Energy Planning, Management and Efficiency in Local Context Summary of an American-Bulgarian-Romanian Workshop (1994) / Chapter Skim
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MEETING PRESENTATIONS AND TOURS
MEETING PRESENTATIONS AND TOURS
Pages 5-38
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From page 5... ...
, which combined with the overall energy shortages, has resulted in a large proportion of power stations using this low-grade coal, an early commitment to nuclear power (two units of WER-440 were connected to the grid in 1974 and 1975) , and a strong dependency on imported energy (up to 80` of Bulgaria's primary energy resource is imported)
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From page 6... ...
and increase (to 38.5 million tons in 1997) in domestic coal production; gas and oil exploration in Bulgaria and on the Black Sea shelf; and creation of an environment that is conducive to the development of renewables; improvement of the energy supply production structure, including improvement of the reliability of the nuclear power plant at Kozloduy; upgrading a considerable part of the existing coal plants, as proposed by Bechtel Inc.; increasing the share of combined electricity and heat production; and gasification; 6
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A study on gasification of 14 towns (850,000 inhabitants) showed that gasification is 25-40` more energy efficient and needs 22\ less investment per building served than district heating.
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There are 20 separate district heating systems in Bulgaria serving 1.5 million people living in 710,000 buildings. A study on transforming 6 district heating systems into gas combined cycles with cogeneration shows a number of advantages: additional electric capacity of 700 MW with a low-level of investment ($400-600 per KW)
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From page 9... ...
Romania exported oil as recently as 1976, but it has imported oil since then because of decreased production and increased demand. There are considerable opportunities to increase natural gas recovery, and exploration contracts have been signed with Royal Dutch Shell and Arco.
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Remaining industrial plants should be retrofitted in order to increase efficiency. The Romanian Agency for Energy Conservation was established to promote national energy efficiency programs.
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The first two offices focus on the state and local levels. Major programs aimed at the local level include the State Energy Management Program, the Institutional Conservation Program, and the Weatherization Assistance Program.
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, the New York State Energy Resource and Development Authority (NYSERDA) , the New York Public Service Commission (NYPSC)
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Programs and Activities of the New York State Energy Office Brian Henderson, Division of Energy Services, New York Sta te Energy Offi ce Mr. Henderson described the programs and activities of the New York State Energy Office.
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Role of the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority in Achieving Energy Goals Gunnar Came t, Program Director, New York Sta te Energy Research and Deve ~ opmen t Au thori ty Mr. Walmet represented NYSERDA, which conducts applied energy research and development in New York.
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From page 15... ...
Air leakage tests are done using a blower door, a large fan that pressurizes the house to find leaks. Owners of rental units qualifying for the program are expected to contribute to the investments in efficiency improvements, because the value of their rental units is being increased.
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The New York Urban Coalition is a not-for-profit agency working with governments, businesses, and Consolidated Edison (Coned) , a major, investorowned electric utility serving New York City.
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Part of the training includes counseling for each of the youth to help them deal with personal difficulties. Funding for the program is provided by ConEd and the New York State Weatherization Assistance Program (NYWAP)
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Chairman Flynn also stressed the importance of educating the public about energy conservation and he discussed NYPA's efforts to teach elementary school children about energy and the environment. The High-Efficiency Lighting Program (HELP)
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Brooklyn Union Gas Queens, and Staten Island affiliates in the Brooklyn Union Gas (BUG) , incorporated in 1895, is a major investor-owned local distribution company selling natural gas to customers in New York City, specifically the boroughs of Brooklyn, .
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spoke about the efficiency programs BUG is implementing in cooperation with end users of natural gas, particularly the rebate programs offered by BUG to consumers for improved hot water heaters and gas furnaces. The rebate for efficient water heaters is around 20
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ConEd was ordered by the New York State Public Utility Commission to implement low-income weatherization. The organizations are decentralized in implementation and centrally organized for quality control, auditing standards, political purposes, and so forth.
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Cherry (see above) , reaching agreement with building owners on the scope and costs of retrofit measures is one of the most important assignments for these local organizations.
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The group next went to a three-story row house in the Bronx that recently had been weatherized. Bob Pollock (Weatherization Director, Banana Kelly Community Improvement Association)
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In addition to testing the equipment, this experimental project also serves as an interesting example of how one utility implemented a distributed utility concept. Finally, in response to a question about why NYSERDA chose Aquilar Gardens, a combination of technical and political considerations were cited.
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From page 25... ...
In New York State, utilities can recover $.014 per kilowatt for avoided environmental damage. To allay fears and political pressures from customers who worry about their rates increasing, NRDC has tried to educate the consumers to focus on their bills, which will decrease if they take advantage of the utilities' efficiency programs; NRDC also tells consumers that their rates would have gone up even more if new generating capacity had to be built.
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From page 26... ...
Polytechnic University maintains close cooperation with business and industry. For example, it does about $600,000 worth of business with Brooklyn Union Gas.
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The last presentation was on a new laboratory established to study industrial needs, including the need to improve energy efficiency and to limit environmental damage. The project was being funded with $250,000 from NSF, NYSERDA, BUG, ConEd, and the Long Island Lighting Company (LILCo)
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From page 28... ...
ConEd displayed posters, placards, computer instruction programs, and other training and educational materials it uses to promote its demand-side management programs. Orange and Rockland Utility Orange and Rockland Utility (O&R)
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As an example of the kinds of capability contained in the laboratory system/ Dr. White described the organization and the capabilities of the Pacific Northwest Laboratory.
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Both levels use the same "analytic engine." All major building end-uses are considered and all significant interactions between end-uses and energy conservation options are accounted for. FEDS estimates current building energy consumption for lighting, cooling, heating, ventilation, service hot water, and other equipment (plug loads)
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From page 31... ...
These 1991 numbers on U.S. building energy consumption can be broken down into the following end uses: space heating 33`, lighting 16`, water heating 15\, space cooling 12\, refrigeration 9\, cooking 6`, and other appliances and uses 9~.
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In the commercial sector, it will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 10.6 MMTCE, relative to projected levels in 2000, and will produce $8.6 billion in cumulative energy cost savings over the 1994-2000 period and $36.7 billion from 20002010. He concluded by saying that a broadly based policy for improving the efficiency of energy use as an alternative to largescale central power generation using fossil fuels will reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses, especially CO2, and improve economic efficiency.
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From page 33... ...
Natural gas consumption in the United States equaled approximately 20 trillion cubic feet (TCF) in 1993, with 90` accounted for by domestic production and the remainder chiefly from Canada.
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Oil research focuses on developing advanced recovery processes and demonstrating advantages of modern reservoir characterization and management methods for oil recovery. Gas research is directed to advanced drilling technology, the recovery of gas from low permeability reservoirs, and improving technology for using natural gas in electric power generation and other areas.
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Through the advisory panel at the state level and the boards of the local agencies, the state and local operations are made much more accountable and responsive to the needs of the community. When DOE was called upon to issue rules to implement recent changes in the weatherization statute, DOE staff conferred with state directors, members of national organizations such as NASCSP, and with national representatives of the local agencies before they published their proposed rules.
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From page 36... ...
the National Energy Modeling System, 4) confronting climate change, and 5)
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From page 37... ...
The presentation was based generally on the simulation model used for planning by the Northwest Power Planning Council. The model simulates resource expansion decisions in the face of an unknown future.
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