Preparing for the 21st Century: Challenges Facing a Changing Society (1997) / Chapter Skim
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Preparing for the 21st Century: Challenges Facing a Changing Society
Preparing for the 21st Century: Challenges Facing a Changing Society
Pages 1-9
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From page 1... ...
Several key objectives set forth in Academy complex reports can help guide the actions of those involved in cleveloping and implementing public policies, including the following: · Develop and implement a new measure of poverty that better reflects the income available to our nations families for meeting basic needs. · Use statistics sampling and estimation techniques to supplement the tradiitonal head count, thereby producing more-accurate and less-expensive census data.
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· Undertake an iterative process for evaluating promising preventive strategies that couict lead to better understanding of specific violence problems and the interventions that can prevent and control them. Science Should Be Used to improve Measurements of Social Change Measures of social conditions can have a powerful influence on public policy.
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A mail questionnaire sent to every known household in the United States still will be the cornerstone of the census. However, the use of sampling and estimation techniques will provide a more cost-effective way to follow up people who do not respond and people and households that are entirely missed, and it will increase coverage ant!
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Balanced, accurate information on methods of contraception, on unintended pregnancy, and on reproductive health would recluce the misunderstandings that impede the careful, consistent use of contraception. Financial barriers to contraceptive services should be reduced by increasing health-insurance coverage, extending Medicaid coverage for poor women for two years after childbirth so that they have access to contraceptive services, and continuing to provide public funding for comprehensive services.
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Yet the complex origins and profound consequences of child victimization are just beginning to be fully understood. Although substantial progress has been made in identifying the factors responsible for child maltreatment, research is relatively undeveloped compared with that in related fields, such as child development, social welfare, and criminal violence.
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Congress should repeal the federal law preempting state regulation of tobacco promotion and advertising that occur entirely within a state borders and enact comprehensive legislation establishing a timetable for gradual implementation of a plan to restrict tobacco advertising and promotion in interstate commerce. Congress should enact legislation that delegates to an appropriate agency the necessary authority to regulate tobacco products for the dual purposes of discouraging consumption and reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with the use of tobacco, strengthen the federally mandated warning labels for tobacco products, and take steps to increase the salience and effectiveness of health warnings on both advertising and packaging.
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From page 7... ...
; modifying places, routine activities, and situations that promote violence; maximizing the violence-reduction efforts of police directed at illegal markets; reducing the impact of violence related commodities (including firearms, alcohol, and other psychoactive clrugs) in connection with violent events or their consequences; intervening to reduce the potential of violence in bias crimes, gang activities, and community transitions; and implementing a comprehensive initiative to recluce partner assault (such as less-expensive criminal-justice intervention, publicawareness campaigns, and batterer-counseling programs)
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A second task of social and behavioral science is to provide information about human behavior that can reduce violence, facilitate the major demographic and economic transitions now under way in the world, ant! improve human performance and learning.
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was organized by the NAS in 191 6 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the NAS and the NAE in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities.
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