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From page 243... ... Index A Accidents, see Environmental incidents; Health and safety Accountability, 4, 12-13, 20, 35 environmental cost accounting, 21, 22, 2324, 113, 119 product life cycle, 5, 12-13, Aggregation of metrics, 164-165, 178-180, 182 automotive industry, 77, 80-81 chemical industry, 103 Air pollutants, 4, 34, 234 automotive industry, 54, 57, 58, 61, 64-67, 71, 74, 76-77, 78 best practices, 7-8 chemical industry, 92-93, 101 international perspectives, 78, 222, 223 pulp and paper industry, 140, 141, 144 see also Climate change AMD, 229-230 American Chemical Society, 85 American Forest and Paper Association, 139 Asia Environmental Partnership, see U.S.-Asia Environmental Partnership Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, v-vi, 26 Attitudes corporate, 2, 4, 157 see also Public opinion 243 Automotive sector, 51, 53-84 aggregation of metrics, 77, 80-81 air emissions, 54, 57, 58, 61, 64-67, 71, 74, 76-77, 78 computer applications, 56-57 cost factors, other then fuel economy, 61, 63, 77 decision making, general, 74, 75, 76 energy consumption issues, other than fuel economy, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 65, 67, 74, 76, 80, 148 environmental burdens, 75, 79, 162 EPA, 56, 59 Superfund, 57, 58, 74 TRI, 57, 58, 59, 74, 80 facility considerations, 3, 59, 62, 75, 148, 170 fuel economy, 56, 57, 65, 74, 81, 162 hazardous materials and wastes, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 69; see also "toxicity metrics" and "Toxic Release Inventory" infra health and safety, 58, 74, 75, 77, 148 historical perspectives, 56-57, 62, 69, 71 international perspectives, 53(n.1) , 56, 78-79 materials use and flow, 49, 54, 56-57, 58, 59, 61-63, 73, 74, 148 Read the entire page →
From page 244... ... , 91, 98, 99 Chemical sector, 85-105, 223, 234 aggregation of metrics, 103 air pollutants, 92-93, 101 biotechnology, 85, 89 cost factors, 87, 89 decision making, general, 89, 103 economics of, 85-86 ecosystems and ecoefficiency, 87, 105 energy factors, 87, 97, 101, 104, 105, 148 environmental burden metrics, 16, 101, 104, 158, 163 environmental incidents, 93, 98, 101, 148 facility-based considerations, 3, 92, 148 hazardous materials and wastes, 98, 101, 102; see "toxicity metrics" and "Toxic Release Inventory" infra health and safety, 87, 89, 91, 98, 99, 102, 148 international perspectives, 85-86, 97 materials use, 49-50, 86, 87, 93, 95-96, 99, 101, 148; see also "raw materials" � r tnJra packaging, 93, 98-100, 101, 148 pollutant emissions, 87, 89, 92-94, 103; see also "air pollutants" supra product-centered metrics, 86, 97-98, 99, 102 public opinion, 87, 91, 93 raw materials, 49, 51, 86, 93, 104 recycling and reuse of materials, 98, 100, 104-105, 148 regulatory issues, 87, 100; see also "standards" infra reporting, 91, 92, 97, 220, 221 resource use, 93-95, 103-104 standards, 87, 91, 96, 99 stewardship issues, 87(n.4) , 98, 99, 100, 102 Superfund, 92, 98 suppliers, 98, 99, 148 sustainability, 104-105 toxicity metrics, other than TRI, 92-93, 101 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Read the entire page →
From page 245... ... 20, 23-24, 25 financial metrics, 19, 118, 163, 169, 178 pulp and paper industry, 129-130, 136 socioeconomic status, 166, 214-215 suppliers, demand-side purchasing power, 161-162 sustainability, 14, 187 taxes and incentives, 77, 82 see also Cost factors; Market factors Ecosystems and ecoefficiency, 4, 8, 10, 13-14, 33, 37, 39, 155, 157, 158, 164, 165, 169, 183, 185, 189, 192, 194, 224 chemical industry, 87, 105 historical perspectives, 21, 24, 25 pulp and paper industry, 136 see also Biodiversity; Forestry; Sustainability Electronics sector, 50, 107-127 types of metrics used, table/list, 3, 111, 119, 148 see also Semiconductors Emergency Planning and Right-to-Know Act, 57 Emissions, see Pollutant emissions Energy consumption and conservation 7, 8, 149, 155, 160, 171, 172, 173, 186, 203, 227-231 (passim) , 235 automotive fuel economy, 56, 57, 65, 74, 81, 162 automotive industry, other, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 65, 67, 74, 76, 80, 148 chemical industry, 87, 97, 101, 104, 105, 148 global scale reporting, 222, 223 historical perspectives, 22 operational metrics, 30, 31 materials flow, general, 50 pulp and paper industry, 132, 140, 143, 148 semiconductors, 108, 110, 111, 113, 114, 120, 121, 122, 124, 126, 148 Energy Policy Act, 57 Energy Policy and Conservation Act, 56 Environmental burden metrics, 4, 5, 11, 20, 24, 33, 34, 51, 160, 162, 164, 166, 170, 179, 180, 204, 207, 209 automotive industry, 75, 79, 162 chemical industry, 16, 101, 104, 158, 163 Read the entire page →
From page 246... ... , 234, 235 automotive industry, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 69 chemical industry, 98, 101, 102 best practices, 7-8 historical perspectives, 22 operational metrics, 30 pulp and paper industry, 144 real estate transactions, liability, 38-39 semiconductor manufacturing, 110, 111, 120, 121, 123 see also Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act; Toxicity metrics; Toxic Release Inventory Hazard Ranking System, 38, 158 Health and safety, 4, 7, 25, 37, 51, 149, 165, 174-175, 179, 180, 203, 233 automotive industry, 58, 74, 75, 77, 148 chemical industry, 87, 89, 91, 98, 99, 102, 148 environmental condition metrics, 33 global scale reporting, 222 pulp and paper industry, 140, 144, 148 semiconductor manufacturing, 110-113 (passim) , 116, 119, 121, 148 sustainable development, 187(n.2) Read the entire page →
From page 247... ... Agency for International Development, v-vi, 1-2, 210 U.S.-Asia Environmental Partnership, v, 1-2 U.S. Trade Representative, 210 World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 172, 186, 209 World Commission on Environment and Development, 187 World Council on Environment and Development, 25 World Resources Institute, 35, 42 Internet, 38, 117, 164, 189, 227 Investors, 39, 40-43, 79, 118, 156, 157, 160 Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economics, 78, 118, 160 regulatory issues, 39, 42, 43-44 ISO, see International Organization for Standardization 247 J Just-in-time inventory, 56, 61, 61-62, 98 K Kyoto Protocol, 97, 139, 165, 210 L Legislation Clean Air Act, 54, 61 Clean Water Act, 54 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, 38 see also "Superfund..." infra Emergency Planning and Right-to-Know Act, 57 Energy Policy Act, 57 Energy Policy and Conservation Act, 56 Pollution Prevention Act, 54 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 10-11, 54, 207, 208 Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, 54, 57, 58, 74, 92,98, 113 see also Toxic Release Inventory Liability, 4, 38-39, 41, 157 management metrics, 32 Life cycle metrics, see Product life cycle Local communities and government, 4, 33, 37, 157, 160, 166, 222 automotive industry, 78 urban areas, 5, 166, 184 Lucent Technologies, 229 M Management metrics, 32-33, 40-42, 224 historical perspectives, 21 ISO standards, 29-30 Market factors, 2, 3, 24, 81, 155 investors, 39, 40-43, 79, 118, 156, 157, 160 see also Public opinion Massachusetts, 161 Materials use, 148, 149, 155, 160, 170-171, 172, 203 automotive industry, 49, 54, 56-57, 58, 59, 61-63, 73, 74, 148 Read the entire page →
From page 248... ... 248 chemical industry, 49-50, 86, 87, 93, 9596, 99, 101, 148 best practices, general, 7-8 just-in-time inventory, 56, 61, 61-62, 98 operational metrics, 30, 31, 32 pulp and paper industry, 50, 130-131, 136137, 142-143, 148 sectoral studies, compared, 49-50 semiconductor manufacturing, 50, 116, 117, 122-123, 124, 148 see also Packaging and containers; Raw materials; Recycling and reuse of materials; Waste management; Water use and water pollutants Minority groups, 166 Models and modeling aggregation and presentation of metrics, 169-182 chemical industry emissions, 92 environmental cost accounting, 23-24 semiconductor manufacturing, 108 sustainable development, 189-191 Motorola Corporation, 228 Motor vehicles, see Automotive sector N National Institutes of Health, 208 National Science Foundation, 214 National Semiconductor, 229 New Jersey, 161 o Occupational safety and health, see Human health and safety Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 113, 116, 140, 144 Operational metrics, 30-32 automotive industry, 51 defined, 30 semiconductor manufacturing, 117 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 20, 210, 219 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, 56 INDEX p Pacific Rim, see Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Packaging and containers, 7, 148, 149, 173, 179, 203 automotive industry, 58, 63, 70, 74, 148 chemical industry, 93, 98-100, 101, 148 operational metrics, 30 semiconductor manufacturing, 109, 113, 116, 148 Paper sector, see Pulp and paper sector Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, 57 Pollutant emissions, 3, 149, 158, 189, 203 automotive industry, 54, 56, 62 best practices, general, 7-8 chemical industry, 87, 89, 92-94, 103 defined, 147 global scale reporting, 219, 222, 223 historical perspectives, 21 operational metrics, 30, 31 semiconductor manufacturing, 112, 117 see also Air pollutants; Hazardous materials and wastes; Solid wastes; Toxicity metrics; Toxic Release Inventory; Water use and water pollutants Pollution Prevention Act, 54 Prioritization of impacts, see Weighting of metrics Product-centered metrics, 24, 147-148, 149, 162, 164, 179, 203 automotive industry, 51, 64, 75, 78, 162 chemical industry, 86, 97-98, 99, 102 comparability across products/companies, 35, 36, 78, 158, 159-160, 204 global scale reporting, 222 historical perspectives, 22 operational metrics, 30, 31 by sector, 3, 148 semiconductor manufacturing, 113 Product life cycle, 2, 5, 6, 12-13, 26, 50, 158, 161-163, 210-211 automotive industry, 54, 55, 56, 57, 60, 63, 64, 66, 79-80, 162 best practices, general, 6, 13, 161 historical perspectives, 21, 22 pulp and paper industry, 51, 130-136 semiconductor manufacturing, 116-117, 118, 120-124 Read the entire page →
From page 249... ... , 117 see also Environmental Protection Agency; Standards Reporting, 1, 3, 9-10, 157-158, 159-160, 205 automotive industry, 57, 59 chemical industry, 91, 92, 97, 220, 221 by country, 220, 221, 224 global scale, 219-225 impact ranking, 10-11 by sector, 220, 21 semiconductor manufacturing, 227-231 standardization of metrics, 11-12, 35, 36 see also Aggregation of metrics; Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 10 11, 54, 207, 208 Resource use and resource-use metrics, 103 104, 149, 170-173, 179, 180 automotive industry, 67, 72, 75, 77, 80-81 chemical industry, 93-95, 103- 104 Read the entire page →
From page 250... ... . Opmlon Socioeconomic status, 166, 214-215 Soils environmental condition metrics, 34 forests, 137, 140, 144 real estate transactions, liability, 38-39 automotive industry, 58, 63-64, 68, 74 best practices, 7-8 pulp and paper industry, 140, 142 semiconductor manufacturing, 113 see also Recycling and reuse of materials Stakeholders, general, 19, 33, 157, 164, 191 commercial/financial, 4, 28, 38-42, 157, 208 automotive industry, 56 external, 4, 11, 29, 34, 35, 37-38, 39, 157, 208 automotive fuel economy, 56, 57, 65, 74, 81, 162 chemical industry, 87, 91, 96, 99 environmental, general, 2 historical perspectives, 21, 22 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Read the entire page →
From page 251... ... W Waste management, 63-64, 155, 234 automotive industry, 59-61, 69, 71-72 chemical industry, 49-50, 93-95 electronics industry, 50 global scale reporting, 222, 223 historical perspectives, 21 Read the entire page →
From page 252... ... , 235, 236 automotive industry, 56, 57, 58, 63, 66, 67, 74, 80 chemical industry, 105 best practices, 7-8 environmental condition metrics, 34 pulp and paper industry, 132, 137, 138, 139, 140, 143-144 semiconductor manufacturing, 111-114 (passim) , 120, 122, 123 INDEX Weighting of metrics, vi, 10-11, 22, 37, 38, 51, 163-164, 167, 176-177, 219, 223 automotive industry, 79, 83 chemical industry, 93, 94, 103, 104 Wildlife and wildlife habitat, 38, 105, 137, 138-139, 144, 165, 186 environmental condition metrics, 33, 34 see also Biodiversity World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 172, 186, 209 World Commission on Environment and Development, 25, 187 World Resources Institute, 35, 42 World Wide Web, see Internet X Xerox Corporation, 125 Read the entire page →

From page 243...

... Index A Accidents, see Environmental incidents; Health and safety Accountability, 4, 12-13, 20, 35 environmental cost accounting, 21, 22, 2324, 113, 119 product life cycle, 5, 12-13, Aggregation of metrics, 164-165, 178-180, 182 automotive industry, 77, 80-81 chemical industry, 103 Air pollutants, 4, 34, 234 automotive industry, 54, 57, 58, 61, 64-67, 71, 74, 76-77, 78 best practices, 7-8 chemical industry, 92-93, 101 international perspectives, 78, 222, 223 pulp and paper industry, 140, 141, 144 see also Climate change AMD, 229-230 American Chemical Society, 85 American Forest and Paper Association, 139 Asia Environmental Partnership, see U.S.-Asia Environmental Partnership Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, v-vi, 26 Attitudes corporate, 2, 4, 157 see also Public opinion 243 Automotive sector, 51, 53-84 aggregation of metrics, 77, 80-81 air emissions, 54, 57, 58, 61, 64-67, 71, 74, 76-77, 78 computer applications, 56-57 cost factors, other then fuel economy, 61, 63, 77 decision making, general, 74, 75, 76 energy consumption issues, other than fuel economy, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 65, 67, 74, 76, 80, 148 environmental burdens, 75, 79, 162 EPA, 56, 59 Superfund, 57, 58, 74 TRI, 57, 58, 59, 74, 80 facility considerations, 3, 59, 62, 75, 148, 170 fuel economy, 56, 57, 65, 74, 81, 162 hazardous materials and wastes, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 69; see also "toxicity metrics" and "Toxic Release Inventory" infra health and safety, 58, 74, 75, 77, 148 historical perspectives, 56-57, 62, 69, 71 international perspectives, 53(n.1) , 56, 78-79 materials use and flow, 49, 54, 56-57, 58, 59, 61-63, 73, 74, 148

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From page 244...

... , 91, 98, 99 Chemical sector, 85-105, 223, 234 aggregation of metrics, 103 air pollutants, 92-93, 101 biotechnology, 85, 89 cost factors, 87, 89 decision making, general, 89, 103 economics of, 85-86 ecosystems and ecoefficiency, 87, 105 energy factors, 87, 97, 101, 104, 105, 148 environmental burden metrics, 16, 101, 104, 158, 163 environmental incidents, 93, 98, 101, 148 facility-based considerations, 3, 92, 148 hazardous materials and wastes, 98, 101, 102; see "toxicity metrics" and "Toxic Release Inventory" infra health and safety, 87, 89, 91, 98, 99, 102, 148 international perspectives, 85-86, 97 materials use, 49-50, 86, 87, 93, 95-96, 99, 101, 148; see also "raw materials" � r tnJra packaging, 93, 98-100, 101, 148 pollutant emissions, 87, 89, 92-94, 103; see also "air pollutants" supra product-centered metrics, 86, 97-98, 99, 102 public opinion, 87, 91, 93 raw materials, 49, 51, 86, 93, 104 recycling and reuse of materials, 98, 100, 104-105, 148 regulatory issues, 87, 100; see also "standards" infra reporting, 91, 92, 97, 220, 221 resource use, 93-95, 103-104 standards, 87, 91, 96, 99 stewardship issues, 87(n.4) , 98, 99, 100, 102 Superfund, 92, 98 suppliers, 98, 99, 148 sustainability, 104-105 toxicity metrics, other than TRI, 92-93, 101 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)

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From page 245...

... 20, 23-24, 25 financial metrics, 19, 118, 163, 169, 178 pulp and paper industry, 129-130, 136 socioeconomic status, 166, 214-215 suppliers, demand-side purchasing power, 161-162 sustainability, 14, 187 taxes and incentives, 77, 82 see also Cost factors; Market factors Ecosystems and ecoefficiency, 4, 8, 10, 13-14, 33, 37, 39, 155, 157, 158, 164, 165, 169, 183, 185, 189, 192, 194, 224 chemical industry, 87, 105 historical perspectives, 21, 24, 25 pulp and paper industry, 136 see also Biodiversity; Forestry; Sustainability Electronics sector, 50, 107-127 types of metrics used, table/list, 3, 111, 119, 148 see also Semiconductors Emergency Planning and Right-to-Know Act, 57 Emissions, see Pollutant emissions Energy consumption and conservation 7, 8, 149, 155, 160, 171, 172, 173, 186, 203, 227-231 (passim) , 235 automotive fuel economy, 56, 57, 65, 74, 81, 162 automotive industry, other, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 65, 67, 74, 76, 80, 148 chemical industry, 87, 97, 101, 104, 105, 148 global scale reporting, 222, 223 historical perspectives, 22 operational metrics, 30, 31 materials flow, general, 50 pulp and paper industry, 132, 140, 143, 148 semiconductors, 108, 110, 111, 113, 114, 120, 121, 122, 124, 126, 148 Energy Policy Act, 57 Energy Policy and Conservation Act, 56 Environmental burden metrics, 4, 5, 11, 20, 24, 33, 34, 51, 160, 162, 164, 166, 170, 179, 180, 204, 207, 209 automotive industry, 75, 79, 162 chemical industry, 16, 101, 104, 158, 163

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From page 246...

... , 234, 235 automotive industry, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 69 chemical industry, 98, 101, 102 best practices, 7-8 historical perspectives, 22 operational metrics, 30 pulp and paper industry, 144 real estate transactions, liability, 38-39 semiconductor manufacturing, 110, 111, 120, 121, 123 see also Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act; Toxicity metrics; Toxic Release Inventory Hazard Ranking System, 38, 158 Health and safety, 4, 7, 25, 37, 51, 149, 165, 174-175, 179, 180, 203, 233 automotive industry, 58, 74, 75, 77, 148 chemical industry, 87, 89, 91, 98, 99, 102, 148 environmental condition metrics, 33 global scale reporting, 222 pulp and paper industry, 140, 144, 148 semiconductor manufacturing, 110-113 (passim) , 116, 119, 121, 148 sustainable development, 187(n.2)

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From page 247...

... Agency for International Development, v-vi, 1-2, 210 U.S.-Asia Environmental Partnership, v, 1-2 U.S. Trade Representative, 210 World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 172, 186, 209 World Commission on Environment and Development, 187 World Council on Environment and Development, 25 World Resources Institute, 35, 42 Internet, 38, 117, 164, 189, 227 Investors, 39, 40-43, 79, 118, 156, 157, 160 Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economics, 78, 118, 160 regulatory issues, 39, 42, 43-44 ISO, see International Organization for Standardization 247 J Just-in-time inventory, 56, 61, 61-62, 98 K Kyoto Protocol, 97, 139, 165, 210 L Legislation Clean Air Act, 54, 61 Clean Water Act, 54 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, 38 see also "Superfund..." infra Emergency Planning and Right-to-Know Act, 57 Energy Policy Act, 57 Energy Policy and Conservation Act, 56 Pollution Prevention Act, 54 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 10-11, 54, 207, 208 Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, 54, 57, 58, 74, 92,98, 113 see also Toxic Release Inventory Liability, 4, 38-39, 41, 157 management metrics, 32 Life cycle metrics, see Product life cycle Local communities and government, 4, 33, 37, 157, 160, 166, 222 automotive industry, 78 urban areas, 5, 166, 184 Lucent Technologies, 229 M Management metrics, 32-33, 40-42, 224 historical perspectives, 21 ISO standards, 29-30 Market factors, 2, 3, 24, 81, 155 investors, 39, 40-43, 79, 118, 156, 157, 160 see also Public opinion Massachusetts, 161 Materials use, 148, 149, 155, 160, 170-171, 172, 203 automotive industry, 49, 54, 56-57, 58, 59, 61-63, 73, 74, 148

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From page 248...

... 248 chemical industry, 49-50, 86, 87, 93, 9596, 99, 101, 148 best practices, general, 7-8 just-in-time inventory, 56, 61, 61-62, 98 operational metrics, 30, 31, 32 pulp and paper industry, 50, 130-131, 136137, 142-143, 148 sectoral studies, compared, 49-50 semiconductor manufacturing, 50, 116, 117, 122-123, 124, 148 see also Packaging and containers; Raw materials; Recycling and reuse of materials; Waste management; Water use and water pollutants Minority groups, 166 Models and modeling aggregation and presentation of metrics, 169-182 chemical industry emissions, 92 environmental cost accounting, 23-24 semiconductor manufacturing, 108 sustainable development, 189-191 Motorola Corporation, 228 Motor vehicles, see Automotive sector N National Institutes of Health, 208 National Science Foundation, 214 National Semiconductor, 229 New Jersey, 161 o Occupational safety and health, see Human health and safety Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 113, 116, 140, 144 Operational metrics, 30-32 automotive industry, 51 defined, 30 semiconductor manufacturing, 117 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 20, 210, 219 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, 56 INDEX p Pacific Rim, see Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Packaging and containers, 7, 148, 149, 173, 179, 203 automotive industry, 58, 63, 70, 74, 148 chemical industry, 93, 98-100, 101, 148 operational metrics, 30 semiconductor manufacturing, 109, 113, 116, 148 Paper sector, see Pulp and paper sector Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, 57 Pollutant emissions, 3, 149, 158, 189, 203 automotive industry, 54, 56, 62 best practices, general, 7-8 chemical industry, 87, 89, 92-94, 103 defined, 147 global scale reporting, 219, 222, 223 historical perspectives, 21 operational metrics, 30, 31 semiconductor manufacturing, 112, 117 see also Air pollutants; Hazardous materials and wastes; Solid wastes; Toxicity metrics; Toxic Release Inventory; Water use and water pollutants Pollution Prevention Act, 54 Prioritization of impacts, see Weighting of metrics Product-centered metrics, 24, 147-148, 149, 162, 164, 179, 203 automotive industry, 51, 64, 75, 78, 162 chemical industry, 86, 97-98, 99, 102 comparability across products/companies, 35, 36, 78, 158, 159-160, 204 global scale reporting, 222 historical perspectives, 22 operational metrics, 30, 31 by sector, 3, 148 semiconductor manufacturing, 113 Product life cycle, 2, 5, 6, 12-13, 26, 50, 158, 161-163, 210-211 automotive industry, 54, 55, 56, 57, 60, 63, 64, 66, 79-80, 162 best practices, general, 6, 13, 161 historical perspectives, 21, 22 pulp and paper industry, 51, 130-136 semiconductor manufacturing, 116-117, 118, 120-124

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From page 249...

... , 117 see also Environmental Protection Agency; Standards Reporting, 1, 3, 9-10, 157-158, 159-160, 205 automotive industry, 57, 59 chemical industry, 91, 92, 97, 220, 221 by country, 220, 221, 224 global scale, 219-225 impact ranking, 10-11 by sector, 220, 21 semiconductor manufacturing, 227-231 standardization of metrics, 11-12, 35, 36 see also Aggregation of metrics; Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 10 11, 54, 207, 208 Resource use and resource-use metrics, 103 104, 149, 170-173, 179, 180 automotive industry, 67, 72, 75, 77, 80-81 chemical industry, 93-95, 103- 104

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From page 250...

... . Opmlon Socioeconomic status, 166, 214-215 Soils environmental condition metrics, 34 forests, 137, 140, 144 real estate transactions, liability, 38-39 automotive industry, 58, 63-64, 68, 74 best practices, 7-8 pulp and paper industry, 140, 142 semiconductor manufacturing, 113 see also Recycling and reuse of materials Stakeholders, general, 19, 33, 157, 164, 191 commercial/financial, 4, 28, 38-42, 157, 208 automotive industry, 56 external, 4, 11, 29, 34, 35, 37-38, 39, 157, 208 automotive fuel economy, 56, 57, 65, 74, 81, 162 chemical industry, 87, 91, 96, 99 environmental, general, 2 historical perspectives, 21, 22 International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

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From page 251...

... W Waste management, 63-64, 155, 234 automotive industry, 59-61, 69, 71-72 chemical industry, 49-50, 93-95 electronics industry, 50 global scale reporting, 222, 223 historical perspectives, 21

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From page 252...

... , 235, 236 automotive industry, 56, 57, 58, 63, 66, 67, 74, 80 chemical industry, 105 best practices, 7-8 environmental condition metrics, 34 pulp and paper industry, 132, 137, 138, 139, 140, 143-144 semiconductor manufacturing, 111-114 (passim) , 120, 122, 123 INDEX Weighting of metrics, vi, 10-11, 22, 37, 38, 51, 163-164, 167, 176-177, 219, 223 automotive industry, 79, 83 chemical industry, 93, 94, 103, 104 Wildlife and wildlife habitat, 38, 105, 137, 138-139, 144, 165, 186 environmental condition metrics, 33, 34 see also Biodiversity World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 172, 186, 209 World Commission on Environment and Development, 25, 187 World Resources Institute, 35, 42 World Wide Web, see Internet X Xerox Corporation, 125

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Index Pages 243-252

Index
Pages 243-252