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III. Research and New Technical Developments
Pages 51-94

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From page 51...
... PART THRE:E PRESIDING CHAIRNIA~ Howard T Fisher Howard T
From page 53...
... He said substantialZy as follows: "The joining of material is more important than the materiaZ itself." This is a statement of the very greatest importance in the construction industry, and not perhaps generaZZy recognized by all of the manufacturers o f materials and the _1 'r _ r _ ' 1 architects, engineers who are concerned with design. Our first speaker this afternoon is Clarence 17\1onk, manager of the Structural Clay Products Research Foundation's Architectural and Engineering Research Division.
From page 54...
... extent by the mass characteristics of the builcTing materials (specific heat and density) as well as their thermal transmission coefficients.
From page 55...
... a k , PA Adhere k coefficient of thermal transmis slon p density C specific heat It is this physical property that is of significance in discussing periodic heat flow as opposecl to k or U for steacly heat transfer. Unfortunately ~nathe~natical expressions relating this property to heat flow are not in a form suitable for office computation.
From page 56...
... . Taxis pern~itted erecting 8' 2: 8' HEAT FLOW THROUGH MASONRY 1 500 1 400 10" CAVITY WALL /__ 8" TILE WALL \ \ 6" TILE WALL \ 8" B R IC K WALL '\ 'A1 300 , ~ f RAME WALL _ BRICK VENEER _ TRAILER _ METAL PANEL f 6" BRICK WALL FIGURE 1 Plot plan of test site showing arran~,ements of thermal huts.
From page 57...
... Thennopiles measure the temperature gra~lient in the air conditioning water. It is apparent frown this instrumentation that the total heat flow into the huts may be checlce against the heat re~nove(l.
From page 58...
... Us factors cletern~ined uncler periodic tl~er~nal flow clue to varying weather patterns. This factor represents tile average heat Toss through the walls of the thermal hut for the period of stucly per clegree F temperature difference between average inside ancT outside ambient air (see Table If.
From page 59...
... The France and metal huts have Uv values above Us; the clay masonry buts have values below. While differences in color do have an effect, it should be noted that the frame was white and the metal was darkened galvanizecT, each representing racliation extremes on both sides of the reel brick color; yet both of these constructions having sn~all mass showed heat Tosses greater uncler periodic heat flow than predicted front steady state knowledge (1020G/G for France and 30-6070 for metal)
From page 60...
... Under the periodic heat flow of actual winter weather patterns wall constructions having low mass, such as France and metal panels, were shown to have total heat Tosses significantly greater than front steady state calculations (ranging front 10-20~7o for the France and front 30-40% for the metal)
From page 61...
... In ad`lition to his 29-year connection with GZadding, McBean ~ Company as manager of architectural products promotion, Albert E Barnes is also Secretary of the Architectural Terra Cotta Institute, a past president of the Southern California Chapter of the Producers Council, and a member of the Construction Specifications Institute.
From page 62...
... In this respect, attention is calle(l to the proven characteristics of good masonry construction as to permanent water resistant qualities and low maintenance cost. The ceramic veneer facing unit is approxin~ately I" thick and is a cle-aired, extruded, precisely finished clay body with a high-fired impervious glazed finish.
From page 63...
... The reinforcing steel used is a heavy galvanized welded steed mesh or reinforcing bars or light cleanness may be used to provide the proper reinforcing. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CV PANEEWALL After several years of research, it has been determined that a thickness of I" of ceramic veneer facing with a backing of 2" of reinforced lightweight concrete.
From page 64...
... As far as the thermal conductivity of the CV PANEEWALL is concerned, it is to be noted that in acicTition to the basic U factor of the masonry panel, depending upon the thickness and bacic-up material to be used, the pane] has the adcTitional benefit of heat lag, the recog 64 Toggle bolts placed through strap anchors into holes in mullions.
From page 65...
... ft. This is most significant when you consider that handmade architectural terra cotta, approximately 4" thick backed up with 8" of masonry, weighs approximately 175 lbs.
From page 66...
... DISTRIBUTION AND 1MARKETING OF CV PANEL\V ALL CV PANELWALL is a developn~ent of the Architectural Terra Cotta Institute which in 66 ~ ~ , tural Clay Products Research Foundation anc! with their advice and help, n~en~ber companies are developing curtain wall panels ancT fastening cletails to fit the requirements of projects in various parts of the country.
From page 67...
... We heard something on the clay products and now we wit! hear two speakers on recent advances in research on natural stone.
From page 68...
... The aggregate nude front natural stone waste can be permanently color stained ashen cast. The tllru-wall unit has a very good insulating quality, taking advantage of the insulating Rubble stone, often referred to as "Native material.
From page 69...
... The thruwal1 unit will provide the builder with a construction material which is beautiful. has insulating value, is maintenance free ancl fireproof, and has a very Tow per square foot cost.
From page 70...
... Natural stones, for tile most part, do not 1lave any staining qualities in their physical or cLen~ical n~akeup. Staining occurs when water has been permitted to get into the wall cavity and carry soluble salts or alkali frown tile back-up n~aterials tl~rougl the stone to tile surface by capillary attraction.
From page 71...
... TIlis thin veneer used with an insulating material was first employed in the Labor-In(lustry Builcling at Harrisburg, lea. On this building, foam glass was applied to tile back of the stone to maintain insulating qualities.
From page 72...
... In conclusion, let Nile say that tile natural stone industry is making every effort to provide tile construction industry with new, more efficient, and less expensive applications of natural stone. We believe architects and buiTcling owners who use masonry and natural stone have something both new and exciting to fool: forward to in the future.
From page 73...
... In nay book that is only one kind of research. To us in the marble industry, research means not only finding new applications for an ancient material, but discovering in the shop, in the ~3
From page 74...
... Figure 3, the Equitable Life Building in San Francisco, California, is yet another modern example of marble veneer construction. The method of applying marble veneer is a familiar one.
From page 75...
... Industry rcsc~rcb bus gone on to Fact cvcn more rigid demands for thinner malls and prc~sscmBlcd units the curtain ~1t Ibc S2I~C rchitcctur~1 dcshcs which brought about thc vcnccr applications which can be dchncd as ~ covering for masonry construction, now h~vc gone farther and dcm~nd ~ ~N that is not only ~ covering but ~ complete through-thc FI~RE 3. The Equitable [1~ Building, San Francisco, California, illustrating the use of 2 marble veneer construction.
From page 76...
... F from Marble Institute of America's Standard Specifications For the Support' Anchorage and Protection of Exterior Marble Veneer Two Inches and Less in Thickness and Exterior Marble Used in Curtain or Panel Walls.
From page 77...
... Specifications booklet. Figure 7 shows how the marble, the exterior marble, by the way, was applied or set in place front inside the Gulf Oil Corporation Building in Atlanta, Georgia.
From page 78...
... Marble Curtain Mall Panel IJnit ard Specifications showi;n~ section through Gulf Oil Building wall. "A" shows marble plus insulation.
From page 79...
... Perhaps the principal advantages would be those of simplifying the erection and reducing the cost of the installation. Working along these lines, the industry has progressed far in creating these units, some of which are indicated in Figure 10: A- Marble plus insulation B Marble plus insulation in marble France C Marble plus insulation plus interior marble Here we have three typical ways in which marble can be designed into curtain avail panels.
From page 80...
... marble used as masonry, but there are many applications on the interior where these ideas have great potentiality. These projections of research are presented with the full realization that much engineering ancT architectural design will be needed to adapt talent for specific installations.
From page 81...
... This little laboratory, I'd like to mention, has space inside for the erecting of large fuZZ-size structures, one and a half to two stories in height. ~ think we can look for tre THE Structural Clay Products Research Foundation was organized in 1950 by clay brick and tile manufacturers in the United States and Canada to undertake research ain~ecl at improving the competitive position of brick and tile in both present and future markets.
From page 82...
... Because only 4~/2 units must be laid per square foot by the mason, it radically reduces the number of units he must lay per square foot and increases his wall area production per day be; nearly 10040. To date more than 30,000 "SCR brick" hones have been built and the sales curve is still rising sharply.
From page 83...
... Their productivity J ~ increases are resulting in a n~arkecT reduction in masonry construction costs. In the field of laborer economies we have developed a new type of brick and tile package for the handling of our products by mechanical means from the plant all the way to the scaffold position of the mason at the wall.
From page 84...
... before this development can be offered to the construction industry. Another important current phase of activity of the Foundation involves physical research to learn new facts about the behavior of clay masonry walls front a thern~al transmission basis.
From page 85...
... There are many, many masonry schools being built today in all parts of the country for costs of 10 to 12 clolIars per square foot. Further, they provide the school board with yearly savings in the form of low 85
From page 86...
... ~ sin~ilar cost study in Texas employing this concept yielcled an estimated cost of $7.14 per square foot. However, contracts for three schools of this type leave since been let in Texas at square foot costs of $6.7l, $6.86 and $7.25, respectively.
From page 87...
... to develop short cuts that will result in lower construction costs. Space Las also been provided for the establishn~ent of pilot plant production lines such as for the automatic packaging machine and for tee pilot production of pre-cast wall sections.
From page 89...
... Howe: Is any serious work being clone toward structural applications of natural stones, such as prestressed stone assemblages, utilizing new cutting methods and high strength, low creep characteristics of stone?
From page 90...
... M R F ~ s H E R: How permanent are tee penetrating stains to outdoor exposure?
From page 91...
... How are the marble panels attached to tile buiTcling frame to prevent moisture pcnctration, to per~nit structural cleflection, but to be safe in earthquakes?
From page 92...
... F ~ s H E R: Mr. McKnight, are these penetrating stains inorganic colors?
From page 93...
... My picture of a through-wall stone faced composite was not Tectun~ but fount glass nanufacturecT by Pittsburgh Corning Corporation. The many tests we have run for thin natural stone wall panels in combination with insulation n~eclia have successfully passed our laboratory requirements.


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