Vitamin Tolerance of Animals (1987) / Chapter Skim
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14 Choline
14 Choline
Pages 77-83
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From page 77... ...
. Chondrodystrophy is characterized by hemorrhaging and flattening of the tibiometatarsal joint, rotation of the metatarsus, and, ultimately, displacement of the Achilles tendon from its chondyles, resulting in crippling (National Research Council, 1984~.
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From page 78... ...
Methionine has a choline-sparing effect. For swine, it has been estimated that when methionine is fed at levels in excess of that required for normal rates of protein synthesis, 4.3 mg of methionine was equal to 1 mg of choline in providing methylating capacity (National Research Council, 1979~.
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From page 79... ...
o En Z - ~- ~ X Z Z ins ~D D 8 D D ~ it: ~4- ~At Hi ~5.
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From page 82... ...
Some clinical improvement and no deleterious effects were noted in those patients. PRESUMED UPPER SAFE LEVELS Insufficient data are available to support precise estimates of maximum tolerable dietary levels of choline, although published information suggests that the tolerance for choline is high in most species.
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From page 83... ...
National Research Council.
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