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From page 193... ... Index A students, xii, 34, 95, 117-118 teachers, xii, 23, 88-90, 94, 95-98, 139, 140, Administrators, xviii, 143, 144, 145-146, 147- 148, 151 149, 150, 152 see also Motivation American Association for the Advancement of Science, 14, 79 Assessment of learning, 75-85 B assessment of students, general, 22, 122, 150 Beliefs, see Attitudes and beliefs assessors of students, 22, 96-97, 105 Biological Sciences Curriculum Study, 17, environments centered on, 122 124 formative, 76, 79, 80, 85 instructional materials assessment, outcomes, 176, 177, 178 C knowledge, 77-78 non-English/second-language English Case studies students, 83-84, 150 teacher professional development, use in, portfolios, 82, 84 104-105 promoting inquiry, 150 see also Vignettes purposes of, 76 Cognitive abilities, 18, 66, 72, 144, 164 questions used in, 76, 79, 81, 82; see also research on, 116, 121-122 Tests and testing see also Logical thinking; Problem self-assessment by students, 48, 59, 80- solving; Skepticism; Transfer of 81, 119 learning summative, 76-77, 83, 85 Communication skills, xii, 8, 14, 43, 161, 165, teacher education on, 96-97 167, 171 of teachers, 22, 105, 144, 151-152 community-centered environments, 122 teaching standards, 22 123 understanding, 77-78 content standards, 19, 20 vignettes, 40, 41-42, 46, 57, 58, 64-65, 78, K-4, 45-46, 103, 104, 161 79, 83 non-English/second-language English see also Outcomes of learning; Research, students, 121-122, 125, 126, 133-134 educational assessment of, 83-84, 150 Attitudes and beliefs, 144, 145-146 parents, 144 instructional materials assessment, 177 promoting inquiry, 144, 145 research on, 117-118, 121, 139, 140 self-assessment and, 80, 81 scientific, general, 14 I N D E X 193 Read the entire page →
From page 194... ... teacher professional development, 103, E 104, 150 teaching standards, 25, 27, 29, 30 Earth and space science standard (Grades 5 vignettes, 45-46, 59, 66, 69, 71-72, 103 8) , 48, 58 vocabulary development, 68, 83, 125, 133- Educational research, see Research, 134, 138 educational Computer-aided education, 164 Elementary education, see Kindergarten to see also Internet Grade 4 Constructed-response items, 82 Elementary Science Study, 17 Content and content standards, 14, 18-21 English as a second language/non-English equipment and supplies, 19, 20 speakers, 121-122, 125, 126, 133-134 grades 5 to 8, 19, 20, 48 assessment of, 83-84, 150 grades 9 to 12, 19, 20 Equipment and supplies, 43, 49-50, 162 instructional materials assessment, 176- content standards, 19, 20 177 instructional materials assessment, 179 investigations, 19, 20 teacher professional development, 90 K-4, 19, 20, 41 teaching standards, 22, 26 logical thinking, 19, 20 see also Instructional materials; mathematics, 19, 20 Technology, use of myths about inquiry-based learning, 36- Ethnic factors, see Minority cultures 37 Evaluation, see Assessment of students; pedagogical, 102-104 Research, educational skepticism, 20 Evidence-based explanations, 4, 8, 161, 164, student-generated models, 19, 20 167, 168, 169, 171 teacher professional development, 88 assessment of, 79 teaching standards, 22 content standards, 19, 20, 21 technology, use of, 19, 20 historical perspectives, 16 vignettes, 41, 59, 60, 70 teaching standards, 25-27, 29, 33 Council of Chief State School Officers, 83-84 vignettes, 44, 47, 48, 49, 53-57, 58-59, 63, Critical thinking, see Skepticism 64, 65, 66, 71, 72 Curriculum, 6, 35, 135-136 see also Experimentation; Investigations; administrators' role, 147 Models, student-generated; assessment, 76 Observation skills historical perspectives, 16-18, 33-34, 124- Experimentation, 14, 164 125 historical perspectives, 16-17, 18 research on, 124-125, 127 teacher professional development, 90, 112 student-initiated investigations, 132 teachers' role, 16-17, 33 teacher education, 93, 105-109, 113, 151- Explanations, 7, 14, 35, 89, 164, 165, 167 152 alternative, 14, 16, 19, 21, 25, 27, 55, 56 see also Models, instructional; Outcomes 57, 66, 71, 118, 127, 165, 167, 171, of learning 176 assessment of, 78-79 content standards, 19, 20, 21 D instructional materials assessment, 176 teaching standards, 25, 27, 29 Dewey, John, 14, 16, 34 testing, 10 Diagrams and drawings, 81 vignettes, 45-46, 48, 55-57, 58, 65, 66, 71 instructional materials assessment, 176 see also Evidence-based explanations; vignettes, 53, 54, 56, 57, 61-63, 72, 74 Models, student-generated; Discipline, 136 Transfer of learning teaching standards, 22 194 I N D E X Read the entire page →
From page 195... ... F How People Learn, 116, 121 Hypotheses, see Explanations Fact-based learning/memorization, xii, 14, 80, 116, 118, 127, 150 vocabulary development, 68, 83, 125, 133- I 134, 138 Feedback and revision Inference, see Logical thinking student, 82, 84 Instructional materials, 15-16, 28, 138-139, teacher professional development, 89 144, 148-149, 191 Field experiences, 66-73, 150 kit-based instruction, 36, 148-149 museums, 92, 99-101, 102, 121, 149 myths about, 36 teacher professional development, 92, 99- safety concerns, 179 101, 102, 111-112 selection, 137, 173-179 Formative assessments, 76, 79, 80, 85 teachers' guides, 175, 177, 178-179, 190 see also Questions technology, use of, 179 Funding textbooks, 15, 16, 96, 140, 148 National Science Foundation, 124, 138- video tapes, 90, 105, 106-107, 191 139 vignettes, 39, 40, 44-45 study at hand, xix see also Equipment and supplies Instruments, see Equipment and supplies Intermediate Science Curriculum Study, 17 G Internet, 138, 176, 189-191 Investigations, 10, 13, 14, 161, 163, 165, 168, Grades 5 to 8 169, 170, 171 content standards, 19, 20, 48 content standards, 19, 20 fundamental abilities, 163-165 frequently asked questions about inquiry, fundamental understandings, 169-170 131-132 vignettes, 92, 99-101, 102, 111-112 instructional materials assessment, 176 Grades 9 to 12 student-initiated, 6-10, 131-132, 173, 176 community-centered environments, 123 teacher professional development, 89, 99 content standards, 19, 20 100 fundamental abilities, 165-167 teaching standards, 22, 23 fundamental understandings, 170-171 vignettes, 7, 40, 44, 47, 51-54, 66, 69 vignettes, 60-73 see also Evidence-based explanations; Experimentation; Vignettes H J Hands-on instruction, general, 138 myths about, 36 Journals, student, 82 teacher education, 93, 106-109 vignettes, 67, 81 see also Experimentation; Investigations Hebart, J., 33-34 High school, see Grades 9 to 12 K Historical perspectives, 14-18, 144 content standards, 20 Kindergarten to Grade 4, 43, 190 curricula, 16-18, 33-34, 124-125 assessment of, 81 instructional models, 16-17, 33-34, 124- content standards, 19, 20, 41 125, 126 fundamental abilities, 161-162 myths about inquiry-based learning, 36- fundamental understandings, 168 37 instructional models, 34 research on inquiry, 17, 34, 124-125 teacher professional development, 95-105 as teaching tool, 56-57, 58, 59, 170 vignettes, 40-48, 95-105 I N D E X 195 Read the entire page →
From page 196... ... Kit-based instruction, 148-149 Motivation, xii, xiii myths about, 36 student-initiated investigations, 6-10, 131 132, 173, 176 vignettes, 65 L see also Attitudes and beliefs Multiple-choice items, 82, 83 Laboratory experiments, see Museums, 92, 99-101, 102, 121, 149 Experimentation Language skills, see Communication skills Learning outcomes, see Outcomes of N learning Life-long learning, 87, 109-112 National Aeronautics and Space Logical thinking, 14, 164, 165, 171 Administration, xix content standards, 19, 20 National Science Education Standards, xii research on, 117, 125 xviii, 8, 10 teaching standards, 26, 29 classroom assessment, 75-85 (passim) concepts vs principles, 132 content standards, 14, 18-21, 36-37, 48, 58, M 60, 70 fundamental abilities of inquiry, Mathematics, 139-140, 164, 165, 166, 169, 161-167 171 fundamental understandings of inquiry, content standards, 19, 20 168-171, 177-178 national standards research, 127 instructional material selection, 173-187 teacher education, 94, 107 laboratory experiments, 18 vignettes, 46, 66 myths about, 35-37 Memory and memorization, 14, 80, 116, 118, nature of inquiry, 13-14 127, 150 process skills, 134 vocabulary development, 68, 83, 125, 133- promoting inquiry, 115, 144 134, 138 research related to, 117, 120, 126, 127 Middle School, see Grades 5 to 8 teacher professional development, 87, 91, Minority cultures, 121-122, 123, 126, 133-134 109, 113 see also English as a second language/ teaching standards, outlined and non-English speakers explicated, 21-33, 134-135 Models, instructional, 6, 10, 13, 14, 21, 33-35 traditional instructional materials, 138 community-centered environments, 122- vignettes connected to, 48, 58, 64-65, 66, 123 70, 72 historical perspectives, 16-17, 33-34, 124- National Science Foundation, xix, 16, 95, 124, 125, 126 138-139 teacher education, 93-94 National Teachers Association, xvii teaching standards, 20, 21, 22 New Standards Project, 79, 84 traditional, 88, 91, 92, 109, 115, 135-136, Novel situations, see Transfer of learning 138, 143; see also Memory and memorization transfer of learning, 35 O vignettes, 39, 40, 47-48, 59, 65 Models, student-generated, 119, 164, 167 Observation skills, 7, 18, 25 content standards, 19, 20 journals, student, 67 diagrams and drawings, 53, 54, 56, 57, 61- vignettes, 47-48, 52, 59, 63, 49, 67 63, 72, 74, 81, 176 see also Evidence-based explanations teacher education, 94-95, 100 Organizational factors, 144-146 vignettes, 53-57, 58-59, 61-62, 71 administrators, xviii, 143, 144, 145-146, see also Hypotheses 147-149, 150, 152 196 I N D E X Read the entire page →
From page 197... ... Parent-Teacher Associations, 8 communication skills, 103, 104, 150 policy-makers, 115, 127-128, 139-140 content and content standards, 88 Outcomes of learning on curriculum, 93, 105-109, 113, 151-152 instructional materials assessment, 176, 177 experimentation laboratory, 90, 112 K-4, 40, 41-42, 46 field experiences, 92, 99-101, 102, 111-112 promoting inquiry, 150 hands-on instruction, general, 93, 106-109 student-initiated investigations, 132 investigations, 89, 99-100 teacher education, 112 mathematics, use of, 94, 107 vignettes, 40, 41-42, 46, 57, 58, 64-65, 78, problem-solving, 106-108 79, 83 skills, development of in students, 89, 90 see also Assessment of learning; Content student-generated models, 94-95, 100 and content standards teachers' guides, 175, 177, 178-179, 190 video tapes, 90, 105, 106-107, 191 vignettes, 88-113 (passim) P Public-at-large, education of assessment, role in, 82 Parents, xviii promoting inquiry among, 149-150 promoting inquiry among, 115, 143, 144, teaching standards, 22 147, 149-150 teaching standards, 22 Parent-Teacher Associations, 8 Q Pedagogy, 17, 21-33, 103 instructional materials assessment, 177-178 Questions, 127, 161, 163, 165, 168, 169, 170 research and, 127 in classroom assessment, 76, 79, 81, 82 see also Models, instructional; Teachers frequently asked questions about inquiry, Physical Sciences Study Committee, 17, 124 131-141 Physics by Inquiry, 93, 190 on questions per se, 131, 136 Piaget, Jean, 34 instructional materials assessment, 176 Policy-makers instructional models, 35 barriers raised by, 139-140 myths about inquiry-based learning, 36 promoting inquiry, 115 nature of inquiry, 13-14 research and, 127-128 teacher professional development, 89 Portfolios, 82, 84 teaching standards, 24-25, 26-27, 28, 29 Predictions, 14, 164, 165 vignettes, 6, 42-44, 47, 50-51, 54, 55-56, 58, content standards, 19 60, 61, 63-64, 65, 66, 67, 71 Principles, see Administrators Problem-solving, xii, 43, 120 community-centered, 123 R motivation and, xiv promotion of, 151 Race/ethnicity, see Minority cultures research on, 116, 117 Research, educational, 115-118 teacher education on, 106-108 administrators, 143 see also Explanations; Transfer of attitudes and beliefs, 117-118, 121, 139, learning 140 Process skills, 125-126, 134 barriers to inquiry-oriented approach, cognitive abilities vs, 18 139-140 see also Experimentation; Observation cognitive abilities, 116, 121-122 skills curriculum, 124-125, 127 Professional development, teachers, xviii, historical perspectives, 17, 34, 124-125 23, 88-113, 137, 139, 140, 140-141, learning environments, 121-124 143, 146-148, 179 logical thinking, 117, 125 on assessment of students, 96-97 organizational factors, 143, 144-146 case studies used in, 104-105 policy and, 127-128 I N D E X 197 Read the entire page →
From page 198... ... , 144-145 105 see also Communication skills; see also Equipment and supplies Organizational factors; Parents Tests and testing, 76, 77, 150 State Collaborative on Assessment and constructed-response items, 82 Student Standards, 83-84 multiple-choice items, 82, 83 Summative assessments, 76-77, 83, 85 teaching for understanding, 124 portfolios, 82, 84 see also Summative assessments see also Tests and testing Textbooks, 15, 16, 96, 140, 148 Summer Institute for Inservice Teachers, 95 Third International Mathematics Science Study (TIMSS) Read the entire page →
From page 199... ... Transfer of learning, 132-133, 170 instructional materials, 39, 40, 44-45 instructional models, 35 instructional models, 39, 40, 47-48, 59, 65 research on, 116-117, 119-120, 122 investigations, 7, 40, 44, 47, 51-54, 66, 69 vignette, 60-61, 64-65 journals, student, 67, 81 K-4, 40-48, 95-105 mathematics, 46, 66 V museums, 92, 99-101, 102 observational skills, 47-48, 52, 59, 63, 49, Video tapes, teacher education, 90, 105, 106- 67; see also "explanations, evidence 107, 191 based" supra Vignettes, xix outcomes of learning, 40, 41-42, 46, 57, assessment of learning, 40, 41-42, 46, 57, 58, 64-65, 78, 79, 83; see also 58, 64-65, 78, 79, 83 "assessment of learning" supra classroom assessment, 40, 41-42, 46, 57, questions, use of, 6, 42-44, 47, 50-51, 54, 58, 64-65, 78, 79, 83 55-56, 58, 60, 61, 63-64, 65, 66, 67, communication skills, 45-46, 59, 66, 69, 71 71-72, 103 scientists, approach of, 1-5, 13, 15 content and content standards, 41, 59, 60, student-generated models, 53-57, 58-59, 70 61-62, 71 diagrams and drawings, use of, 53, 54, 56, teacher professional development, 88-113 57, 61-63, 72, 74 (passim) explanations, evidence-based, 44, 47, 48, technology, use of, 41-42, 43, 46, 48-50, 49, 53-57, 58-59, 63, 64, 65, 66, 71, 66, 102-103, 105 72 transfer of learning, 60-61, 64-65 explanations, general, 45-46, 48, 55-57, 58, Vocabulary development, 68, 83, 125, 133 65, 66, 71 134, 138 field experiences, 66-73; see also "museums" infra formative assessment, 76 W Grades 5 to 8, 6-10, 13, 48-59 Grades 9 to 12, 60-73 World Wide Web, see Internet I N D E X 199 Read the entire page →

From page 193...

... Index A students, xii, 34, 95, 117-118 teachers, xii, 23, 88-90, 94, 95-98, 139, 140, Administrators, xviii, 143, 144, 145-146, 147- 148, 151 149, 150, 152 see also Motivation American Association for the Advancement of Science, 14, 79 Assessment of learning, 75-85 B assessment of students, general, 22, 122, 150 Beliefs, see Attitudes and beliefs assessors of students, 22, 96-97, 105 Biological Sciences Curriculum Study, 17, environments centered on, 122 124 formative, 76, 79, 80, 85 instructional materials assessment, outcomes, 176, 177, 178 C knowledge, 77-78 non-English/second-language English Case studies students, 83-84, 150 teacher professional development, use in, portfolios, 82, 84 104-105 promoting inquiry, 150 see also Vignettes purposes of, 76 Cognitive abilities, 18, 66, 72, 144, 164 questions used in, 76, 79, 81, 82; see also research on, 116, 121-122 Tests and testing see also Logical thinking; Problem self-assessment by students, 48, 59, 80- solving; Skepticism; Transfer of 81, 119 learning summative, 76-77, 83, 85 Communication skills, xii, 8, 14, 43, 161, 165, teacher education on, 96-97 167, 171 of teachers, 22, 105, 144, 151-152 community-centered environments, 122 teaching standards, 22 123 understanding, 77-78 content standards, 19, 20 vignettes, 40, 41-42, 46, 57, 58, 64-65, 78, K-4, 45-46, 103, 104, 161 79, 83 non-English/second-language English see also Outcomes of learning; Research, students, 121-122, 125, 126, 133-134 educational assessment of, 83-84, 150 Attitudes and beliefs, 144, 145-146 parents, 144 instructional materials assessment, 177 promoting inquiry, 144, 145 research on, 117-118, 121, 139, 140 self-assessment and, 80, 81 scientific, general, 14 I N D E X 193

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From page 194...

... teacher professional development, 103, E 104, 150 teaching standards, 25, 27, 29, 30 Earth and space science standard (Grades 5 vignettes, 45-46, 59, 66, 69, 71-72, 103 8) , 48, 58 vocabulary development, 68, 83, 125, 133- Educational research, see Research, 134, 138 educational Computer-aided education, 164 Elementary education, see Kindergarten to see also Internet Grade 4 Constructed-response items, 82 Elementary Science Study, 17 Content and content standards, 14, 18-21 English as a second language/non-English equipment and supplies, 19, 20 speakers, 121-122, 125, 126, 133-134 grades 5 to 8, 19, 20, 48 assessment of, 83-84, 150 grades 9 to 12, 19, 20 Equipment and supplies, 43, 49-50, 162 instructional materials assessment, 176- content standards, 19, 20 177 instructional materials assessment, 179 investigations, 19, 20 teacher professional development, 90 K-4, 19, 20, 41 teaching standards, 22, 26 logical thinking, 19, 20 see also Instructional materials; mathematics, 19, 20 Technology, use of myths about inquiry-based learning, 36- Ethnic factors, see Minority cultures 37 Evaluation, see Assessment of students; pedagogical, 102-104 Research, educational skepticism, 20 Evidence-based explanations, 4, 8, 161, 164, student-generated models, 19, 20 167, 168, 169, 171 teacher professional development, 88 assessment of, 79 teaching standards, 22 content standards, 19, 20, 21 technology, use of, 19, 20 historical perspectives, 16 vignettes, 41, 59, 60, 70 teaching standards, 25-27, 29, 33 Council of Chief State School Officers, 83-84 vignettes, 44, 47, 48, 49, 53-57, 58-59, 63, Critical thinking, see Skepticism 64, 65, 66, 71, 72 Curriculum, 6, 35, 135-136 see also Experimentation; Investigations; administrators' role, 147 Models, student-generated; assessment, 76 Observation skills historical perspectives, 16-18, 33-34, 124- Experimentation, 14, 164 125 historical perspectives, 16-17, 18 research on, 124-125, 127 teacher professional development, 90, 112 student-initiated investigations, 132 teachers' role, 16-17, 33 teacher education, 93, 105-109, 113, 151- Explanations, 7, 14, 35, 89, 164, 165, 167 152 alternative, 14, 16, 19, 21, 25, 27, 55, 56 see also Models, instructional; Outcomes 57, 66, 71, 118, 127, 165, 167, 171, of learning 176 assessment of, 78-79 content standards, 19, 20, 21 D instructional materials assessment, 176 teaching standards, 25, 27, 29 Dewey, John, 14, 16, 34 testing, 10 Diagrams and drawings, 81 vignettes, 45-46, 48, 55-57, 58, 65, 66, 71 instructional materials assessment, 176 see also Evidence-based explanations; vignettes, 53, 54, 56, 57, 61-63, 72, 74 Models, student-generated; Discipline, 136 Transfer of learning teaching standards, 22 194 I N D E X

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From page 195...

... F How People Learn, 116, 121 Hypotheses, see Explanations Fact-based learning/memorization, xii, 14, 80, 116, 118, 127, 150 vocabulary development, 68, 83, 125, 133- I 134, 138 Feedback and revision Inference, see Logical thinking student, 82, 84 Instructional materials, 15-16, 28, 138-139, teacher professional development, 89 144, 148-149, 191 Field experiences, 66-73, 150 kit-based instruction, 36, 148-149 museums, 92, 99-101, 102, 121, 149 myths about, 36 teacher professional development, 92, 99- safety concerns, 179 101, 102, 111-112 selection, 137, 173-179 Formative assessments, 76, 79, 80, 85 teachers' guides, 175, 177, 178-179, 190 see also Questions technology, use of, 179 Funding textbooks, 15, 16, 96, 140, 148 National Science Foundation, 124, 138- video tapes, 90, 105, 106-107, 191 139 vignettes, 39, 40, 44-45 study at hand, xix see also Equipment and supplies Instruments, see Equipment and supplies Intermediate Science Curriculum Study, 17 G Internet, 138, 176, 189-191 Investigations, 10, 13, 14, 161, 163, 165, 168, Grades 5 to 8 169, 170, 171 content standards, 19, 20, 48 content standards, 19, 20 fundamental abilities, 163-165 frequently asked questions about inquiry, fundamental understandings, 169-170 131-132 vignettes, 92, 99-101, 102, 111-112 instructional materials assessment, 176 Grades 9 to 12 student-initiated, 6-10, 131-132, 173, 176 community-centered environments, 123 teacher professional development, 89, 99 content standards, 19, 20 100 fundamental abilities, 165-167 teaching standards, 22, 23 fundamental understandings, 170-171 vignettes, 7, 40, 44, 47, 51-54, 66, 69 vignettes, 60-73 see also Evidence-based explanations; Experimentation; Vignettes H J Hands-on instruction, general, 138 myths about, 36 Journals, student, 82 teacher education, 93, 106-109 vignettes, 67, 81 see also Experimentation; Investigations Hebart, J., 33-34 High school, see Grades 9 to 12 K Historical perspectives, 14-18, 144 content standards, 20 Kindergarten to Grade 4, 43, 190 curricula, 16-18, 33-34, 124-125 assessment of, 81 instructional models, 16-17, 33-34, 124- content standards, 19, 20, 41 125, 126 fundamental abilities, 161-162 myths about inquiry-based learning, 36- fundamental understandings, 168 37 instructional models, 34 research on inquiry, 17, 34, 124-125 teacher professional development, 95-105 as teaching tool, 56-57, 58, 59, 170 vignettes, 40-48, 95-105 I N D E X 195

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From page 196...

... Kit-based instruction, 148-149 Motivation, xii, xiii myths about, 36 student-initiated investigations, 6-10, 131 132, 173, 176 vignettes, 65 L see also Attitudes and beliefs Multiple-choice items, 82, 83 Laboratory experiments, see Museums, 92, 99-101, 102, 121, 149 Experimentation Language skills, see Communication skills Learning outcomes, see Outcomes of N learning Life-long learning, 87, 109-112 National Aeronautics and Space Logical thinking, 14, 164, 165, 171 Administration, xix content standards, 19, 20 National Science Education Standards, xii research on, 117, 125 xviii, 8, 10 teaching standards, 26, 29 classroom assessment, 75-85 (passim) concepts vs principles, 132 content standards, 14, 18-21, 36-37, 48, 58, M 60, 70 fundamental abilities of inquiry, Mathematics, 139-140, 164, 165, 166, 169, 161-167 171 fundamental understandings of inquiry, content standards, 19, 20 168-171, 177-178 national standards research, 127 instructional material selection, 173-187 teacher education, 94, 107 laboratory experiments, 18 vignettes, 46, 66 myths about, 35-37 Memory and memorization, 14, 80, 116, 118, nature of inquiry, 13-14 127, 150 process skills, 134 vocabulary development, 68, 83, 125, 133- promoting inquiry, 115, 144 134, 138 research related to, 117, 120, 126, 127 Middle School, see Grades 5 to 8 teacher professional development, 87, 91, Minority cultures, 121-122, 123, 126, 133-134 109, 113 see also English as a second language/ teaching standards, outlined and non-English speakers explicated, 21-33, 134-135 Models, instructional, 6, 10, 13, 14, 21, 33-35 traditional instructional materials, 138 community-centered environments, 122- vignettes connected to, 48, 58, 64-65, 66, 123 70, 72 historical perspectives, 16-17, 33-34, 124- National Science Foundation, xix, 16, 95, 124, 125, 126 138-139 teacher education, 93-94 National Teachers Association, xvii teaching standards, 20, 21, 22 New Standards Project, 79, 84 traditional, 88, 91, 92, 109, 115, 135-136, Novel situations, see Transfer of learning 138, 143; see also Memory and memorization transfer of learning, 35 O vignettes, 39, 40, 47-48, 59, 65 Models, student-generated, 119, 164, 167 Observation skills, 7, 18, 25 content standards, 19, 20 journals, student, 67 diagrams and drawings, 53, 54, 56, 57, 61- vignettes, 47-48, 52, 59, 63, 49, 67 63, 72, 74, 81, 176 see also Evidence-based explanations teacher education, 94-95, 100 Organizational factors, 144-146 vignettes, 53-57, 58-59, 61-62, 71 administrators, xviii, 143, 144, 145-146, see also Hypotheses 147-149, 150, 152 196 I N D E X

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From page 197...

... Parent-Teacher Associations, 8 communication skills, 103, 104, 150 policy-makers, 115, 127-128, 139-140 content and content standards, 88 Outcomes of learning on curriculum, 93, 105-109, 113, 151-152 instructional materials assessment, 176, 177 experimentation laboratory, 90, 112 K-4, 40, 41-42, 46 field experiences, 92, 99-101, 102, 111-112 promoting inquiry, 150 hands-on instruction, general, 93, 106-109 student-initiated investigations, 132 investigations, 89, 99-100 teacher education, 112 mathematics, use of, 94, 107 vignettes, 40, 41-42, 46, 57, 58, 64-65, 78, problem-solving, 106-108 79, 83 skills, development of in students, 89, 90 see also Assessment of learning; Content student-generated models, 94-95, 100 and content standards teachers' guides, 175, 177, 178-179, 190 video tapes, 90, 105, 106-107, 191 vignettes, 88-113 (passim) P Public-at-large, education of assessment, role in, 82 Parents, xviii promoting inquiry among, 149-150 promoting inquiry among, 115, 143, 144, teaching standards, 22 147, 149-150 teaching standards, 22 Parent-Teacher Associations, 8 Q Pedagogy, 17, 21-33, 103 instructional materials assessment, 177-178 Questions, 127, 161, 163, 165, 168, 169, 170 research and, 127 in classroom assessment, 76, 79, 81, 82 see also Models, instructional; Teachers frequently asked questions about inquiry, Physical Sciences Study Committee, 17, 124 131-141 Physics by Inquiry, 93, 190 on questions per se, 131, 136 Piaget, Jean, 34 instructional materials assessment, 176 Policy-makers instructional models, 35 barriers raised by, 139-140 myths about inquiry-based learning, 36 promoting inquiry, 115 nature of inquiry, 13-14 research and, 127-128 teacher professional development, 89 Portfolios, 82, 84 teaching standards, 24-25, 26-27, 28, 29 Predictions, 14, 164, 165 vignettes, 6, 42-44, 47, 50-51, 54, 55-56, 58, content standards, 19 60, 61, 63-64, 65, 66, 67, 71 Principles, see Administrators Problem-solving, xii, 43, 120 community-centered, 123 R motivation and, xiv promotion of, 151 Race/ethnicity, see Minority cultures research on, 116, 117 Research, educational, 115-118 teacher education on, 106-108 administrators, 143 see also Explanations; Transfer of attitudes and beliefs, 117-118, 121, 139, learning 140 Process skills, 125-126, 134 barriers to inquiry-oriented approach, cognitive abilities vs, 18 139-140 see also Experimentation; Observation cognitive abilities, 116, 121-122 skills curriculum, 124-125, 127 Professional development, teachers, xviii, historical perspectives, 17, 34, 124-125 23, 88-113, 137, 139, 140, 140-141, learning environments, 121-124 143, 146-148, 179 logical thinking, 117, 125 on assessment of students, 96-97 organizational factors, 143, 144-146 case studies used in, 104-105 policy and, 127-128 I N D E X 197

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From page 198...

... , 144-145 105 see also Communication skills; see also Equipment and supplies Organizational factors; Parents Tests and testing, 76, 77, 150 State Collaborative on Assessment and constructed-response items, 82 Student Standards, 83-84 multiple-choice items, 82, 83 Summative assessments, 76-77, 83, 85 teaching for understanding, 124 portfolios, 82, 84 see also Summative assessments see also Tests and testing Textbooks, 15, 16, 96, 140, 148 Summer Institute for Inservice Teachers, 95 Third International Mathematics Science Study (TIMSS)

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From page 199...

... Transfer of learning, 132-133, 170 instructional materials, 39, 40, 44-45 instructional models, 35 instructional models, 39, 40, 47-48, 59, 65 research on, 116-117, 119-120, 122 investigations, 7, 40, 44, 47, 51-54, 66, 69 vignette, 60-61, 64-65 journals, student, 67, 81 K-4, 40-48, 95-105 mathematics, 46, 66 V museums, 92, 99-101, 102 observational skills, 47-48, 52, 59, 63, 49, Video tapes, teacher education, 90, 105, 106- 67; see also "explanations, evidence 107, 191 based" supra Vignettes, xix outcomes of learning, 40, 41-42, 46, 57, assessment of learning, 40, 41-42, 46, 57, 58, 64-65, 78, 79, 83; see also 58, 64-65, 78, 79, 83 "assessment of learning" supra classroom assessment, 40, 41-42, 46, 57, questions, use of, 6, 42-44, 47, 50-51, 54, 58, 64-65, 78, 79, 83 55-56, 58, 60, 61, 63-64, 65, 66, 67, communication skills, 45-46, 59, 66, 69, 71 71-72, 103 scientists, approach of, 1-5, 13, 15 content and content standards, 41, 59, 60, student-generated models, 53-57, 58-59, 70 61-62, 71 diagrams and drawings, use of, 53, 54, 56, teacher professional development, 88-113 57, 61-63, 72, 74 (passim) explanations, evidence-based, 44, 47, 48, technology, use of, 41-42, 43, 46, 48-50, 49, 53-57, 58-59, 63, 64, 65, 66, 71, 66, 102-103, 105 72 transfer of learning, 60-61, 64-65 explanations, general, 45-46, 48, 55-57, 58, Vocabulary development, 68, 83, 125, 133 65, 66, 71 134, 138 field experiences, 66-73; see also "museums" infra formative assessment, 76 W Grades 5 to 8, 6-10, 13, 48-59 Grades 9 to 12, 60-73 World Wide Web, see Internet I N D E X 199

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Key Terms

communication skills

science study

summative assessments

student standards

mathematics science

international mathematics

summer institute

inservice teachers

organizational factors

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Index Pages 193-199

Index
Pages 193-199