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10 Sensory Reactions To and Irritation Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Pages 166-181

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From page 166...
... Considerations of sensory reactions have a central role in the development of guidelines for ventilation requirements for occupied spaces. The amount of Ventilation, or number of air exchanges, needed to eliminate unacceptable odors and irritation commonly exceeds that required to meet any other needs, such as control of carbon dioxide.
From page 167...
... That is, occupancy odor decays relatively rapidly on its own (YagIou and Witheridge, 1937; CIausen et al., 1984~. Tobacco smoke odor, on the other hancI, exhibits relative stability.
From page 168...
... In this respect, tobacco smoke odor behaves as a simple contaminant and ventilation requirements for reducing tobacco smoke odor should depend strictly on rate of smoking. Twenty years after hm study on occupancy odor, YagIou (1955)
From page 170...
... The standard was, however, the first to specify the need for ~ to 5 times greater ventilation rates during- smoking occupancy as compared with nonsmoking occupancy. The most common rate specified for smoking occupancy is 35 cfm per occupant, whereas 7 cfm per occupant is the most common rate specified for nonsmoking occupancy.
From page 171...
... Data suggest that the difference in satisfaction between smoking and nonsmoking occupancy, and hence the difference In recommended ventilation rates, arises largely because of the intensity of the odors (Figure 10-4) , rather than the quality of the odors.
From page 172...
... Included within this concern have been the sensory reactions of occupants. Figure t~6 illustrates changes in tobacco smoke odor and ~rritation over time for occupants.
From page 173...
... UJ 1 -/ 1~_ Odor 30% R H , O ~_ .,~\tat;°n ~ ~ Odor ha. ~:~ 2 3 4 5 6 TIME, min FIGURE 10-6 Changes in odor and irritation during continuous, short-term exposure to cigarette smoke generated in a chamber.
From page 174...
... . Rate of eye blinking correlates well with estimates of eye and Ilose irritation when the level of ETS is high (i.e., level of ETS such that the carbon monoxide concentration is at least 5 ppm)
From page 175...
... , on the other hand, found only a slight reduction of irritation following electrostatic precipitation of the particles. This disparity suggests the need for a more direct comparison of the sensory effects of the two filtration methods and for chemical analysis in order to determine whether Cambridge pads remove a vapor-phase constitutent of ETS that is left airborne by electrostatic precipitation.
From page 176...
... Tobacco smoke has been shown to contain imrnunogens that can stimulate immune responses to tobacco leaf extract in experimental animals (I,ehrer et al., 1978; Becker et al., 1979; Gleich and
From page 177...
... The group included atopic and nonatopic individuals. Approximately 50% of the atopic subjects had positive skin tests to leaf extracts or cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)
From page 178...
... Over time, eye irritation grows to become the most important negative response of the occupant. Dissatisfaction observed in chamber studies is commensurate with that found in field studies.
From page 179...
... 10. A substantial portion of atopic individuals ace sensitive to tobacco leaf or tobacco smoke extracts as shown by skin tests.
From page 180...
... American Chemical Society Symposium 148. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1981.
From page 181...
... Ventilation requirements for cigarette smoke. ASHRAE Trans.


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