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From page 227... ... Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. accidents, nuclear, 4–5, 22, 136–37 accounting energy investments, 110–11, 116, 200 adaptability energy systems, 186–89, 195 advertising autos, 49, 74, 82, 86 energy audits, 91, 92 energy conservation and efficiency, 70–71, 121 energy information, 75, 76–80, 85 See also marketing, publicity air conditioning, 64, 83–84 building design, 38 building standards, 126 efficiency ratios, 86 energy savings, 45, 57–58 purchase by builders, 117 See also cooling allocation of energy, 151–53 in emergencies, 150–51, 156 gasoline, 144, 189 See also equity aluminum, 38, 154 American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 126 Amtrak, 44, 54 n. Read the entire page →
From page 228... ... 5 cellulose insulation, 43 Census Bureau, U.S., 44 centralization energy use, 108–9 See also decentralization certification programs, 86, 121, 129, 198 choice, 47–48, 69, 95–96 and energy views, 17, 18 limited, 48–52, 119–20, 124, 127 city government energy coordinator, 175 energy costs, 19 energy programs, 177 See also local energy action coal burning of, 22, 24 as a commodity, 15, 17 energy emergencies, 145 and energy invisibility, 35 strikes, 132, 135, 136–37 comfort, 127 commitment, 69–71, 95–96 commodity view of energy, 15–17, 152–53, 195 energy information, 76 local action, 169, 170 and other energy views, 20–21, 22, 23–29 communication, 57–58, 67–69, 184, 186, 199 energy audits, 5–6, 93, 96, 196 energy conservation, 195–96 energy emergencies, 146, 147, 149–50, 158–59, 185, 186, 201 government programs, 74–75, 80, 86, 176, 189 local energy action, 177, 179 recommendations about, 100–01, 195–99, 201 communities, 183 energy emergencies, 142–43 energy programs, 45, 97 See also local energy action community control philosophy, 171, 172 community development philosophy, 171, 172 conflict, social in energy emergencies, 3, 143–44, 201 local energy action, 171–72 conservation. See energy conservation construction industry energy efficiency, 118–19 energy standards, 126, 127–28 consumer, energy user as, 62–63 consumer goods and services monitoring, 199–200 production of, 122–23 consumer protection in energy programs, 99, 196–97 Read the entire page →
From page 229... ... Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. bills for use, 36 energy audit, 91–92 energy savings, 58 energy used, 87 invisibility, 37, 38, 119 local action, 162 rented space, 120 as a social necessity, 18 standards, 126–27 See also air conditioning corporations, energy control of energy, 47 information, 42 public control of, 27 views of energy, 25–26 costs of energy capital access, 51–52 energy audits, 89, 90, 93–94 energy invisibility, 36, 40, 87, 88 energy users response, 33–35, 55–56, 59–62 fuel adjustment, 123 government programs, 56, 99 intermediary purchasers, 118, 119 investments, 59–62 low-income households, 25, 28 organizational behavior, 107, 110–11, 112, 116 predicting, 40 producing goods, 123 rented space, 120–21 See also prices credibility energy audits, 93, 96–99 energy emergencies, 134, 137, 138, 148–50, 158 energy information, 43–46, 101, 183, 196, 198, 199, 201 local groups, 161, 176–77 decentralization, 194 emergencies, 141–143, 146, 147, 150, 151, 155–56, 182 information programs, 100 organizational energy use, 108–9 decisions, energy justification of, 69 local action, 169–73 organizations, 107–8, 109, 111–15 politics, 124–25 rationality, 2, 55–56, 59, 107, 109 See also uncertainty Defense, U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 230... ... , 11–12 n. 4, 17, 22 conservation programs, 43, 82, 163 environmental assessments, 23 organizational data, 106 energy audits, 5–6, 27, 58, 89–90 California, 5 consumer diversity, 42 credibility, 96–97, 98, 176–77 effectiveness, 90–91 information presentation, 92–96, 196, 197 New Jersey, 98 Princeton University, 94 program design, 97–98 Project Conserve, 74 publicizing, 91–92 recommendations about, 101, 196–97 response to, 5–6 Rhode Island, 97 Rochester, New York, 97 energy assistance, 28 energy conservation, 1–2, 23, 24, 25 adaptability, 187 advertising, 70–71 choices, 96 commitment and self-justification, 70–71, 95–96 credibility, 183 energy invisibility, 36–40 feedback, 87–88, 98 and freedom, 47–48 fuel economy standards, 50 government grants, 27–28 imitation, 66–67 information, 40–43, 74–89, 97, 100–01 interpersonal communication, 67 local action, 164–65 organizations, 107, 109,110–11, 115–17, 200 personal values and norms, 64, 71–73 as a philosophy, 171 product manufacture, 122–23 programs, 45, 57, 195–97 rented space, 120–22 residential, 27 utility rates, 123 See also energy audits, energy efficiency, energy policies, energy programs energy demand analysis, 32–35 energy efficiency, 58 advertising, 70–71 barriers to, 32–52 capital, 51–52, 126 certification, 121, 129, 198 and control of energy, 47, 48 emergency prevention, 140, 156, 187–88 engineers, designers, and architects, 125–26 equipment operators, 122 government programs, 56, 80 indices, 101, 197–98 intermediary purchasers, 118, 119–20 labels, 49, 74, 196 Read the entire page →
From page 231... ... Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. standard-setting organizations, 126–27 See also energy audits, energy conservation, energy policies, energy programs, fuel economy Energy Extension Services, 74 Energy Information Administration, 44 energy policies conservation, 197–200 distributive and redistributive, 171–73 emergencies, 132–34, 139, 140, 147, 150–58 intermediaries, 120–22, 127–29 oil shortages, 3 organizations, 108, 115–16, 117 rented space, 120–22 uncertainty, 183 See also energy policy, energy system, national, local energy policies energy policy, 9 adaptability, 186–89 analysis, 1–3 assumptions, 56 conflicting, 42–45 development, 190–93 emergencies, 151–59 energy system, 182–86 government roles, 75–80, 116–17, 150–55, 161, 165, 194–95 intermediaries, 127–29 organizations, 115–17 recommendations, 197–203 symbolic meanings of energy, 48 views of energy, 14, 21–29 See also energy policies, local energy policies energy production, 1–2, 8–9 disruptions, 132 government policies, 27, 33 local action, 165 organizations, 106, 124 energy programs conservation, 195–97 development, 190–93 information, 43, 73–89, 100–101 low-income households, 28 maintaining, 175–77 organizations, 106 trustworthiness, 45–46 See also energy audits, energy conservation, energy efficiency, local energy programs energy system, national, 165–67, 182–84 adaptability, 187–88, 189 energy technologies capital, 51–52 cost information, 41 diffusion of, 67–68, 114, 198–99 diversity of, 140 and energy costs, 33, 60, 107 engineering, 125–26 equipment operators, 122 intermediaries, 118–19, 122–24, 125–27, 129 local energy action, 162, 164–65, 168, 173, 199–200 organizations, 108, 109 social implications of, 9, 24 soft energy path, 171 See also energy efficiency energy use accounting, 87, 110–11, 116, 200 estimating, 37 individuals and households, 55–73 and intermediaries, 117–29 monitoring, 115–16, 200, See also feedback organizations, 106–117, 124, 200 personal values, 64, 72–73 political decisions, 124–25 predicting, 32–35 and society, 9 standard-setting organizations, 126–27 symbolic meanings of, 46–48 energy user, views of, 59–65 engineering, 111, 116, 125–26 Read the entire page →
From page 232... ... 3, 197 fuels, 35 purchase by builders, 117, 118 gasoline allocations, 144, 165 mileage information, 78, 79, 81 oil shortages, 3, 142, 146, 148, 189 rental car consumption, 118 savings device, 96 taxes, 47 visibility, 39–40 See also fuel economy geothermal projects, 163, 170 government, federal energy emergencies, 138, 150–59 energy roles, 74–80, 194, 195 as energy user, 116 support of local action, 164, 174, 178, 180 See also energy policies, energy policy government energy action emergencies, 133, 135, 148–49 energy information, 42, 43–44, 45, 73–80, 84–86, 199 and organizations, 107, 116 government control of energy, 27–28, 47, 194 heating bills for, 36 building standards, 126–27 comfort, 127 district, 173, 176 energy emergencies, 145 energy savings, 58, 120 invisibility, 35, 37–38, 119 local energy action, 162 low-income households, 28 purchase by intermediaries, 118, 119–20 as a social necessity, 18 See also energy use house doctor energy audit, 94, 196 households demographic shifts, 10, 50–51 energy audits, 89–91, 92, 93, 97 energy costs, 51 energy programs, 99 Read the entire page →
From page 233... ... hydroelectric power, 17, 135, 163 imitation , 184 energy use, 66–67 organizations, 114–115 indices. See energy efficiency information, energy, 184, 185 attention to, 84–87 Canada, 75–80 consumer diversity, 41–42, 100 consumer protection, 196–97 credibility, 45–46, 65, 101, 183, 196 emergencies, 148–50, 158–59, 201 energy audits, 5, 89–99, 197 energy bills, 36, 38 feedback as, 87–89, 100–01 framing of, 95 government roles, 74–80 interpersonal communication, 67–69 invisibility, 87–89, 100–01 organizations, 112–13, 114, 163 problems of, 40–45, 83–84 program effectiveness, 73–74, 80–83, 100–101 recommendations about, 100–01, 195–99, 201 social group membership, 66 social networks, 100, 101 uncertainty of, 40–41 See also communication institutionalization of local energy actions, 175–77 insulation, 43 advertisements, 76–77 energy savings, 37, 38–39, 58 government grants, 23, 27 See also energy efficiency insurance energy emergencies, 140 intermediaries, 48–49, 62, 117–29 engineers, designers, and architects, 125–26 lending institutions, 126 operators, 122 organizations, 122–24 policy, 127–29 public goods and services, 124–25 purchasers, 117–22 recommendations about, 199, 200 standard-setting organizations, 126–27 investments, capital consumer benefits, 63 energy efficiency, 38, 51–52, 58, 89, 109, 110, 116, 126, 200 energy technologies, 33 housing, 50 insurance, 140 prices and costs, 40 rented space, 119–20, 121–22 investor, energy user as, 39–62, 74 invisibility, energy, 35–40, 84, 85, 87–89, 100 rented space, 119 job training programs, 176 labor local energy actions, 173, 176 lighting, 18, 36, 37, 120, 126, 127 limited choice. Read the entire page →
From page 234... ... Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. San Luis, Colorado, 163 Rochester, New York, 97 Saint Paul, Minnesota, 47 Seattle City Light, 169 Susanville, California, 170 United Neighbors, 174 Westside Development Corporation, San Bernardino, California, 171 low-income househods emergencies, 152–54 energy audits, 91 energy costs, 22, 28 energy efficiency costs, 51 redistributive policies, 172 social necessity view, 19, 25 solar energy, 171 weatherization, 28, 170 managers city energy, 117 organization, 111, 112–13, 115 market system, 161, 195 energy as a commodity, 17, 20–21, 24 energy as an ecological resource, 18 energy as a social necessity, 19 energy disruptions, 132–33 energy emergencies, 142, 152–55 energy savings, 33 marketing, 41, 84–85 See also advertising, publicity media, mass energy audits, 91, 92 energy emergencies, 147, 148 energy ideas, 177 energy views, 25 government use of, 75, 85, 117 meters feedback, 87–89 in multifamily housing, 120 miles-per-gallon number, 86, 197 military energy emergency mobilization, 154 energy resources, 16, 20 strategic view of energy, 25, 26 mistrust. Read the entire page →
From page 235... ... See energy policy politics energy emergencies, 149, 152–53 energy programs, 85 local energy action, 167, 169–76 and views of energy, 25–26, 28–29 prediction nuclear accidents, 4 energy use, 32–33, 56 preparedness, energy emergency, 133, 135, 138–39, 146–47, 157–58, 185–86 adaptability, 186–87 credible communication, 149–50, 183 diversity, 141 federal role, 151–55, 200–01 linkages, 145 and local energy action, 162, 165 local concerns, 142–43, 188 recommendations about, 155–58, 200–02 prevention, energy emergency, 138–41, 142, 165 federal role, 151, 156 and local energy action, 165–66 mass media, 147 recommendations about, 156 prices, 187 decontrol, 20 energy shortages, 3, 132, 138, 144, 152, 154, 156 and energy users, 10, 33–35, 55–56 local action, 165 low-income households, 28, 30 n. 6 oil in 1970s, 21–22, 33 See also costs of energy problem avoidance, 64–65, 83 public goods and services, 124–25 publicity energy programs, 91–92, 97 See also advertising, marketing rail transportation emergencies, 136–37 energy efficiency, 44 rate of return, 60, 95 organization investments, 110 utility rate increases, 123 See also payback period rationality. Read the entire page →
From page 236... ... insurance, 140 intermediaries, 119 organization energy policy, 108, 111 roles for major institutions, 194–95 routines, organizational, 109–10, 116 rules, organizational, 109–11, 113, 116 scientific community energy policy and programs, 194–95 shortages, energy, 3–4, 46, 47, 132, 182 conservation measures, 48 See also emergencies, energy; oil embargo of 1973–74 slack, organizational, 108–9, 111, 187 social group membership energy information, 66, 67–69, 97, 177, 184 and energy consumption, 63–64 energy emergencies, 142, 143, 147 local energy action, 165 See also networks social influence, 66–69 social marketing, 84–85 social necessity view of energy, 16, 18–19, 169–70 conflict with other views, 20–21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28 energy programs and policies, 23–24, 76, 171 energy shortages, 132, 152–53, 154 society and energy, 9 energy emergencies, 133, 143, 147, 151 soft energy path, 171 solar energy, 23, 67, 171, 177 building code, 124 energy conservation, 39 heating, 83, 119, 174 solar technology, passive, 17, 39, 163, 174 standard-setting organizations, 49, 126–27, 128 state energy offices, 177 state governments energy emergencies, 155, 157 statistical services, 199 stockpiling fuel, 135, 144, 155 information, 201 strategic petroleum reserve, 25, 132, 145, 148, 156, 157, 159 n. 1 strategic view of energy, 16, 19–20, 26, 28 control of energy, 27 energy information, 76 energy shortages, 132, 154 and other energy views, 24–25 national security, 21–22 suburbanization, 124 symbolic meanings of energy, 46–48 tax credits, 27, 51, 167, 190, 192 taxes gasoline, 3, 47 organizational use of energy, 107, 115 windfall profits, 27 temperature building standards, 126–27 thermostats, 37, 48, 63, 67, 96 Three Mile Island, 4–5 trade and professional associations, 115, 116, 177, 196, 199 transportation, 55 costs of, 51 energy demand, 50–51 energy efficiency, 44 energy emergencies, 134–35, 137, 140, 142, 144 energy invisibility, 39 energy savings, 127 public transit, 44, 124 purchases by intermediaries, 118 as a social necessity, 18 suburbanization, 124 trustworthiness. Read the entire page →
From page 237... ... Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. Bradley Plan, 98 certification programs, 86, 121, 198 conservation programs, 85, 195–96 emergencies, 5, 145 energy audits, 5, 90–91, 92, 97 energy efficiency loans, 51 energy information, 42 local action, 169, 177 public control of, 27 rates, 123, 172 recommendations, concerning, 195–98 See also bills, utility trustworthiness, 45–46 values and norms and energy use, 64, 71–73, 184 views of energy, 14–29 of energy users, 59–65, 107–08 visibility. Read the entire page →

From page 227...

... Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. accidents, nuclear, 4–5, 22, 136–37 accounting energy investments, 110–11, 116, 200 adaptability energy systems, 186–89, 195 advertising autos, 49, 74, 82, 86 energy audits, 91, 92 energy conservation and efficiency, 70–71, 121 energy information, 75, 76–80, 85 See also marketing, publicity air conditioning, 64, 83–84 building design, 38 building standards, 126 efficiency ratios, 86 energy savings, 45, 57–58 purchase by builders, 117 See also cooling allocation of energy, 151–53 in emergencies, 150–51, 156 gasoline, 144, 189 See also equity aluminum, 38, 154 American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 126 Amtrak, 44, 54 n.

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From page 228...

... 5 cellulose insulation, 43 Census Bureau, U.S., 44 centralization energy use, 108–9 See also decentralization certification programs, 86, 121, 129, 198 choice, 47–48, 69, 95–96 and energy views, 17, 18 limited, 48–52, 119–20, 124, 127 city government energy coordinator, 175 energy costs, 19 energy programs, 177 See also local energy action coal burning of, 22, 24 as a commodity, 15, 17 energy emergencies, 145 and energy invisibility, 35 strikes, 132, 135, 136–37 comfort, 127 commitment, 69–71, 95–96 commodity view of energy, 15–17, 152–53, 195 energy information, 76 local action, 169, 170 and other energy views, 20–21, 22, 23–29 communication, 57–58, 67–69, 184, 186, 199 energy audits, 5–6, 93, 96, 196 energy conservation, 195–96 energy emergencies, 146, 147, 149–50, 158–59, 185, 186, 201 government programs, 74–75, 80, 86, 176, 189 local energy action, 177, 179 recommendations about, 100–01, 195–99, 201 communities, 183 energy emergencies, 142–43 energy programs, 45, 97 See also local energy action community control philosophy, 171, 172 community development philosophy, 171, 172 conflict, social in energy emergencies, 3, 143–44, 201 local energy action, 171–72 conservation. See energy conservation construction industry energy efficiency, 118–19 energy standards, 126, 127–28 consumer, energy user as, 62–63 consumer goods and services monitoring, 199–200 production of, 122–23 consumer protection in energy programs, 99, 196–97

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From page 229...

... Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. bills for use, 36 energy audit, 91–92 energy savings, 58 energy used, 87 invisibility, 37, 38, 119 local action, 162 rented space, 120 as a social necessity, 18 standards, 126–27 See also air conditioning corporations, energy control of energy, 47 information, 42 public control of, 27 views of energy, 25–26 costs of energy capital access, 51–52 energy audits, 89, 90, 93–94 energy invisibility, 36, 40, 87, 88 energy users response, 33–35, 55–56, 59–62 fuel adjustment, 123 government programs, 56, 99 intermediary purchasers, 118, 119 investments, 59–62 low-income households, 25, 28 organizational behavior, 107, 110–11, 112, 116 predicting, 40 producing goods, 123 rented space, 120–21 See also prices credibility energy audits, 93, 96–99 energy emergencies, 134, 137, 138, 148–50, 158 energy information, 43–46, 101, 183, 196, 198, 199, 201 local groups, 161, 176–77 decentralization, 194 emergencies, 141–143, 146, 147, 150, 151, 155–56, 182 information programs, 100 organizational energy use, 108–9 decisions, energy justification of, 69 local action, 169–73 organizations, 107–8, 109, 111–15 politics, 124–25 rationality, 2, 55–56, 59, 107, 109 See also uncertainty Defense, U.S.

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From page 230...

... , 11–12 n. 4, 17, 22 conservation programs, 43, 82, 163 environmental assessments, 23 organizational data, 106 energy audits, 5–6, 27, 58, 89–90 California, 5 consumer diversity, 42 credibility, 96–97, 98, 176–77 effectiveness, 90–91 information presentation, 92–96, 196, 197 New Jersey, 98 Princeton University, 94 program design, 97–98 Project Conserve, 74 publicizing, 91–92 recommendations about, 101, 196–97 response to, 5–6 Rhode Island, 97 Rochester, New York, 97 energy assistance, 28 energy conservation, 1–2, 23, 24, 25 adaptability, 187 advertising, 70–71 choices, 96 commitment and self-justification, 70–71, 95–96 credibility, 183 energy invisibility, 36–40 feedback, 87–88, 98 and freedom, 47–48 fuel economy standards, 50 government grants, 27–28 imitation, 66–67 information, 40–43, 74–89, 97, 100–01 interpersonal communication, 67 local action, 164–65 organizations, 107, 109,110–11, 115–17, 200 personal values and norms, 64, 71–73 as a philosophy, 171 product manufacture, 122–23 programs, 45, 57, 195–97 rented space, 120–22 residential, 27 utility rates, 123 See also energy audits, energy efficiency, energy policies, energy programs energy demand analysis, 32–35 energy efficiency, 58 advertising, 70–71 barriers to, 32–52 capital, 51–52, 126 certification, 121, 129, 198 and control of energy, 47, 48 emergency prevention, 140, 156, 187–88 engineers, designers, and architects, 125–26 equipment operators, 122 government programs, 56, 80 indices, 101, 197–98 intermediary purchasers, 118, 119–20 labels, 49, 74, 196

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From page 231...

... Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. standard-setting organizations, 126–27 See also energy audits, energy conservation, energy policies, energy programs, fuel economy Energy Extension Services, 74 Energy Information Administration, 44 energy policies conservation, 197–200 distributive and redistributive, 171–73 emergencies, 132–34, 139, 140, 147, 150–58 intermediaries, 120–22, 127–29 oil shortages, 3 organizations, 108, 115–16, 117 rented space, 120–22 uncertainty, 183 See also energy policy, energy system, national, local energy policies energy policy, 9 adaptability, 186–89 analysis, 1–3 assumptions, 56 conflicting, 42–45 development, 190–93 emergencies, 151–59 energy system, 182–86 government roles, 75–80, 116–17, 150–55, 161, 165, 194–95 intermediaries, 127–29 organizations, 115–17 recommendations, 197–203 symbolic meanings of energy, 48 views of energy, 14, 21–29 See also energy policies, local energy policies energy production, 1–2, 8–9 disruptions, 132 government policies, 27, 33 local action, 165 organizations, 106, 124 energy programs conservation, 195–97 development, 190–93 information, 43, 73–89, 100–101 low-income households, 28 maintaining, 175–77 organizations, 106 trustworthiness, 45–46 See also energy audits, energy conservation, energy efficiency, local energy programs energy system, national, 165–67, 182–84 adaptability, 187–88, 189 energy technologies capital, 51–52 cost information, 41 diffusion of, 67–68, 114, 198–99 diversity of, 140 and energy costs, 33, 60, 107 engineering, 125–26 equipment operators, 122 intermediaries, 118–19, 122–24, 125–27, 129 local energy action, 162, 164–65, 168, 173, 199–200 organizations, 108, 109 social implications of, 9, 24 soft energy path, 171 See also energy efficiency energy use accounting, 87, 110–11, 116, 200 estimating, 37 individuals and households, 55–73 and intermediaries, 117–29 monitoring, 115–16, 200, See also feedback organizations, 106–117, 124, 200 personal values, 64, 72–73 political decisions, 124–25 predicting, 32–35 and society, 9 standard-setting organizations, 126–27 symbolic meanings of, 46–48 energy user, views of, 59–65 engineering, 111, 116, 125–26

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From page 232...

... 3, 197 fuels, 35 purchase by builders, 117, 118 gasoline allocations, 144, 165 mileage information, 78, 79, 81 oil shortages, 3, 142, 146, 148, 189 rental car consumption, 118 savings device, 96 taxes, 47 visibility, 39–40 See also fuel economy geothermal projects, 163, 170 government, federal energy emergencies, 138, 150–59 energy roles, 74–80, 194, 195 as energy user, 116 support of local action, 164, 174, 178, 180 See also energy policies, energy policy government energy action emergencies, 133, 135, 148–49 energy information, 42, 43–44, 45, 73–80, 84–86, 199 and organizations, 107, 116 government control of energy, 27–28, 47, 194 heating bills for, 36 building standards, 126–27 comfort, 127 district, 173, 176 energy emergencies, 145 energy savings, 58, 120 invisibility, 35, 37–38, 119 local energy action, 162 low-income households, 28 purchase by intermediaries, 118, 119–20 as a social necessity, 18 See also energy use house doctor energy audit, 94, 196 households demographic shifts, 10, 50–51 energy audits, 89–91, 92, 93, 97 energy costs, 51 energy programs, 99

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From page 233...

... hydroelectric power, 17, 135, 163 imitation , 184 energy use, 66–67 organizations, 114–115 indices. See energy efficiency information, energy, 184, 185 attention to, 84–87 Canada, 75–80 consumer diversity, 41–42, 100 consumer protection, 196–97 credibility, 45–46, 65, 101, 183, 196 emergencies, 148–50, 158–59, 201 energy audits, 5, 89–99, 197 energy bills, 36, 38 feedback as, 87–89, 100–01 framing of, 95 government roles, 74–80 interpersonal communication, 67–69 invisibility, 87–89, 100–01 organizations, 112–13, 114, 163 problems of, 40–45, 83–84 program effectiveness, 73–74, 80–83, 100–101 recommendations about, 100–01, 195–99, 201 social group membership, 66 social networks, 100, 101 uncertainty of, 40–41 See also communication institutionalization of local energy actions, 175–77 insulation, 43 advertisements, 76–77 energy savings, 37, 38–39, 58 government grants, 23, 27 See also energy efficiency insurance energy emergencies, 140 intermediaries, 48–49, 62, 117–29 engineers, designers, and architects, 125–26 lending institutions, 126 operators, 122 organizations, 122–24 policy, 127–29 public goods and services, 124–25 purchasers, 117–22 recommendations about, 199, 200 standard-setting organizations, 126–27 investments, capital consumer benefits, 63 energy efficiency, 38, 51–52, 58, 89, 109, 110, 116, 126, 200 energy technologies, 33 housing, 50 insurance, 140 prices and costs, 40 rented space, 119–20, 121–22 investor, energy user as, 39–62, 74 invisibility, energy, 35–40, 84, 85, 87–89, 100 rented space, 119 job training programs, 176 labor local energy actions, 173, 176 lighting, 18, 36, 37, 120, 126, 127 limited choice.

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From page 234...

... Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. San Luis, Colorado, 163 Rochester, New York, 97 Saint Paul, Minnesota, 47 Seattle City Light, 169 Susanville, California, 170 United Neighbors, 174 Westside Development Corporation, San Bernardino, California, 171 low-income househods emergencies, 152–54 energy audits, 91 energy costs, 22, 28 energy efficiency costs, 51 redistributive policies, 172 social necessity view, 19, 25 solar energy, 171 weatherization, 28, 170 managers city energy, 117 organization, 111, 112–13, 115 market system, 161, 195 energy as a commodity, 17, 20–21, 24 energy as an ecological resource, 18 energy as a social necessity, 19 energy disruptions, 132–33 energy emergencies, 142, 152–55 energy savings, 33 marketing, 41, 84–85 See also advertising, publicity media, mass energy audits, 91, 92 energy emergencies, 147, 148 energy ideas, 177 energy views, 25 government use of, 75, 85, 117 meters feedback, 87–89 in multifamily housing, 120 miles-per-gallon number, 86, 197 military energy emergency mobilization, 154 energy resources, 16, 20 strategic view of energy, 25, 26 mistrust.

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From page 235...

... See energy policy politics energy emergencies, 149, 152–53 energy programs, 85 local energy action, 167, 169–76 and views of energy, 25–26, 28–29 prediction nuclear accidents, 4 energy use, 32–33, 56 preparedness, energy emergency, 133, 135, 138–39, 146–47, 157–58, 185–86 adaptability, 186–87 credible communication, 149–50, 183 diversity, 141 federal role, 151–55, 200–01 linkages, 145 and local energy action, 162, 165 local concerns, 142–43, 188 recommendations about, 155–58, 200–02 prevention, energy emergency, 138–41, 142, 165 federal role, 151, 156 and local energy action, 165–66 mass media, 147 recommendations about, 156 prices, 187 decontrol, 20 energy shortages, 3, 132, 138, 144, 152, 154, 156 and energy users, 10, 33–35, 55–56 local action, 165 low-income households, 28, 30 n. 6 oil in 1970s, 21–22, 33 See also costs of energy problem avoidance, 64–65, 83 public goods and services, 124–25 publicity energy programs, 91–92, 97 See also advertising, marketing rail transportation emergencies, 136–37 energy efficiency, 44 rate of return, 60, 95 organization investments, 110 utility rate increases, 123 See also payback period rationality.

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From page 236...

... insurance, 140 intermediaries, 119 organization energy policy, 108, 111 roles for major institutions, 194–95 routines, organizational, 109–10, 116 rules, organizational, 109–11, 113, 116 scientific community energy policy and programs, 194–95 shortages, energy, 3–4, 46, 47, 132, 182 conservation measures, 48 See also emergencies, energy; oil embargo of 1973–74 slack, organizational, 108–9, 111, 187 social group membership energy information, 66, 67–69, 97, 177, 184 and energy consumption, 63–64 energy emergencies, 142, 143, 147 local energy action, 165 See also networks social influence, 66–69 social marketing, 84–85 social necessity view of energy, 16, 18–19, 169–70 conflict with other views, 20–21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28 energy programs and policies, 23–24, 76, 171 energy shortages, 132, 152–53, 154 society and energy, 9 energy emergencies, 133, 143, 147, 151 soft energy path, 171 solar energy, 23, 67, 171, 177 building code, 124 energy conservation, 39 heating, 83, 119, 174 solar technology, passive, 17, 39, 163, 174 standard-setting organizations, 49, 126–27, 128 state energy offices, 177 state governments energy emergencies, 155, 157 statistical services, 199 stockpiling fuel, 135, 144, 155 information, 201 strategic petroleum reserve, 25, 132, 145, 148, 156, 157, 159 n. 1 strategic view of energy, 16, 19–20, 26, 28 control of energy, 27 energy information, 76 energy shortages, 132, 154 and other energy views, 24–25 national security, 21–22 suburbanization, 124 symbolic meanings of energy, 46–48 tax credits, 27, 51, 167, 190, 192 taxes gasoline, 3, 47 organizational use of energy, 107, 115 windfall profits, 27 temperature building standards, 126–27 thermostats, 37, 48, 63, 67, 96 Three Mile Island, 4–5 trade and professional associations, 115, 116, 177, 196, 199 transportation, 55 costs of, 51 energy demand, 50–51 energy efficiency, 44 energy emergencies, 134–35, 137, 140, 142, 144 energy invisibility, 39 energy savings, 127 public transit, 44, 124 purchases by intermediaries, 118 as a social necessity, 18 suburbanization, 124 trustworthiness.

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From page 237...

... Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. Bradley Plan, 98 certification programs, 86, 121, 198 conservation programs, 85, 195–96 emergencies, 5, 145 energy audits, 5, 90–91, 92, 97 energy efficiency loans, 51 energy information, 42 local action, 169, 177 public control of, 27 rates, 123, 172 recommendations, concerning, 195–98 See also bills, utility trustworthiness, 45–46 values and norms and energy use, 64, 71–73, 184 views of energy, 14–29 of energy users, 59–65, 107–08 visibility.

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Index Pages 227-237

Index
Pages 227-237