Potential Radiation Exposure in Military Operations Protecting the Soldier Before, During, and After (1999) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
3 Standard Practices in Occupational Radiation Protection
3 Standard Practices in Occupational Radiation Protection
Pages 42-54
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 42... ...
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY The philosophy of radiation protection and the practices that ensure radiation safety must include social as well as scientific judgments to provide an appropriate standard of protection without unduly limiting military operations. The overall goal of radiation protection, regardless of the specifics of the situation that leads to exposure, is to prevent the occurrence of acute effects (e.g., cataracts, radiation burns, and acute radiation sickness)
|
From page 43... ...
The practices in which they engage include taking x rays of patients, maintaining a nuclear reactor (or nuclear electric generating station) , or taking measurements using radioactive sources.
|
From page 44... ...
doses received from natural background radiation. Nor do they apply to patients undergoing medical procedures that involve radiation exposure.
|
From page 45... ...
However, since worker exposures may be unpredictable, unknown, and difficult to control in the earliest stages of an accident, adherence to dose limits is inappropriate. Nevertheless, ICRP recommends that, where possible, the effective dose to individuals be kept below 1,000 mSv to limit deterministic effects.
|
From page 46... ...
In implementing this underlying philosophy, radiation safety and protection programs include provisions for actions such as monitoring compliance, recordkeeping, training, health surveillance, and defining the responsibilities of management and governmental authorities. RADIATION SAFETY TRAINING FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES Training is an essential part of all radiation protection programs (NCRP, 1983~.
|
From page 47... ...
Reference Annual background dose to a person living in the United States, excluding radon Typical effective dose from a CT scan Annual limit on exposure of members of the general public One-year continuous exposure at the edge of the "Radiological Hazard Area," as defined by ACE Directive 80-63 Annual dose limit for radiation workers (averaged over a S-year period) Lifetime increase in background dose from living in Denver versus national average Limit for emergency services, except lifesaving, protection of valuable property, or protection of large populations Annual dose limit for radiation workers Total background radiation, excluding radon, over a 70-year life span Limit for protecting valuable property Total background radiation, including radon, over a 70-year life span Limit for saving a life Limit for volunteers saving a life Threshold for deterministic effects*
|
From page 48... ...
Radiation protection training for workers who are occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation is an essential component of any program designed to ensure compliance with Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulations. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission material was written with the belief that a clear understanding of what is presently known about the biological risks associated with exposure to radiation would result in more effective radiation protection training and therefore less unnecessary exposure.
|
From page 49... ...
20. Why do some facilities establish administrative control levels that are below the NRC [Nuclear Regulatory Commission]
|
From page 50... ...
Central to the concept of informed understanding is the recognition that decisions regarding radiation safety involve many uncertainties. Such uncertainties arise from: · limitations associated with data regarding the radiation source, including its type and form, concentration, containment, and environmental transport; · limitations associated with radiation measurement, including improper application, calibration, and operation and reading of instrumentation all of which are components of quality assurance; · limitations arising from inappropriate interpretation of instrument readings and inappropriate use of statistical techniques; · limitations associated with data regarding the mode of radiation exposure (e.g., internal versus external exposure and the conditions in which exposure occurred)
|
From page 51... ...
Because of the complexity of radiation risk analyses, resulting in part from the uncertainties outlined above, it is customary to make many simplifying assumptions. International scientific organizations and regulatory authorities regularly perform risk analyses and develop guidelines for radiation safety practices.
|
From page 52... ...
New images lead to changes in risk perceptions, becoming a foundation for decisions based on informed understanding. RECORDS AND RECORDKEEPING Radiation safety programs are designed and used to protect persons against ionizing radiation exposures that are unnecessary in the workplace or that are considered unacceptable to the general public.
|
From page 53... ...
Exposure records are to be preserved not only during the worker's working life but also at least until the worker attains or would have attained the age of 75 years and for not less than 30 years after the termination of the work involving occupational exposure.
|
From page 54... ...
These records are used for quality control purposes to ensure the accuracy of radiological measurements. REPORTING Regulations require that Nuclear Regulatory Commission licensees advise each worker annually of his or her total radiation dose for that year and the total career dose.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.