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6. Beef Cattle
Pages 56-74

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From page 56...
... Figure 6-1 summarizes the relationship of dry matter intake and dietary energy concentration by comparing systems proposed by the
From page 57...
... , Fox and Black FIGURE 6-1 Relationship between dietary energy concentration and dry matter intake (DM) in growing cattle NEm, net energy for maintenance.
From page 58...
... The relationships among body size, body composition, and intake discussed previously suggest that mature dry cows may have voluntary intakes similar to those of growing cattle of similar body composition. Beef cows in average flesh condition (condition score 5)
From page 59...
... found that daily dry matter intake increased 0.20 kg for each 50 kg above 277 kg of initial weight when placed on a high-energy diet, and i decreased by this same amount for initial weights under 277 kg. Similar trends were obtained by Plegge et al.
From page 60...
... The primary environmental effects on voluntary intake of cattle occur at temperatures greater than 25°C and less than 15°C an-d by exposure to wind, storms, and mud. These effects FIGURE 6-3 Environmental effects 120 on dry matter intake.
From page 61...
... DIETARY FACTORS Diet Water Content Nonlactating cattle consume an average of 3 parts water to 1 part dry matter up to a 4.4°C environmental FIGURE 6-4 Effect of forage standing crop on the relative forage dry matter intake (relative DMI) of lambs, calves, and dairy cows grazing pasture under continuous grazing management (Rayburn, 19861.
From page 62...
... Thus, dietary water concentration per se would not be expected to influence dry matter intake until total expected water intake per unit of dry matter is exceeded. Rumen contents contain about 85 percent water; wa ter added to the rumen has little effect on dry matter intake since it is rapidly absorbed and excreted (VanSoest,1982~.
From page 63...
... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4 5 6 PROTEIN IN THE RATION DRY MATTER (%) duces rumination time and increases the rate of passage and thus feed intake (VanSoest, 1982)
From page 64...
... b. May underestimate feed intake for cattle that have low initial weights for their frame size or may overestimate feed intake of cattle that have high initial weights for their frame size.
From page 65...
... This indicates that over the range of forage energy densities usually fed to beef cows, a linear equation adequately describes intake. Limitations a.
From page 66...
... Adjustment factors can be determined for alternative frame sizes of growing cattle by multiplying actual weight by the adjustment factor in Table 6-2 and then by using the adjusted weight (equivalent weight) to get the intake adjustment factor from Table 6-3.
From page 67...
... For example, if dry matter intake = 10 kg, total water intake at 10°C = [lOt(1 - 0.762)
From page 68...
... 68 En ._ r o a' it_ .o a' ~0 en o o o In Go ~ _ ~ g ~ Do ._1 ~ Z i hi Cat _ ~ _ id Lie (~)
From page 69...
... (1985) concluded that under these conditions intake patterns were usually established by 28 days on feed and can be used along with initial weight and days on feed to predict intake beyond that point (Figure 6-91.
From page 70...
... The data were selected to include most of the extremes in frame sizes and diet net energy values normally experienced under field conditions. A second condition was to have body composition data to allow for an accurate description of frame size and relative weight to apply the various equations and adjustments, and dry matter intakes were available by 28-day intervals; actual diet net energy values were also available.
From page 71...
... These evaluations indicate that adjustments to net energy values for level of intake and appropriate energy requirement equations must be used along with the best dry matter intake prediction equations to accurately predict the performance of growing cattle. Beef Cows Two data sets were used to evaluate the usefulness of the NRC (1984)
From page 72...
... 1 ~ 1.38 1.33 FIGURE 6-12 Dry matter intake of grazing beef cows nursing calves. Actual data are those of Holloway and Butts (1983~; includes 90 cow years collected over 5 years of grazing fescue-legume pastures (10 cows with calves on 8.1-ha pastures, rotated weekly)
From page 73...
... 1979. Relationship of animal performance and dry matter intake to chemical constituents of grazed forage.
From page 74...
... 1985. Feed intake by feedlot beef steers: Influence of initial weight and time on feed.


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