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Environmental Tobacco Smoke Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects (1986) / Chapter Skim
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15 Other Health Considerations in Children
Pages 269-276

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Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 269...
... For all postnatal outcomes, it is often not possible to differentiate effects of in utero exposure to tobacco smoke constituent frown subsequent childhood exposures to ETS. ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE EXPOSURE BY NONSMOKING PREGNANT WOMEN The fetus of a smoking mother is exposed in a unique way to the chemicals produced In cigarette smoke.
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From page 270...
... reported on a study of 5,000 children in which children of nonsmoking mothers whose fathers smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day had higher perinatal mortality than children whose parents were both nonsmokers. The incidence of severe malformations In children of fathers who were heavy smokers was double that of children of nonsmoking fathers, independent of parental age and social class.
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From page 271...
... age, parity, ethnicity, and maternal age produced a significantly increased risk of delivering a low-birthweight baby, i.e., less than 2,500 g at birth for ETS-exposed mothers (relative risk-2.17, p < 0.05~. The retardation in fetal growth rate is small but appears to be clinically meaningful at the low end of the birthweight distribution.
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From page 272...
... Recall bias in the mothers of school-age children regarding their smoking habits during the pregnancy may produce unreliable results, especially in light of the increasing publicity regarding ill effects on the fetus of maternal smoking during pregnancy. Moreover, height and weight ratios and other growth measures are not reliably obtained in standard pediatric surveys.
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From page 273...
... They concluded that a combination of several factors increased the risk of persistent middle-ear effusions, including recurrent otitis media, nasal catarrh, cigarette smoke exposure, and nasal allergies that chronically inflame the nasal and middIe-ear cavities, causing persistent eustachian tube dysfunction. For children with regular exposure to ETS, atopy, and congestion, the relative risk for PPME was 6.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-21.13.
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From page 274...
... Experimental studies should be developed to articulate possible mechanisms through which paternal smoking adversely ejects fetal growth in nonsmoking pregnant women. Special emphasis should be placed on identifying relevant effects of pregnancy on excretion Ed absorption of ETS, including transplacental metabolism.
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From page 275...
... Die Au~wirkungen der Rauchgewohuheiten van Eltern auf day ungeborene und neugeborene Kind.
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From page 276...
... Yerushalmy, J The relationship of parents' cigarette smoking to outcome of pregnancy Implications as to the problem of inferring causation from observed associations.
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Key Terms

  • pregnant women
  • cigarette smoking
  • nonsmoking pregnant
  • maternal smoking
  • ear infections

  • smoking habits
  • fetal growth
  • smoke exposure
  • chronic ear
  • otitis media

  • utero exposure
  • social class
  • tobacco smoke
  • parental smoking
  • childhood exposures

  • subsequent childhood
  • cigarettes smoked
  • parent smoked
  • ets exposure
  • postnatal outcomes

  • mother smoked
  • differentiate effects
  • increased risk
  • infant weight
  • cigarette smoke

  • perinatal mortality
  • maternal cigarette
  • low birthweight
  • children hospitalized
  • increased rates


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