Potential Radiation Exposure in Military Operations Protecting the Soldier Before, During, and After (1999) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 15-22
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From page 15... ...
This NATO guidance addresses radiation doses ranging from those governed by civilian public and occupational guidelines to the doses above which acute health effects are expected to develop and would be anticipated during a major nuclear conflict. At the request of the U.S.
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From page 16... ...
The upper bounds of the dose limits were set at the threshold at which radiation sickness develops. In the post-Cold War setting, military scenarios involving radiation exposure rarely reflect global nuclear war but more often consider limited nuclear exchanges, terrorist actions with improvised nuclear devices, conventional explosives employed as a means of disseminating radioactive materials, or nuclear power plant accidents.
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From page 17... ...
, recognized a need to plan for potential radiation exposure that might occur among military forces in Europe during the peacekeeping mission in Bosnia. In response, SHAPE staff developed the ACE Directive 80-63, ACE Policy for Defensive Measures against Low Level Radiological Hazards during Military Operations.
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From page 18... ...
Army has recently taken to control radiation exposures to soldiers at levels that are below the threshold for immediate effects are a significant step in that direction. In this final report, the committee provides information that is intended to assist the Army in developing both an appropriate radiation protection philosophy and appropriate standards applicable to the wide spectrum of radiation exposure situations that soldiers may encounter.
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From page 19... ...
, having presented the background to the committee's endeavor and the layout of this final report, proceeds with a section on ethics that introduces themes upon which the committee draws throughout this report. These themes have been considered in the scholarly literature and in the immediate context of specific issues (for example, ACHRE, 1995; Beauchamp and Childress, 1994; National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 1979~.
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From page 20... ...
In this context, it is the military mission that must be ethically acceptable, although this judgment cannot be up to the individual military person once an operational situation is underway. Moreover, the military mission must in some meaningful sense be more ethically significant than the violation of or deviation from the general moral principle of not imposing harm on others.
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From page 21... ...
Moreover, unlike civilians, military personnel In combat situations, for example, military personnel may be required to take investigational drugs without informed consent if a determination is made that the drug is necessary to accomplish the military mission and consent is "not feasible." This was done for the first time in the Gulf War (Annas, 1998~. In 1998, Congress limited the authority to waive the consent requirement for investigational drugs to the President, and in addition required the President to make specific findings before authorizing a consent waiver and notify specific members of Congress of his decision in writing (USC, 1998)
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From page 22... ...
Because health care in the military does not involve the range of choice of physician or medical facility exercised by many other groups of individuals, the handling of medical records presents another ethical concern. Although discharged military personnel have a right to compensation for service-related injuries, such compensation is difficult to obtain in the absence of adequate dosimetry records.
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