culture vaccine, 233 formalin-inactivated mouse brain vaccine, 233 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 124 host immune response, 225 live attenuated vaccine, 234 pathogen description, 224 prediction tables, 64-65, 68-69 probable vaccine target population, 227, 231 prospects for immunizing against, 223-236 prospects for vaccine development, 232-236 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 128-129 suitability for vaccine control, 232 times associated with, 91 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 231-232 JE, see Japanese encephalitis virus L Labile vaccines, 112 Leprosy, see Mycobacterium leprae Lexicographic methods, 27 Licensure estimation of time to, 10-11 time to, 65, 67, 73, 73, 86 Live attenuated vaccines, 383-384 M M protein, 340 chemically synthesized fragments, 350-352 structure of, 349-350 Malaria see Plasmodium spp. , _ _ Mandatory immunization requirements, 78 Measles vaccine, 112 Meningitis, see also Neisseria meningitidis meningococcal, see Meningococcal meningitis pneumococcal, see Streptococcus ~neumoniae Meningococcal meningitis endemic, 257-259 epidemic, 256-259 Morbidity burdens, 44 elements of system for comparing, 46-54 expression of, 48-49 possible reduction in, 83-84 resulting from diseases, 59 value judgments in quantifying, 54-57 Morbidity categories, 8, 47, 48, 49, 409 Morbidity-mortality trade-offs across age groups, 407-408 age-related, 410, 411 questionnaire for assessing, 403-411 Mortality burdens, 44 elements of system for comparing, 46-54 expression of, 48-49 possible reduction in, 83-84 resulting from diseases, 59 value judgments in quantifying, 54-57 Mortality-morbidity trade-offs, see Morbidity-mortality trade-offs Mortality rate, infant, 45 Multiattribute accounting, 20-22 Multiattribute scoring, 22, 23 MULTIPLAN program, 412 Mycobacterium leprae annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 87 as candidate, 5 disease burden, 242-244 disease description, 241 disease distribution, 242-244 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 125 host immune response, 242 pathogen description, 241-242 prediction tables, 64-65, 68-69 probable vaccine target population, 245 prospects for immunizing against, 241-249 prospects for vaccine development, 246-249 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 128-129 suitability for vaccine control, 245-246 times associated with, 92 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 245 N National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Read the entire page →
From page 428... ... annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 88 as candidate, 5 disease burden, 149-158, 268-270 disease description, 267 disease distribution, 268-269 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 125 host immune response, 268 pathogen description, 267-268 prediction tables, 64-65, 68-69 probable vaccine target population, 269, 271 prospects for immunizing against, 267-273 prospects for vaccine development, 271-273 relationships between expenditures and health benefits! 128-129 suitability for vaccine control, 271 times associated with, 92 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 269, 271 Parental behavior, 107 Pathogen description dengue virus, 171 enterotoxigenic Escherichia colt, 178-179 Haemophilus influenzas type b, 187 hepatitis A virus, 198 hepatitis B virus, 209 Japanese encephalitis virus, 224 Mycobacterium leprae, 241-242 Neisseria meningitidis, 253-254 Parainfluenza viruses, 267-268 Plasmodium spp. Read the entire page →
From page 429... ... deaths due to, 151 disease burden from, 149-158 estimated mortality of, 150 population distribution and, 150 relative case frequencies, 153 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 88 as candidate, 6 disease burden, 149-158, 301, 302 disease description, 299 disease distribution, 300-301 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 125 host immune response, 300 pathogen description, 299-300 prediction tables, 66-67, 70-71 probable vaccine target population, 301, 303 prospects for immunizing against, 299-305 prospects for vaccine development, 303-305 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 130-131 suitability for vaccine control, 303 times associated with, 93 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 303 RHO (rheumatic heart disease) Read the entire page →
From page 430... ... 430 disease description, 308-309 disease distribution, 310-311 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 126 host immune response, 310 pathogen description, 309 prediction tables, 66-67, 70-71 probable vaccine target population, 311, 314 prospects for immunizing against, 308-316 prospects for vaccine development, 314-316 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 130-131 suitability for vaccine control, 314 times associated with, 93 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 311, 314 Route of administration, 69, 71, 74 RSV, see Respiratory syncytial Vi rus S Salmonella typhi annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 89 as candidate, 6 disease burden, 321-324 disease description, 319 disease distribution, 320-321 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 126 host immune response, 320 pathogen description, 320 prediction tables, 66-67, 70-71 probable vaccine target population, 321, 325 prospects for immunizing against, 319-327 prospects for vaccine development, 325-327 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 130-131 suitability for vaccine control, 325 times associated with, 93 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 321, 325 Scientific research, basic, 31 Scoring, multiattribute, Multiattribute scoring Selection criteria, 13 Sensitivity analyses, 2, 3 141 discount rate effect on expenditure, 137 discount rate effect on IME, 136 Sequential screening methods, 27 Severity, levels of, 46 Shiqella spp. annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 89 as candidate, 6 disease burden, 165, 331-333 disease description, 329-330 disease distribution, 331-333 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 126 host immune response, 331 pathogen description, 330 prediction tables, 66-67, 70-71 probable vaccine target population, 333 prospects for immunizing against, 329-336 prospects for vaccine development, 335-336 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 130-131 suitability for vaccine control, 334 times associated with, 93 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 333 Side effects, _ Adverse reactions Streptococcus A annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 89 as candidate, 6 disease burden, 342-345, 346 disease description, 338-339 disease distribution, 342-345 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 126 host immune response, 341-342 pathogen description, 340-341 prediction tables, 66-67, 70-71 probable vaccine target population, 345, 347 prospects for immunizing against, 338-352 prospects for vaccine development, 348-352 , 4, relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 130-131 suitability for vaccine control, 347-348 times associated with, 93 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 345, 347 Streptococcus pneumonias annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 89 as candidate, 6 disease burden, 149-158, 359-370 disease burden table, 158 disease description, 357-358 disease distribution, 359-370 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 126 host immune response, 358-359 pathogen description, 358 prediction tables, 66-67, 70-71 probable vaccine target population, 370-372 prospects for immunizing against, 357-374 prospects for vaccine development, 373-374 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 130-131 suitability for vaccine control, 372-373 times associated with, 93 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 371-372 Streptococcus pneumonias vaccine, 140 Subscores, 22 Suitability for vaccine control dengue virus, 174 enterotoxigenic Escherichia colt, 183-184 Haemophilus influenzas type b, 192 hepatitis A virus, 204-205 hepatitis B virus, 217 Japanese encephalitis virus, 232 Mycobacterium leprae, 245-246 Neisseria meningitidis, 262 parainfluenza viruses, 271 Plasmodium spp., 281, 283 rabies virus, 295-296 respiratory syncytial virus, 303 rotavirus, 314 Salmonella typhi 325 r Shigella spp. Read the entire page →
From page 431... ... colt, 182-183 estimation of, 11 Haemophilus influenzas type b, 190, 192 hepatitis A virus, 204 hepatitis B virus, 217 Japanese encephalitis virus, 231-232 Mycobacterium leprae 245 Neisseria meningitidis, 261 parainfluenza viruses, 269, 271 Plasmodium spp. 281 rabies virus, 294-295 respiratory syncytial virus, 303 rotavirus, 311, 314 Salmonella typhi, 321, 325 Shigella spp., 333 streptococcus A, 345, 347 Streptococcus pneumonias, 371-372 Vibrio cholerae, 382 yellow fever virus, 398-399 Vaccine preventable proportion, 82-83 Vaccine target population, probable, see Probable vaccine target population Vaccines accelerated, see Vaccine development, accelerated administration of, cost of, 32 adoption of, time to, 10-11 amortized cost of, 34 availability of, 77-78 benefits of, equity considerations in, 106-111 candidates for, see Vaccine candidates characteristics of, 9-13, 85 combination of, 28 development of, 1 hypothetical, rankings of, 40 incorporation into WHO-EPI, 69, 71 industry interest in, 112-113 interdependence of development efforts for, 111 labile, 112 live attenuated, 383-384 new, assessing likely utilization of, 76-80 portfolio approach for ranking, 110-111 predictions for, see Vaccine development predictions preventable illness, see Vaccine preventable illness priorities for, 3-4, 7, 422 prospects for, see Prospects for vaccine development rabies, 288-289 ranking, 13 recommendations for use of, 110 secondary impacts of, 32 side effects of, 34, 35 stage of development of, 110 synthetic, 386-387 target population, see Probable vaccine target population total time to steady-state use of, 91-93 types of, 64, 66, 68, 70 utilization of, see Utilization, vaccine Value judgments, 2 individual, see Trade-off values in quantifying morbidity and mortality, 54-57 Read the entire page →
From page 432... ... annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 89 as candidate, 6 disease burden, 392-397 disease description, 390-391 disease distribution, 392-397 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 126 host immune response, 391-392 pathogen description, 391 prediction tables, 66-67, 70-71 probable vaccine target population, 397-399 prospects for immunizing against, 390-401 prospects for vaccine development, 400-401 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 130-131 suitability for vaccine control, 399 times associated with, 93 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 398-399 YF see Yellow fever virus , Read the entire page →

From page 424...

... , 338-339 ART, see Respiratory illness, acute Assumptions, reasons for, 30 Availability, vaccine, 77-78 B Bacteremia, pneumococcal, see Streptococcus pneumonias Benefit-cost analysis, 26 Benefits health, see Health benefit hypothetical, 38 C Carcinoma, primary hepatocellular (PHC) , 211, 213, 214 Central analysis, 122 results of, 122-138 Cholera, see Vibrio cholerae Cirrhosis, 213, 215 Clinical trial difficulty, 68, 70 Committee members, biographical notes on, 413-417 Comprehensive analytic strategy, summary of, 36-37 Contents of supplement to Volume 2, 420 to Volume 1, 423 Cost calculations, 11-13 procedures for, 33-35 Cost components, 12 Cost-effectiveness analysis, 3, 24-26 application of, 25 Cost-effectiveness ratio, 25 Cost-utility analysis, 24-25 Cost-utility ratio, 25 Costs amortized, of vaccine development, 34 annual, 94, 96-99 comparison of, 57-58 development, 64, 66, 73 estimating aggregate direct, 58 indirect, 58 424 net opportunity, of resources, 123 Countries, developing, 44-46 D Days of hospitalization, 108 Decision analysis with multiple objectives, 22, 24, 27 limitations of, 59-61 overview of, 30-43 Decision-making process, 1-3 Delivery requirements, 69, 71, 74 Dengue virus annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 87 as candidate, 5 disease burden, 172, disease description, disease distribution, health benefits and expenditures associated with, 124 host immune response, 171 pathogen description, 171 prediction tables, 64-65, 68-69 probable vaccine target population, 172, 174 prospects for immunizing against, 170-176 prospects for vaccine development, 175-176 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 128-129 suitability for vaccine control, 174 times associated with, 91 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 174 173 170-171 172

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From page 425...

... cost per, 65, 67, 74 number of, 65, 67, 74 Drug resistance, 114 Dysentery, see Shigella spp. E Ectopic pregnancy, 56 Effectiveness, 25 Efficacy, 35, 65, 67, 73-74 Efficacy score, 24 Encephalitis see Japanese encephalitis virus Endemic meningococcal meningitis, 257-259 Enterotoxigenic Escherichia cold annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 87 as candidate, 5 disease burden, 163, 179-182 disease description, 178 disease distribution, 179, 182 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 124 host iIIunune response, 179 pathogen description, 178-179 prediction tables, 64-65, 68-69 probable vaccine target population, 182-183 prospects for ilTununizing against, 178-185 prospects for vaccine development, 184-185 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 128-129 suitability for vaccine control, 183-184 times associated with, 91

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From page 426...

... , see Streptococcus A H Haemophilus influenzas type b annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 87 as candidate, 5 disease burden, 149-158, 188-191 disease description, 186-187 disease distribution, 188-190 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 124 host immune response, 187-188 pathogen description, 187 prediction tables, 64-65, 68-69 probable vaccine target population, 190-192 prospects for immunizing against, 186-194 prospects for vaccine development, 192-194 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 128-129 suitability for vaccine control, 192 times associated with, 91 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 190, 192 HAV see Hepatitis A virus r HEM (health belief model) , 78 fIBV see Hepatitis B virus r _ Health belief model (HBM)

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From page 427...

... annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 87 as candidate, 5 disease burden, 227-230 disease description, 223-224 disease distribution, 226-230 formalin-inactivated cell culture vaccine, 233 formalin-inactivated mouse brain vaccine, 233 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 124 host immune response, 225 live attenuated vaccine, 234 pathogen description, 224 prediction tables, 64-65, 68-69 probable vaccine target population, 227, 231 prospects for immunizing against, 223-236 prospects for vaccine development, 232-236 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 128-129 suitability for vaccine control, 232 times associated with, 91 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 231-232 JE, see Japanese encephalitis virus L Labile vaccines, 112 Leprosy, see Mycobacterium leprae Lexicographic methods, 27 Licensure estimation of time to, 10-11 time to, 65, 67, 73, 73, 86 Live attenuated vaccines, 383-384 M M protein, 340 chemically synthesized fragments, 350-352 structure of, 349-350 Malaria see Plasmodium spp. , _ _ Mandatory immunization requirements, 78 Measles vaccine, 112 Meningitis, see also Neisseria meningitidis meningococcal, see Meningococcal meningitis pneumococcal, see Streptococcus ~neumoniae Meningococcal meningitis endemic, 257-259 epidemic, 256-259 Morbidity burdens, 44 elements of system for comparing, 46-54 expression of, 48-49 possible reduction in, 83-84 resulting from diseases, 59 value judgments in quantifying, 54-57 Morbidity categories, 8, 47, 48, 49, 409 Morbidity-mortality trade-offs across age groups, 407-408 age-related, 410, 411 questionnaire for assessing, 403-411 Mortality burdens, 44 elements of system for comparing, 46-54 expression of, 48-49 possible reduction in, 83-84 resulting from diseases, 59 value judgments in quantifying, 54-57 Mortality-morbidity trade-offs, see Morbidity-mortality trade-offs Mortality rate, infant, 45 Multiattribute accounting, 20-22 Multiattribute scoring, 22, 23 MULTIPLAN program, 412 Mycobacterium leprae annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 87 as candidate, 5 disease burden, 242-244 disease description, 241 disease distribution, 242-244 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 125 host immune response, 242 pathogen description, 241-242 prediction tables, 64-65, 68-69 probable vaccine target population, 245 prospects for immunizing against, 241-249 prospects for vaccine development, 246-249 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 128-129 suitability for vaccine control, 245-246 times associated with, 92 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 245 N National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

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From page 428...

... annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 88 as candidate, 5 disease burden, 149-158, 268-270 disease description, 267 disease distribution, 268-269 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 125 host immune response, 268 pathogen description, 267-268 prediction tables, 64-65, 68-69 probable vaccine target population, 269, 271 prospects for immunizing against, 267-273 prospects for vaccine development, 271-273 relationships between expenditures and health benefits! 128-129 suitability for vaccine control, 271 times associated with, 92 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 269, 271 Parental behavior, 107 Pathogen description dengue virus, 171 enterotoxigenic Escherichia colt, 178-179 Haemophilus influenzas type b, 187 hepatitis A virus, 198 hepatitis B virus, 209 Japanese encephalitis virus, 224 Mycobacterium leprae, 241-242 Neisseria meningitidis, 253-254 Parainfluenza viruses, 267-268 Plasmodium spp.

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From page 429...

... deaths due to, 151 disease burden from, 149-158 estimated mortality of, 150 population distribution and, 150 relative case frequencies, 153 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 88 as candidate, 6 disease burden, 149-158, 301, 302 disease description, 299 disease distribution, 300-301 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 125 host immune response, 300 pathogen description, 299-300 prediction tables, 66-67, 70-71 probable vaccine target population, 301, 303 prospects for immunizing against, 299-305 prospects for vaccine development, 303-305 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 130-131 suitability for vaccine control, 303 times associated with, 93 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 303 RHO (rheumatic heart disease)

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From page 430...

... 430 disease description, 308-309 disease distribution, 310-311 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 126 host immune response, 310 pathogen description, 309 prediction tables, 66-67, 70-71 probable vaccine target population, 311, 314 prospects for immunizing against, 308-316 prospects for vaccine development, 314-316 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 130-131 suitability for vaccine control, 314 times associated with, 93 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 311, 314 Route of administration, 69, 71, 74 RSV, see Respiratory syncytial Vi rus S Salmonella typhi annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 89 as candidate, 6 disease burden, 321-324 disease description, 319 disease distribution, 320-321 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 126 host immune response, 320 pathogen description, 320 prediction tables, 66-67, 70-71 probable vaccine target population, 321, 325 prospects for immunizing against, 319-327 prospects for vaccine development, 325-327 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 130-131 suitability for vaccine control, 325 times associated with, 93 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 321, 325 Scientific research, basic, 31 Scoring, multiattribute, Multiattribute scoring Selection criteria, 13 Sensitivity analyses, 2, 3 141 discount rate effect on expenditure, 137 discount rate effect on IME, 136 Sequential screening methods, 27 Severity, levels of, 46 Shiqella spp. annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 89 as candidate, 6 disease burden, 165, 331-333 disease description, 329-330 disease distribution, 331-333 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 126 host immune response, 331 pathogen description, 330 prediction tables, 66-67, 70-71 probable vaccine target population, 333 prospects for immunizing against, 329-336 prospects for vaccine development, 335-336 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 130-131 suitability for vaccine control, 334 times associated with, 93 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 333 Side effects, _ Adverse reactions Streptococcus A annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 89 as candidate, 6 disease burden, 342-345, 346 disease description, 338-339 disease distribution, 342-345 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 126 host immune response, 341-342 pathogen description, 340-341 prediction tables, 66-67, 70-71 probable vaccine target population, 345, 347 prospects for immunizing against, 338-352 prospects for vaccine development, 348-352 , 4, relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 130-131 suitability for vaccine control, 347-348 times associated with, 93 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 345, 347 Streptococcus pneumonias annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 89 as candidate, 6 disease burden, 149-158, 359-370 disease burden table, 158 disease description, 357-358 disease distribution, 359-370 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 126 host immune response, 358-359 pathogen description, 358 prediction tables, 66-67, 70-71 probable vaccine target population, 370-372 prospects for immunizing against, 357-374 prospects for vaccine development, 373-374 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 130-131 suitability for vaccine control, 372-373 times associated with, 93 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 371-372 Streptococcus pneumonias vaccine, 140 Subscores, 22 Suitability for vaccine control dengue virus, 174 enterotoxigenic Escherichia colt, 183-184 Haemophilus influenzas type b, 192 hepatitis A virus, 204-205 hepatitis B virus, 217 Japanese encephalitis virus, 232 Mycobacterium leprae, 245-246 Neisseria meningitidis, 262 parainfluenza viruses, 271 Plasmodium spp., 281, 283 rabies virus, 295-296 respiratory syncytial virus, 303 rotavirus, 314 Salmonella typhi 325 r Shigella spp.

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From page 431...

... colt, 182-183 estimation of, 11 Haemophilus influenzas type b, 190, 192 hepatitis A virus, 204 hepatitis B virus, 217 Japanese encephalitis virus, 231-232 Mycobacterium leprae 245 Neisseria meningitidis, 261 parainfluenza viruses, 269, 271 Plasmodium spp. 281 rabies virus, 294-295 respiratory syncytial virus, 303 rotavirus, 311, 314 Salmonella typhi, 321, 325 Shigella spp., 333 streptococcus A, 345, 347 Streptococcus pneumonias, 371-372 Vibrio cholerae, 382 yellow fever virus, 398-399 Vaccine preventable proportion, 82-83 Vaccine target population, probable, see Probable vaccine target population Vaccines accelerated, see Vaccine development, accelerated administration of, cost of, 32 adoption of, time to, 10-11 amortized cost of, 34 availability of, 77-78 benefits of, equity considerations in, 106-111 candidates for, see Vaccine candidates characteristics of, 9-13, 85 combination of, 28 development of, 1 hypothetical, rankings of, 40 incorporation into WHO-EPI, 69, 71 industry interest in, 112-113 interdependence of development efforts for, 111 labile, 112 live attenuated, 383-384 new, assessing likely utilization of, 76-80 portfolio approach for ranking, 110-111 predictions for, see Vaccine development predictions preventable illness, see Vaccine preventable illness priorities for, 3-4, 7, 422 prospects for, see Prospects for vaccine development rabies, 288-289 ranking, 13 recommendations for use of, 110 secondary impacts of, 32 side effects of, 34, 35 stage of development of, 110 synthetic, 386-387 target population, see Probable vaccine target population total time to steady-state use of, 91-93 types of, 64, 66, 68, 70 utilization of, see Utilization, vaccine Value judgments, 2 individual, see Trade-off values in quantifying morbidity and mortality, 54-57

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From page 432...

... annual number of vaccinees and delay in benefits, 89 as candidate, 6 disease burden, 392-397 disease description, 390-391 disease distribution, 392-397 health benefits and expenditures associated with, 126 host immune response, 391-392 pathogen description, 391 prediction tables, 66-67, 70-71 probable vaccine target population, 397-399 prospects for immunizing against, 390-401 prospects for vaccine development, 400-401 relationships between expenditures and health benefits, 130-131 suitability for vaccine control, 399 times associated with, 93 total disease burden value, 59, 60 vaccine preventable illness, 398-399 YF see Yellow fever virus ,

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Index Pages 424-432

Index
Pages 424-432