The Working Environment for Research in U.S. and Japanese Universities Contrasts and Commonalities (1989) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Pages 1-3
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 1... ...
Many of the factors that affect foreign access are rooted in organizational differences between the two nations' university research systems, a fact that is likely to make it difficult to eliminate them through formal negotiations between the United States and Japan. Varying degrees of researcher independence, different approaches to funding, language barriers, different definitions of the meaning of "basic" research, and differing levels of domestic support for overseas research are but a few factors that may 1
|
From page 2... ...
Only 100 U.S. universities are considered "research universities." In both the United States and Japan, a large portion of university research and development money is concentrated in the natural sciences and engineering (see Table 1-1~.
|
From page 3... ...
Category United States Japan Total expenditures for R&D by higher education 312,656,000,000$7,297,000,000 Share of total R&D performed by higher education 12.0%20.0% Breakdown by field Natural sciences 43.2589.0% Engineering 14.620.7 Agriculture 10.84.8 Medical sciences 23.725.5 Social sciences 5.813.0 All other fields 1.926.9 NOTE: Japanese dollar figures were calculated by the National Science Foundation (NSF) using Government of Japan, Management and Coordination Agency information.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.