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Appendix A Excerpts from the National Science Education Standards
Pages 159-172

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From page 159...
... Appendixes
From page 161...
... largely based on systematic observations. As students develop, they may design and conduct simple experiments to answer questions.
From page 162...
... Students should check their expla nations against scientific knowledge, experiences, and observations of others. · Communicate investigations Students should begin developing the and explanations.
From page 163...
... They should also develop the ability to clarify their ideas that are influencing and guiding the inquiry, and to understand how those ideas compare with current scientific knowledge. Students can learn to formu late questions, design investigations, execute investigations, interpret data, use evidence to generate explanations, propose alternative explanations, and critique explanations and procedures.
From page 164...
... This standard requires a subject matter knowledge base so the students can effectively conduct investigations, because developing explanations estab lishes connections between the content of science and the contexts within which students develop new knowledge. · Think critically and logically to Thinking critically about evidence make the relationships between includes deciding what evidence should evidence and explanations.
From page 165...
... competent at communicating experimen tal methods, following instructions, describing observations, summarizing the results of other groups, and telling other students about investigations and explanations. · Use mathematics in all aspects Mathematics is essential to asking and of scientific inquiry.
From page 166...
... The investigation may also require student clarification of the question, method, controls, and variables; student organization and display of data; student revision of methods and explanations; and a public presentation of the results with a critical response from peers. Regardless of the scientific investigation performed, students must use evidence, apply logic, and construct an argument for their proposed explanations.
From page 167...
... These discussions should be based on scientific knowledge, the use of logic, and evidence from their investigation. · Recognize and analyze This aspect of the standard emphasizes alternative explanations and the critical abilities of analyzing an models.
From page 168...
... and what they already know about the world (scientific knowledge)
From page 169...
... · Current scientific knowledge and Different scientific domains employ understanding guide scientific different methods, core theories, and investigations. standards to advance scientific knowledge and understanding.
From page 170...
... Historical and systems function. current scientific knowledge influence the design and interpretation of investigations and the evaluation of proposed explana tions made by other scientists.
From page 171...
... · Results of scientific inquiry -- In communicating and defending the new knowledge and methods -- results of scientific inquiry, arguments emerge from different types of must be logical and demonstrate connec investigations and public tions between natural phenomena, communication among scientists. investigations, and the historical body of scientific knowledge.


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