Environmental Tobacco Smoke Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects (1986) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 13-22
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From page 13... ...
The acute irritating and noxious effects of involuntary exposure to ETS, or "passive smoking," are well established. Based in part on these irritating properties of ETS, a recent report of the NRC recommended a ban on smoking in the small enclosed spaces of airliner cabins (National Research Council, 1986~.
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From page 14... ...
However, a pregnant, nonsmoking woman might be affected by exposure to ETS, as may her fetus. The health effects considered include respiratory symptoms and lung function, and other respiratory ailments (especially in children)
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From page 15... ...
There are various terms in the literature that refer to the inhalation of ETS by nonsmokers, e.g., "passive smoking, "involuntary smoking," and "breathing other people's smoked We will refer to the inhalation of ETS by using the terms "passive smoking" and "exposure to ETS by nonsmokers" interchangeably. TRENDS IN CIGARETTE USAGE Exposure of nonsmokers to ETS is a function of several variables, one of which is the number of active smokers with whom the nonsmoker comes into contact throughout some period of time.
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From page 16... ...
Among persons who consider themselves smokers, the cigarette consumption per adult smoker actually has increased from 27.3 to 3Q.O cigarettes per day. Table 1-3 demonstrates that, for both sexes, the percent of smokers who are heavy smokers has steadily increased over the past 30 years.
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From page 17... ...
Commodity Economics Division, Economic Research Service, USDA. bSubject to revision.
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From page 18... ...
Since then, tar and nicotine yields have steadily decreased to 13.2 mg tar and 0.95 mg nicotine in 1980 (The Tobacco Institute, 1981~. However, tar and nicotine yields in the SS of cigarettes have not significantly changed except
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From page 19... ...
SOURCES: Lee, 1975; Tobacco Reporter, 1984.
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From page 20... ...
This means that the gas-phase composition of SS differs substantially from that of MS. The health implications to nonsmokers of exposure to ETS may not be a simple extrapolation from the studies of active smokers.
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From page 21... ...
ETS potentially interacts with constituents of the ambient ear. This makes the evaluation of possible health effects due to workplace exposure complex and specific to each situation because of the varying nature of contaminants.
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