Environmental Tobacco Smoke Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects (1986) / Chapter Skim
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14 Cardiovascular System
14 Cardiovascular System
Pages 257-268
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From page 257... ...
ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE EXPOSURE Administration of nicotine at level similar to those induced by active cigarette smoking ~ shortly followed by increases in heart rate and blood pressure (U.S. Public Health Service, 1983~.
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From page 258... ...
COHb commonly observed in active smokers are higher, ranging between 4 to 6 percent, rarely greater than 12 percent (Schievelbein ancl Richter, 1984)
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From page 259... ...
There were no significant changes noted in heart rate or blood pressure In schoolaged children or in adult men and women. Two studies evaluated the physiologic responses to exercise with and without exposure to ETS.
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From page 260... ...
Angina pectoris is a symptom complex involving feelings of pressure and pain in the chest, which is produced by mild exercise car excitement, presumably because of insufficient oxygen supply to the heart muscle. Under conditions of ETS exposure, the CO levels are increased, thus possibly placing individuals with Nine at an increased risk of recurrent episodes.
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From page 261... ...
In these studies, angina pain appeared when COHb levels of patients were measured at 2 and Who. These studies have been reviewed extensively as part of the Environmental Protection Agency's (1984)
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From page 262... ...
The principal conclusions are that cigarette smokers experience a 70% greater coronary heart disease (CHD) death rate than do nonsmokers and that smokers of more than two packs per day have 2 to 3 times greater CHD death rates than nonsmokers.
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From page 263... ...
The rapid decline in risk associated with smoking cessation and the greater relative risk for sudden death suggest that active smoking can precipitate cardiac events in individuals with preexisting coronary artery disease. Autopsy evidence of increased arteriosclerosis in smokers, coupled with the fact that risk of exsmokers never returns to the levels found in nonsmokers, suggests that cigarette smoking is also unplicated in the development of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)
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From page 264... ...
test may be inappropriate in view of the small sample sizes. The authors employ the Cox Proportional Hazard analysis to control for other factors associated with cardiovascular risk, 'such as age, blood pressure, cholesterol, obesity, years of marriage, etc.
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From page 265... ...
No statistically significant effects of ETS exposure on heart rate or blood pressure were found in healthy men, women, and school-aged children during resting conditions. During exercise there is no difference in the cardiovascular changes for men and women between conditions of exposure to ETS and control conditions.
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From page 266... ...
Kjeldsen. Model studies linking carbon monoxide and/or nicotine to arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
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From page 267... ...
Effects of environmental tobacco smoke on urinary cotinine excretion in nonsmokers: Evidence for passive smoking.
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From page 268... ...
U.S. Public Health Service.
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