Environmental Tobacco Smoke Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects (1986) / Chapter Skim
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3 In Vivo and In Vitro Assays to Assess the Health Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke
3 In Vivo and In Vitro Assays to Assess the Health Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Pages 54-62
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From page 54... ...
As inhalation is the primary route by which humans are exposed to tobacco smoke, it is obviously the preferred method of administration in animal models for evaluating the toxicolog~cal properties of both cigarette smoke and ETS. While extensive inhalation studies have been performed on the toxicological properties of mainstream cigarette smoke (MS)
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From page 55... ...
Direct measurement requires analysis of major components and their metabolites in tissues as well as in urine and feces or measurement of the amounts of material in the inspired and expired air. Aside from calculating dose based upon particle aerodynamic size and physiological data on lung function of experimental animals, tracers can provide reasonable estimates of exposure.
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From page 56... ...
Animal Modem In Inhalation Studies The selection of an appropriate animal mode} for inhalation studies with potentially toxic agents is compounded by the fact that one of the major functions of the mammalian sensory am paratus is to limit the exposure to toxic agents either by altering breathing or by producing avoidance behavior (Alarie, 1973; Wood, 19783. Also, the selection of animal species and strains for inhalation exposure studies requires thorough evaluation.
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From page 57... ...
Because commonly utilized filter systems do not remove many of the vapor-phase constituents, studies contrasting the effects of exposure to whole smoke with the effects of exposure to the gas phase should throw some light on the possible health effects of ETS. Male and female C57B!
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From page 58... ...
This indicates that the smoke condensate of SS has greater tumorigenicity per equivalent dose on mouse skin than MS stare (p < 0.05; Wynder and Hoffmann, 1967~. - ~ ~ VITRO ASSAYS ON ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE Several short-term bioassays have been performed to evaluate the genotoxicity of cigarette MS.
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From page 59... ...
They support extensive assays performed on CSC that indicate that tobacco smoke has significant mutagenic potential and show that the particulate matter of SS ~ likely to be a significant contributor to the mutagenic activity of indoor air particulate matter (Bos et al., 1983; Lofroth et al., 1983~. Thus, similar mutagenic activity for the CSC of SS would be expected.
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From page 60... ...
Such assays, while not duplicating human exposure patterns, would provide more definitive information about the relative carcinogenic potential of SS in comparison to the MS of the same cigarettes.
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From page 61... ...
Alfheim. Passive smoking and urban air pollution: Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay of simultaneously collected indoor and outdoor particulate matter, pp.
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From page 62... ...
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Tumorinduktion mit der Gasphase des Zigarettenrauchs.
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