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From page 93... ... , 1, 36-40 absorption and metabolism of, 36-37 in birds, 38 in dogs, 38 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for, 88, 90 in fish, 38 forms of, 36 in guinea pigs, 38-39 in horses, 39 hypervitaminosis, 37, 40 in mice, 39 in n~ink,39 nutritional role of, 36 presumed upper safe levels of, 38-39, 40 in rats, 39 research needs, 84 summery, 85 in swine, 39 in turkeys, 38 Biotin, 70-73 B absorption and metabolism of, 70-71 in birds, 72 in chickens, 72 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for,89,91 hypervitaminosis, 71-73 nutritional role of, 70 presumed upper safe levels of, 73 in rats, 72 summery, 86 in swine, 72 in turkeys, 72 Birds, see also Chickens, Ducks, Geese, Pheasants, Quail, Turkeys ascorbic acid in, 38 biotin in, 72 choline in, 79 estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 vitamin A in, 6-7, 8 vitamin D in, 17 C Carotenoids, 4-5 Carotenosis,9 Cats estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 vitamin A in, 6, 8 Cattle estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 vitamin A in, 6, 8 vitamin D in, 16, 17-18 Chickens biotin in, 72 choline in,1,79 estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 niacin in, 50 vitamin A in, 6-7, 8 vitamin By in, 75 93 vitamin D in, 17 vitamin E in, 26 vitamin K in, 34 Cholesterol, 49 Choline, 77-83 absorption and metabolism of, 77-78 in birds, 79 in chickens, 1, 79 in dogs, 79-80 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for, 89, 91 forms of, 77 in humane, 80 hypervitaminosis, 78-82 in mice, 80-81 nutritional role of, 77 presumed upper safe levels of, 82 in rats, 81 research needs, 84 summery, 85 in swine, 81 in turkeys, 79 Cobalamin, see Vitamin By D Dogs ascorbic acid in, 38 choline in, 79-80 estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 riboflavin in, 56 thiamin in, 45 vitamin A in, 7, 8 vitamin Be in, 60 vitamin D in, 18 vitamin K in, 34 Ducks estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 vitamin A in, 7,8 Read the entire page →
From page 94... ... ,32 Metabolism, see Absorption and metabolism Mice ascorbic acid in, 39 choline in, 80-81 estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 niacin in, 51 thiamin in, 45 vitamin Be in, 60 vitamin By in, 75 vitamin K in, 34 Mink ascorbic acid in, 39 estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 vitamin D in, 18 Monkeys estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 vitamin A in, 8 vitamin D in, 18-19 MSB (menadione sodium bisulfite) ,32 N Niacin, 47-52 absorption and metabolism of, 48 in chickens, 50 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for, 89,91 forms of, 47-48 in humans, 50 hypervitaminosis, 48-49,50-51 in mice, 51 nutritional role of, 47 presumed upper safe levels of, 49 in rabbits, 51 in rats,51 research needs, 84 summery, 85 Nonhuman primates, see Monkeys Nutritional role ascorbic acid, 36 biotin,70 chorine, 77 folic acid, 64 niacin, 47 pantothenic acid, 67 riboflavin, 53 thiamin,43 vitamin A, 3-4 vitamin Be, 58 vitamin B~2,74 vitamin D, 11 vitamin E, 23-24 vitamin K, 31-32 pi Pantothenic acid, 67-69 absorption and metabolism of, 68 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for,89,91 forms of, 67-68 hypervitaminosis, 68 nutritional role of, 67 presumed upper safe levels of, 68 summery, 85 Parathyroidhormone(PTH) Read the entire page →
From page 95... ... , 43, 44 Tryptophan,1 Turkeys ascorbic acid in, 38 biotin in, 72 choline in, 79 estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 vitamin A in, 7, 8 vitamin D in, 17 V Vitamin A, 3-9 absorption and metabolism of, 4-5 in birds, 6-7, 8 in eats, 6, 8 in castle, 6, 8 in chickens, 6-7, 8 in dogs, 7, 8 in clucks, 7, 8 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for, 88, 90 in fish, 8 forms of, 4 in geese, 8 in "oats, 8 in horses, 8 hypervitaminosis, 5-8 in monkeys, ~ nutritional role of, 3-4 presumed upper safe levels of, 8-9 in quail, 8 in rabbits, 7,8 research needs, 84 in sheep, 8 summary,85in swine, 7, 8 in turkeys, 7, 8 Vitamin B2, see Riboflavin Vitamin Be (pyridoxine) , 58-62 absorption and metabolism of, 58-59 in dogs, 60 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for, 89, 91 forms of, 58 in humane, 60 hypervitaminosis, 59-62 in mice, 60 nutritional role of, 58 presumed upper safe levels of, 62 in rats, 60-61 summery, 86 in swine, 61 Vitamin Bit, 74-76 absorption and metabolism of, 74-75 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for,89,91 forms of, 74, 76 hypervitaminosis, 75-76 in mice, 75 nutritional role of, 74 presumed upper safe levels of, 76 summery, 76 Vitamin C, see Ascorbic acid VitaminD,11-20 absorption and metabolism of, 11-13 in birds, 17 in cattle, 16, 17-18 in chickens, 17 in dogs, 18 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for, 88, 90 in fish, 18 forms of,11 in foxes, 18 in horses, 18 in humane, 12 hypervitaminosis, 13-16 in mink, 18 in monkeys, 18 nutritional role of,11 presumed upper safe levels of, 16-20 in quail, 17 in rabbits, 19 Read the entire page →
From page 96... ... 96 Index research needs, 84 in sheep, 19 summery, 85 in swine, 19 in turkeys, 17 Vitamin E, 23-29 absorption and metabolism of, 24-25 in chickens, 26 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for, 88, 90 forms of, 24 hypervitaminosis, 25-29 nutritional role of, 23-24 presumed upper safe levels of, 29 in rats, 26-27 research needs, 84 summery, 85 Vitamin K, 31-35 absorption and metabolism of, 32-33 in chickens, 34 in dogs, 34 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for, 88, 90 forms of, 32 in horses, 34 hypervitaminosis, 33, 34 in mice, 34 nutritional role of, 31-32 presumed upper safe levels of, 33 in rabbits, 34 in rats, 34 summery, 85 Vitamins absorption and metabolism of, see Absorption and metabolism hypervitaminosis, see Hypervitaminosis intake levels of, 1-2 nutritional role of, see Nutritional role presumed upper safe levels of, see Presumed upper safe levels defined, 1 See also specific vitamins Read the entire page →

From page 93...

... , 1, 36-40 absorption and metabolism of, 36-37 in birds, 38 in dogs, 38 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for, 88, 90 in fish, 38 forms of, 36 in guinea pigs, 38-39 in horses, 39 hypervitaminosis, 37, 40 in mice, 39 in n~ink,39 nutritional role of, 36 presumed upper safe levels of, 38-39, 40 in rats, 39 research needs, 84 summery, 85 in swine, 39 in turkeys, 38 Biotin, 70-73 B absorption and metabolism of, 70-71 in birds, 72 in chickens, 72 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for,89,91 hypervitaminosis, 71-73 nutritional role of, 70 presumed upper safe levels of, 73 in rats, 72 summery, 86 in swine, 72 in turkeys, 72 Birds, see also Chickens, Ducks, Geese, Pheasants, Quail, Turkeys ascorbic acid in, 38 biotin in, 72 choline in, 79 estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 vitamin A in, 6-7, 8 vitamin D in, 17 C Carotenoids, 4-5 Carotenosis,9 Cats estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 vitamin A in, 6, 8 Cattle estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 vitamin A in, 6, 8 vitamin D in, 16, 17-18 Chickens biotin in, 72 choline in,1,79 estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 niacin in, 50 vitamin A in, 6-7, 8 vitamin By in, 75 93 vitamin D in, 17 vitamin E in, 26 vitamin K in, 34 Cholesterol, 49 Choline, 77-83 absorption and metabolism of, 77-78 in birds, 79 in chickens, 1, 79 in dogs, 79-80 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for, 89, 91 forms of, 77 in humane, 80 hypervitaminosis, 78-82 in mice, 80-81 nutritional role of, 77 presumed upper safe levels of, 82 in rats, 81 research needs, 84 summery, 85 in swine, 81 in turkeys, 79 Cobalamin, see Vitamin By D Dogs ascorbic acid in, 38 choline in, 79-80 estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 riboflavin in, 56 thiamin in, 45 vitamin A in, 7, 8 vitamin Be in, 60 vitamin D in, 18 vitamin K in, 34 Ducks estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 vitamin A in, 7,8

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From page 94...

... ,32 Metabolism, see Absorption and metabolism Mice ascorbic acid in, 39 choline in, 80-81 estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 niacin in, 51 thiamin in, 45 vitamin Be in, 60 vitamin By in, 75 vitamin K in, 34 Mink ascorbic acid in, 39 estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 vitamin D in, 18 Monkeys estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 vitamin A in, 8 vitamin D in, 18-19 MSB (menadione sodium bisulfite) ,32 N Niacin, 47-52 absorption and metabolism of, 48 in chickens, 50 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for, 89,91 forms of, 47-48 in humans, 50 hypervitaminosis, 48-49,50-51 in mice, 51 nutritional role of, 47 presumed upper safe levels of, 49 in rabbits, 51 in rats,51 research needs, 84 summery, 85 Nonhuman primates, see Monkeys Nutritional role ascorbic acid, 36 biotin,70 chorine, 77 folic acid, 64 niacin, 47 pantothenic acid, 67 riboflavin, 53 thiamin,43 vitamin A, 3-4 vitamin Be, 58 vitamin B~2,74 vitamin D, 11 vitamin E, 23-24 vitamin K, 31-32 pi Pantothenic acid, 67-69 absorption and metabolism of, 68 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for,89,91 forms of, 67-68 hypervitaminosis, 68 nutritional role of, 67 presumed upper safe levels of, 68 summery, 85 Parathyroidhormone(PTH)

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From page 95...

... , 43, 44 Tryptophan,1 Turkeys ascorbic acid in, 38 biotin in, 72 choline in, 79 estimated vitamin requirements of, 88-89 vitamin A in, 7, 8 vitamin D in, 17 V Vitamin A, 3-9 absorption and metabolism of, 4-5 in birds, 6-7, 8 in eats, 6, 8 in castle, 6, 8 in chickens, 6-7, 8 in dogs, 7, 8 in clucks, 7, 8 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for, 88, 90 in fish, 8 forms of, 4 in geese, 8 in "oats, 8 in horses, 8 hypervitaminosis, 5-8 in monkeys, ~ nutritional role of, 3-4 presumed upper safe levels of, 8-9 in quail, 8 in rabbits, 7,8 research needs, 84 in sheep, 8 summary,85in swine, 7, 8 in turkeys, 7, 8 Vitamin B2, see Riboflavin Vitamin Be (pyridoxine) , 58-62 absorption and metabolism of, 58-59 in dogs, 60 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for, 89, 91 forms of, 58 in humane, 60 hypervitaminosis, 59-62 in mice, 60 nutritional role of, 58 presumed upper safe levels of, 62 in rats, 60-61 summery, 86 in swine, 61 Vitamin Bit, 74-76 absorption and metabolism of, 74-75 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for,89,91 forms of, 74, 76 hypervitaminosis, 75-76 in mice, 75 nutritional role of, 74 presumed upper safe levels of, 76 summery, 76 Vitamin C, see Ascorbic acid VitaminD,11-20 absorption and metabolism of, 11-13 in birds, 17 in cattle, 16, 17-18 in chickens, 17 in dogs, 18 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for, 88, 90 in fish, 18 forms of,11 in foxes, 18 in horses, 18 in humane, 12 hypervitaminosis, 13-16 in mink, 18 in monkeys, 18 nutritional role of,11 presumed upper safe levels of, 16-20 in quail, 17 in rabbits, 19

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From page 96...

... 96 Index research needs, 84 in sheep, 19 summery, 85 in swine, 19 in turkeys, 17 Vitamin E, 23-29 absorption and metabolism of, 24-25 in chickens, 26 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for, 88, 90 forms of, 24 hypervitaminosis, 25-29 nutritional role of, 23-24 presumed upper safe levels of, 29 in rats, 26-27 research needs, 84 summery, 85 Vitamin K, 31-35 absorption and metabolism of, 32-33 in chickens, 34 in dogs, 34 estimated requirements of domestic and laboratory animals for, 88, 90 forms of, 32 in horses, 34 hypervitaminosis, 33, 34 in mice, 34 nutritional role of, 31-32 presumed upper safe levels of, 33 in rabbits, 34 in rats, 34 summery, 85 Vitamins absorption and metabolism of, see Absorption and metabolism hypervitaminosis, see Hypervitaminosis intake levels of, 1-2 nutritional role of, see Nutritional role presumed upper safe levels of, see Presumed upper safe levels defined, 1 See also specific vitamins

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Index Pages 93-96

Index
Pages 93-96