Papers Commissioned for a Workshop on the Federal Role in Research and Development (1985) / Chapter Skim
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The Government Role in Research and Development: The Case of the European Community
The Government Role in Research and Development: The Case of the European Community
Pages 75-88
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From page 75... ...
In the United S traces, as in the European Community, the government and the priorate sector share equally in the financial burden of promoting science and technology The average government share of the total gross domestic expenditures is 48 percent for the European Community, a figure similar deco that for the United S tates . The government share varies among members; it goes up to 70 percent for such countries as Ireland and Greece, and as low as 30 percent for Belgium, where industry involvement in funding research and developmen~c (R&D ~ is particularly intense .
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From page 76... ...
Although the European Community and the United States share a similar attitude coward the need for government and ~ ndustry support of R&D, differences exist on how to achieve that goal. Discrepancies also exist among the member states of ache European Community on the extent to which they wail combine efforts toward such an ate: ecti~re.
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From page 77... ...
In scary, there is no basic difference in how Europeans and Americans feel about government sponsorship of higher education. But, for many years, American universities have been operating in a competitive market of 250 million inhabitants, whereas European univers ivies have been operating mainly in their much smaller national environments.
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From page 78... ...
As already mentioned, the total government funding for R&D for those countries reaches more Ocean 80 percent of the aggregate government funding for R&D of all tert member stases a The difference in the role of these three outcries and that of the ocher partners might be lessened if barriers deco the transfer of scientific and technological knowledge were reduced or if multinational cooperation within Europe increased. It is difficul~c to assess the extent of multinational cooperation.
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From page 79... ...
In summary, R&D funding within Europe is organized mainly on a na~cional basis; science and technology activities are not conducted with ache wide participation that exists in the United States. Forces are working within Europe toward a more integrated science and technology policy, but it will take time before science and technology en; oy a true European dimension.
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From page 80... ...
Nevertheless, coilabora~cion today is excellent between na~cionai metrology laboratories, and the measurement system in Europe is rather homogeneous O The current ob; ecti~re of the European Community in supporting collabora~cion is deco eliminate any remaining discrepancies O But, indua~crial standardization is performed mainly at the national level, and the European Common Market remains derided on standards issues. Since 1983, ache CEC has made a renewed effort Deco eliminate technical standardiza~cion obstacles to the achtevemen~c of a true European Common Market; recently, computerized teleco=ications standards have been tackled at the regional petrel.
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From page 81... ...
and ache civilian sector ~ Concorde , Airbus ) ; · Space, including transport systems (such as the Ariane launch vehicle)
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From page 82... ...
At present, ache ESPRIT program appears to be a great success, and colon ventures are talcing shape between priorate electronic firms of different European countries. Never~cheless, it is still too early to know whether ache European computer industry wil.l enjoy a revival in this very competitive libido The first signs of such a renaissance may be some of these newly created ~ oin~c ventures: · The agreement of 12 leading European manufacturers on computer standards; The joint R&D canter in Munich, funded by Siemens, Bull, and JCL; and · T5Q announcement of the European Silicon Structure, a major venture to manufacture custom- des igned chips .
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From page 83... ...
; · Development of a system to trace pollutants in European air (Uest Germany, Austria, Finiand, the Netherlands, Norway, and the European Community) ; Development of a European research computer network (Uest Germany, Austria, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, and ache European Economic Community; — 83 —
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From page 84... ...
European government sponsorship of R&D is realized rainily in a national envi Torment; activities organized at the level of the European Community or at a broader European leered do not exceed IS deco 20 percent of the Scotch activities sponsored by go~rernmen~cs. Some sectors, such as space, nuclear energy, and aviation, enjoy a much stronger collaboration hong European partners.
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From page 85... ...
To a lesser extent, this also may be true of the NASA space program In addition, European industry is hampered by the lack of colon industrial standards; this is not the case for U
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From page 86... ...
ISBN 92-825~4498-2. Luxembourg: Office of Official Publications of the European Communities, 1984.
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