Potential Radiation Exposure in Military Operations Protecting the Soldier Before, During, and After (1999) / Chapter Skim
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This final report summarizes the general technical points of the interim report and expands the committee's discussion of the ethical considerations, education, training, and the decisionmaking process involved in initiating appropriate actions when military personnel may be at risk of exposure to radiation doses up to 700 millisievert (mSv)
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In the post-Cold War setting, however, military scenarios involving radiation exposure rarely reflect global nuclear war but more often consider limited nuclear exchanges, terrorist actions with improvised nuclear devices, conventional explosives employed as a means of disseminating radioactive materials, or nuclear power plant accidents. Military operations involving such situations are not covered by either the guidelines designed for nuclear war or the programs in effect for occupational duties.
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Army's approach to addressing issues relating to situations in which troops may be at risk of receiving radiation doses up to as much as 700 mSv in light of standard civilian practices, including the consideration of risk assessment, communication, training, education, commander decisionmaking, reporting, and follow-up. Taken together, these considerations form the building blocks of an ethically based approach to the planning, implementation, and follow-up of operations involving potential radiation exposure.
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15. Expand Operational Exposure Guidance to include radiation doses from both internal and external sources of radiation.
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Reference Levels for Operational Exposure Guidance 19. Include radiation doses from internal sources (e.g., from inhaled airborne radioactivity)
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Medical and related records (including radiation exposure information) are vital to ensuring that ethical consideration of possible radiation injury has been taken into account in addressing the military objective.
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maintain radiation exposure data on all its potentially exposed personnel, the committee strongly recommends that each military member so exposed be provided annually, and on termination of military service, a written document specifying the magnitude of each exposure (if possible) and the locationts)
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Although no significant acute effects are expected to result from such radiation doses, excess risks of many types of cancer and leukemia have statistically significant associations with doses in this range. Although the long-term effects of radiation are relatively well known, the long-term detriment associated with other exposures or potential exposures, such as psychological stress, are less well understood and quantified.
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· Those soldiers who may be exposed to radiation dose levels similar to those to which civilian radiation workers are exposed should have the same level of training as civilian radiation workers and should be subject to occupational dose limits.
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Communicating Risk Training and risk communication are extremely important not only so the troops can adequately achieve their objective but also so they can understand the risks and protect themselves. RECOMMENDATION 3: Military personnel should receive appropriate training in both radiation effects and protection.
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E Annually and upon deactivation or discharge, potentially exposed military personnel should be given a written record of their radiation exposures with estimated doses (annual and cumulative)
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should be limited to those testing and monitoring programs included in guidelines for the general population. · Specific periodic screening or medical monitoring of radiationexposed populations is not warranted solely on the basis of the radiation exposure in the dose range considered in this report.
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