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From page 485... ... see also "teenage pregnancy" infra crime and criminal justice system, Blacks, II: 3, 14-15, 29, 39, 4243, 46-47, 311, 323-334 homicide, II: 311, 322, 323-328, 340-341 dropouts, I: 26, 76, 117, 179-180, 423 II: 73, 109, 331 educational issues, other, I: 350-364, 369-384 II: 73 see also "test..." infra I and II indicate the respective volumes to which the page numbers refer. 485 employment, II: 101 firearms, II: 328, 335, 338-339, 361, 362, 363, 364 health issues, general, I: 18 II: 322-339, 340-342, 359-364, 365-366, 367 Hispanics, I: 375 II: 323, 328-331, 332, 361, 362, 363 homicide, II: 311, 322, 323-328, 340-341 immigrants, general, I: 230, 231 mortality, II: 323-327, 359, 361-362, 363364 peer pressure, I: 375-378 II: 331 population age structure, I: 45-48 psychosocial problems, II: 311, 322-339, 340-342 smoking, I: 33 II: 328-331 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 486... ... 486 test scores, affirmative action, I: 323, 334, 335, 337-342 test scores, cross-group comparisons, I: 12-13, 350-364 II: 73-74, 313 violence, II: 311, 322, 323-328 wages, II: 109 Whites, II: 323-331, 335-337, 363 Adults, I: 14 disabled, II: 267 drug use, II: 331, 332, 341 health status, I: 17 II: 371410 household structure, I: 24-25 immigrants, general, I: 230, 231 population age structure, I: 4548 see also Elderly persons; Military service; Veterans Affirmative action, I: 12, 318-347 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 171, 274 attitudes toward, I: 271, 272-273, 274, 282, 292, 293, 294, 329-344 II: 36 Blacks, I: 272-273, 274, 318, 321, 331-332, 334344 II: 5, 9, 10, 36, 75-79, 139, 190, 191, 193, 202, 204-214 classification of race and, I: 326 conference agenda, I: 475 II: 437 criminal justice system and, II: 5, 9, 10, 36 defined, I: 318-319 education, I: 319, 327-329, 332, 333, 334-335, 336, 337-342, 348 II: 198 electoral issues, I: 319, 329-331 employment, I: 271, 274, 319-320, 322, 323-325, 332337, 342 II: 69, 75-79, 104-105, 113-114, 204 funding and, I: 319, 320-321, 322, 324, 325-326, 343344, 426-427 II: 76-77 government contracting, I: 319, 321, 326 II: 204, 205 INDEX Hispanics, I: 14, 123, 124, 274, 328, 335 housing, I: 320, 427 Jews, I: 328, 335 litigation, I: 326-329, 333-334 II: 207, 215-217 local-level, I: 319, 325-326, 331 II: 205-207, 208-213, 214-217 military personnel, I: 15 II: 186 minority-owned businesses, I: 325-327, 329-330 II: 190, 191, 193, 202, 204-217, 219 poverty and, I: 328-329, 338-339, 340 reverse discrimination, I: 324, 326, 327-329 II: 207, 214 set-asides, I: 325-327, 329-330 II: 205, 214-217 state-level, I: 319, 325-326, 329-330, 331, 333 II: 206 test scores, I: 323, 327-329, 334, 335, 337342 Whites, attitudes toward, I: 271, 272-273, 274, 282, 292, 293, 294, 329-330, 331337 other, I: 324, 326, 327-329 II: 75 women, I: 319, 321, 324, 325, 331, 334, 336, 337 II: 113-114 African Americans, see Blacks Age Discrimination Act, II: 77-78 Age factors, I: 44-49 affirmative action, attitudes toward, I: 333 American Indians I: 47, 48, 65-66, 67, 68, 75, 86-87 II: 165, 266, 282 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 48, 49, 66, 68, 81, 86-87 II: 282 Read the entire page →
From page 487... ... INDEX Blacks, I: 45, 46, 48, 66-67, 68, 71, 93, 350-356 II: 9, 13, 4243, 165, 340, 378, 387 disabled persons, II: 267 educational attainment I: 114, 116 see also "test scores" infra employment, II: 101, 144, 146-147 fertility, I: 62-63, 65-67, 68, 69 Hispanics, I: 47-48, 62, 65, 67, 68, 69, 81, 85, 8687, 114, 116, 119, 350, 352-356 II: 58, 165, 261, 292, 378 household structure, I: 25 immigrants, general, I: 47, 49, 206, 208209, 229-232 life expectancy, I: 80-84, 86-87, 93 II: 256, 257, 265, 382-383, 384-385 marital, I: 62, 71, 75, 93 political factors, I: 62 test scores, I: 350-356 wealth, II: 234-237 welfare, II: 165, 167 Whites, I: 45, 46, 48, 62, 66-67, 68 II: 9, 42, 4647, 165, 378 see also Adolescents; Adults; Children; Development; Elderly persons; Infants; Life expectancy Aggregation and disaggregation techniques I: 4-6, 22 II: 59, 228, 332, 341, 343 Agricultural sector American Indians, I: 152 Hispanics, I: 59-60, 213-214 immigrants, I: 59-60, 200-201, 213-214 internal migration, I: 58 see also Rural areas AIDS I: 34, 92 II: 259, 377-378 Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) , II: 153-158, 160, 161-162, 163, 168, 169 see also Temporary Assistance to Needy Families Alabama, II: 28 Alaska, I: 15, 140 Alaskan Natives, see American Indians and Alaskan Natives 487 Alcohol and drug abuse, II: 343, 399 adolescents, II: 311, 327, 328-334, 329, 341 American Indians, II: 320-321, 340 Asians and Pacific Islanders, II: 320-321 Blacks, I: 6 II: 3, 4, 12, 14-18, 26, 29-30, 36-40, 4647, 328-334, 341, 381, 382, 397 cocaine, II: 4, 12, 15-18, 26, 29, 39, 46, 47, 326, 328, 331, 333 criminal justice system, I: 6 II: 3, 4, 12, 14-18, 26, 29-30, 36-40, 4647, 326, 328, 329, 331, 333 fetal alcohol exposure, II: 275, 311, 320322, 340 health effects of alcohol, other, II: 275276, 375-376, 380 Hispanics, II: 328-331, 332, 382 marijuana, II: 16, 39, 328, 329, 333 suicide and, II: 335 treatment, II: 327, 333 Whites, II: 3940, 46-47, 328-332, 381, 382 Alzheimer's disease, II: 288-289 American Academy of Pediatrics, II: 315 An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy I: 103-104 II: 254 American Indians and Alaska Natives, I: 16, 38, 135-169 adolescent violence, II: 323 age factors, I: 47, 48, 65-66, 67, 68, 75, 86-87 II: 165, 266, 282 attitudes, I: 155 Bureau of Indian Affairs, I: 139 businesses owned by, II: 202 census data, I: 42, 137-138, 140, 142, 388 II: 371 children, II: 353, 359, 360 Civil Rights Movement and, I: 153, 159 classification of, I: 5, 41, 137-138 II: 257, 371, 383-384, 387, 398 crime and criminal justice system, I: 34, 35 II: 44, 323, 340, 378, 379 Read the entire page →
From page 488... ... health status, general, I: 135-137, 147, 292 II: 254, 256, 258, 259, 262-263, 276, 383384, 398 see "immunizations, " "infant, " "life expectancy," and "mortality" infra homicide and assaultive violence, I: 34, 35 II: 323, 340, 378, 379 housing conditions, I: 36-37 immunizations, II: 359, 360 income, I: 31, 38 II: 164 Indian Health Service, I: 91 II: 262, 282, 383-384 infant mortality, I: 32-33, 34, 88-89, 90, 146 II: 264, 357, 362, 364 infants, birth weight, II: 319 infants, fetal alcohol exposure, II: 320321, 340 intermarriage, I: 16, 75, 76, 142, 149 II: 293 language factors, I: 142, 149, 154 legal issues, education, I: 149-150, 151 litigation, I: 143-144, 145 remains of dead, I: 154(n.10) , 158-161, 166 tribal membership requirements, I: 139-140, 144 tribal sovereignty, I: 143-144, 145, 146-147, 165-166 legislation, general, I: 16, 143-144, 145, 149-150, 159-162 specific, I: 60, 140, 143-144, 152, 154(n.10) Read the entire page →
From page 489... ... INDEX reservation inhabitants, I: 56, 58, 60, 61, 77,138-139,140, 142, 143-144, 150-151 II: 44, 263 see also Indian Health Service state-level factors, I: 139,140,145,150, 159-160, 251 II: 384 suicide, II: 337-338, 379-380 teenage pregnancy, I: 67, 68, 93 II: 359, 361 tribal affiliation/enrollment, I: 138-140, 142-143 tribal membership requirements, I: 139140, 144 tribal sovereignty, I: 143-144,145,146147, 165-166 undercounting, I: 42, 388 urban areas, I: 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, 61, 71,141-142, 150, 151-152 II: 262-263 veterans, II: 422 wealth, II: 227, 237-238 welfare, I: 15, 147 II: 156-157,164-165,166, 171 Anti-Drug Abuse Act, II: 15, 26 Antiquities Act, I: 160 Apartheid, I: 13, 288, 303-304, 306-308, 309310 see also Jim Crow laws Arizona, I: 109, 140 Armed Forces, see Military service Armed Forces Qualification Test, II: 141 Asian Indians classification of, I: 41,177, 255 criminal justice system, II: 44 educational attainment, I: 180,181, 209 fertility, I: 66 health status, general, II: 266 immigrants, I: 51, 60,175,176,177, 205, 206, 209, 210 mortality, I: 81, 83 II: 263 regional demographics, I: 51, 60 single parents, I: 77 489 Asian Pacific Planning and Policy Council, I: 173 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 16,17, 94, 170-199, 277 adolescent violence, II: 323 affirmative action, I: 171, 274 age factors, I: 48, 49, 66, 68, 81, 86-87 II: 282 attitudes of, I: 189, 209, 223 businesses owned by, II: 202 cancer, II: 373-374, 380, 386 cardiovascular disease, II: 372-373 census data, I: 177-178 children, II: 319, 352, 353 children of immigrants, I: 228-229 Civil Rights Movement, I: 173,174 classification of, I: 5, 22, 40, 41, 170(n.1) , 177-178, 255, 267 II: 257, 371, 384-385, 387, 398 conference agenda, I: 474475 II: 436437 criminal justice system, II: 44, 45 cultural factors, I: 69, 178, 222, 223, 245-246, 260 II: 263, 287, 384-385, 398, 399 demographics, general, I: 23-24, 50, 51, 57-58, 60, 93, 174-182 disabilities, II: 267 education, I: 188-189, 192 educational attainment, I: 174,179-182,187-189, 209, 251, 348, 379 II: 102-103,142,145, 292, 319 elderly, II: 266 electoral issues, I: 170-174,178, 179, 180, 182-193 employment, I: 225, 227 II: 102-104,126,128,129,130-132, 133, 134, 135, 145 fertility, I: 63, 66, 68, 70, 71, 93 funding, electoral participation, I: 171, 172, 173, 192 gender factors, I: 180 II: 102,126,128,129,130-132,133, 134, 135, 141-143, 145 Read the entire page →
From page 490... ... . Intermarriage, I: 75, 76, 177, 178, 259 II: 293 life expectancy, I: 81 II: 263, 266 litigation, I: 173, 255 marriage, I: 16, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79, 177, 178, 259 II: 164, 166, 266, 293 mental illness, I: 178 mortality, I: 81, 82-83, 86-89, 90, 91 II: 258, 263, 265, 266, 371-380, 384-385, 387 naturalization, I: 173, 186, 187-189, 255 neighborhood segregation/ diversity, I: 14, 37-38, 39, 44, 401, 407-409, 411, 414-415, 425 II: 44 INDEX political issues, I: 38, 170-199 population size and growth, I: 16, 22-23, 43, 44, 61, 174-175, 182, 250 II: 352 prenatal care, II: 279 projections, I: 16, 43, 44, 61 racism and discrimination, I: 172, 173-174, 192, 228, 260, 277, 280, 281, 285, 286 II: 142, 390 regional demographics, I: 23-24, 50, 51, 57-58, 60, 93, 178, 215220 research methodology, I: 177-179 II: 367 socioeconomic status, I: 91, 174, 177, 233 II: 385 see also "income" supra state-level factors, I: 171-172, 173, 183 suburban areas, I: 190, 191, 456 teenage pregnancy, I: 68 II: 361 test scores, I: 348 urban areas, I: 53, 54, 55-56, 57-58, 93, 183-184, 187, 214, 216-217, 219, 220, 228-229, 233, 250, 441, 456 II: 44-45 wages, I: 14 II: 102-104, 126, 129, 141-143 see also "neighborhood segregation/ diversity" supra wealth, II: 228, 237, 249 welfare, II: 156-157, 164-165, 166, 390 see also specific groups Assimilation cultural, I: 23, 60, 125-126, 220-221, 222, 223224, 236-237, 246, 258-259 II: 88-89, 287-288, 292, 398, 399 economic, II: 85-88, 224-228 health effects, II: 287-288, 292, 398, 399 Hispanics, I: 125-126 II: 85-88, 102-103, 287, 292 Read the entire page →
From page 491... ... affirmative action, I: 272-273, 274, 318, 321, 331-332, 334344 II: 5, 9,10, 36, 75-79,139,190,191,193, 202, 204-214 age factors, I: 45, 46, 48, 66-67, 68, 71, 93, 350-356 II: 9,13, 4243,165, 340, 378, 387 see also "adolescents" supra and "elderly persons" infra alcohol use/drug trafficking and abuse, I: 6 II: 3, 4, 12, 14-18, 26, 29-30, 36-40, 4647, 328-334, 341, 381, 382, 397 Alzheimer's disease, II: 288-289 attitudes, affirmative action, I: 272-273, 274, 324-344 criminal justice system, II: 1, 5-6, 1415,33,35 health care system, II: 417-420 immigrants, I: 221-222, 253 low-wage work, II: 109 marriage, I: 71, 74, 75, 272 residential desegregation, I: 411412 students, I: 368-378, 380-384 teachers, I: 13, 378-380 teenage pregnancy, I: 66-67 Brazil, racial discrimination, I: 304-307, 310-316 businesses owned by, I: 15, 329-330 II: 175-176,190-220, 239 capital punishment, II: 12-14, 25-26, 33 census undercounting, gender factors, I: 42 II: 387-388 Read the entire page →
From page 492... ... , 115,127, 136-140 (passim) , 145-147,165, 167, 190, 292, 319 see also "test scores" infra education, general, I: 195, 362 II: 247 education, teacher certification, I: 364 elderly persons, health status, II: 265-266 electoral issues, I: 121,186 employment, I: 9-10, 28, 35-36, 56, 58,110,112,121, 183, 222, 422, 423424, 425, 436, 441442 II: 98-101, 134, 165,194,196, 218, 278, 343, 391-392, 397-398 see also Military service INDEX employment, discrimination, II: 28, 3536, 107-108, 222 employment, gender factors, I: 27-30, 423, 424 II: 52-55, 61-73, 75-76, 78-79, 81, 98147, 174, 179, 183, 278, 326, 397398 employment, health risk factors, II: 278, 289-291 employment, impacts of segregation, II: 108-109,110,112,113, 116-117, 139, 144 see also Spatial mismatch hypothesis fertility, I: 63-70 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 493... ... INDEX immunizations, II: 358, 360 income, I: 15, 30-31, 32, 38, 58, 111, 113, 114, 411, 421-422, 425 II: 2, 54, 55, 128, 165, 220, 225, 229-234 infant mortality, I: 32, 88, 90 II: 264, 265, 357, 362 infants, birth weight, II: 318, 319, 339340, 400 infants, fetal alcohol exposure, II: 320321, 340 infants, iron deficiency, II: 314, 315, 339 intermarriage, I: 74, 75, 272, 401 II: 293 jury selection, I: 319 II: 2, 7-11, 33, 41 language factors, II: 386 lead poisoning, II: 316, 317, 339-340 life expectancy, I: 81, 86-87, 93 II: 259, 266, 292, 382-383, 384-385 marriage, I: 71, 72, 74, 75, 78, 93, 272, 422 II: 133, 164, 293, 397-398 mathematics achievement, I: 25, 349350, 351, 353, 355, 356, 358, 359, 360, 365, 366, 367 Medicaid, II: 281 Medicare, II: 281, 284, 392, 413 mental illness, II: 188-289, 381-382 migration within U.S., I: 51, 391-392, 393-394 II: 45, 104 see also "regional factors" infra military personnel, I: 15 II: 174-189, 393-394, 412, 414-421 mortality, I: 32-35, 81, 82-83, 86-89, 90, 91-92, 93, 424, 425 II: 179, 254, 256, 258, 259, 260, 264, 265, 266, 277, 290, 291, 361, 363, 372380, 382-383, 384-385, 387-388, 397, 417-418 music, I: 341, 369, 372-375 political issues, I: 38, 121, 129, 186, 279-280, 302-316 II: 17, 34, 40-41, 78 see also Civil Rights Movement 493 population size and growth, I: 16,22-23,43,44, 61,250,437,438,445 II: 4144, 46, 352 poverty, I: 311, 421424, 425426 II: 55, 67, 116, 218, 225, 274, 292, 324327, 343, 357, 400 prenatal care, II: 279 projections, I: 16, 43, 44, 61 psychological factors, II: 5-6, 33, 35-36, 278, 335, 381-382 race, concept of, I: 246, 253, 256, 257 racial profiling by police, II: 3-7, 23, 2425, 29, 33, 35-36 racism and discrimination, I: 104, 221, 222, 264-267, 269-295, 302316,333,348 II: 106-108, 109, 113-114, 117, 125, 137141, 142, 144, 147, 184-186, 188, 195, 239, 246-247, 367, 369, 389, 390, 391-396, 400401, 420421 reading achievement, I: 349-350, 352, 354, 356, 360-362, 366, 368, 369, 370, 372 regional factors, demographics, I: 23-24, 50, 51, 52, 56-57, 58-59, 61, 218 II: 104, 106 health status, II: 260 urban areas, I: 52, 58, 59, 399, 400, 402403 II: 104 see also "migration within U.S." supra segregation, I: 6, 9, 11, 12, 13, 17, 244-245, 269-272, 273, 278, 279 II: 108-109 educational, I: 269-271 II: 198, 204 employment impacts, II: 108-109, 110, 112, 113, 116-117, 139, 144 health care, II: 281 Jim Crow laws, I: 6, 9, 13, 244-245, 292, 293, 294, 304, 305, 306, 308-310, 314, 395, 402 II: 281 residential, I: 6, 37-38, 266, 270, 271-272, 273, 278, 283-284, 294-295, 392403, 405-406, 409428, 436 Read the entire page →
From page 494... ... I: 12, 14, 264-301, 477 II: 439 I: 16, 103-134, 478 II: 440 Boston, Thomas D I: 15, 478 II: 190-221, 449 Brazil, I: 13, 304-307, 310-316 Breast cancer, II: 383 Brookings Institution, I: 453 Bureau of Census, I: 40, 104 fertility, I: 65 internal migration, I: 56, 58 minority-owned businesses, II: 193, 200 racial and ethnic classification, I: 4-5, 7, 4042, 57, 119-120, 121-122 undercounting, I: 42, 106, 388 II: 387-388 see also Current Population Survey Bureau of Indian Affairs, I: 139 Bureau of Justice Statistics, II: 27 Bush, George, I: 326 Butler, John Sibley I: 15, 478 II: 174-189, 440 C California affirmative action, I: 171, 330 American Indians, I: 139, 140, 251 Asian/Pacific Islander vote, I: 171, 173, 175-176, 183, 184, 251 Blacks, I: 175 II: 43 Read the entire page →
From page 495... ... Cancer I: 91, 92 II: 272, 373-374, 380, 382-383, 384-385, 386, 393, 399, 418 Capital punishment, II: 12-14, 25-26, 33 Cardiovascular disease I: 91, 92 II: 259, 274, 285, 328, 372-373, 380, 393395, 414-415, 421, 423, 424 see also Hypertension Carter, Jimmy, II: 78 Caucasians, see Whites Census data I: 40 II: 371 American Indians, I: 42,137-138, 140,142, 388 II: 371 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 177-178 Blacks, I: 42 II: 387-388 fertility, I: 65 funding and census counts, I: 43 Hispanics, I: 41-42, 57,106,107,119-120,121-122, 338 II: 85 illegal immigrants, II: 85 internal migration issues, I: 56, 58 minority-owned businesses, II: 200-204 segregation indices, I: 110, 419420 undercounting, I: 42, 106, 388 II: 387-388 see also Bureau of Census; Classification issues; Current Population Survey Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences (Stanford University) , I: 1 495 Center for Employment Training, II: 113, 117 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, II: 321, 357, 367 Cerebrovascular disorders, II: 415416, 422 Characteristics of Business Owners, II: 200, 203 Child abuse, II: 343 Children adolescent violence, early childhood prevention, II: 327 American Indians, II: 353, 359, 360 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 228-229 II: 319, 352, 353 behavioral and developmental problems, I: 18 II: 311-344 Blacks, II: 225-226, 289-290, 311-339, 353, 354, 355 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 496... ... , II: 153, 154, 161, 342 Women, Infants, and Children program, II: 315 see also Adolescents; Education; Families and households; Infant mortality; Infants; Parents; Single parents Chinese, I: 5, 6, 209 educational attainment, I: 180, 181, 209 employment issues, II: 103, 128, 130, 131, 132, 135 fertility, I: 66 health care, II: 282 health status, II: 263, 265, 266 immigrants, I: 51, 175, 176, 177, 205, 206, 209, 210, 211, 213, 216-217 marriage, I: 75, 76 II: 266 mortality, I: 86, 90 politics, I: 171, 189-191 regional demographics, I: 51 urban areas, I: 55, 216-217 Cities, see Urban areas Citizenship, see Electoral issues; Naturalization; Political issues Civil Rights Acts I: 114, 320-321, 322, 323, 324, 333 II: 76, 77, 78, 139, 204, 206, 281 Civil Rights Commission, II: 127, 138(n.9) Civil Rights Movement I: 126, 244, 248, 250, 253, 254, 255, 258, 265, 290, 291, 304, 320, 351, 368, 437 II: 286, 380 American Indians, I: 153, 159 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 173, 174 criminal justice system, II: 33, 45 Hispanics compared to Blacks, I: 118 residential segregation, I: 402 see also Affirmative action Classification issues I: 4, 40-44, 57, 119-120, 254-255 II: 371, 424 INDEX affirmative action and, I: 326 American Indians, I: 5, 41, 137-138 II: 257, 371, 383-384, 387, 398 Asian Indians, I: 41, 177, 255 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 5, 22, 40, 41, 170(n.1) Read the entire page →
From page 497... ... , 323-332 hate crimes, I: 412, 427 see also Homicide; Police; Suicide; Violence Cubans, I: 5, 22, 42, 104, 105, 107, 108, 216217, 233 educational attainment, I: 115, 116 employment, I: 111, 112 II: 53, 143 fertility, I: 65, 67 health insurance, II: 280 health status, II: 256, 259, 265, 267 income, I: 113 Read the entire page →
From page 498... ... , I: 40 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 178 Black and Hispanic women, employment, II: 133 employment, II: 137,138,140 health insurance coverage, II: 283 mortality data, II: 387 second-generation immigrants,I: 233 urban areas, I: 218, 233 wages, II: 59-69, 84, 85, 88 welfare, II: 171 D Death, see Homicide; Infant mortality; Mortality; Suicide Death penalty, see Capital punishment Death Registration Area, II: 254 Demographics, I: 1, 15-17, 22-25, 40, 49-51, 56-62, 92-93, 103 American Indians, I: 16, 22-23, 50, 51, 58, 60, 137-138, 140, 141, 165 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 23-24, 50, 51, 57-58, 60, 93, 174-182 Blacks, I: 43, 44, 250, 437, 438, 445 II: 4144, 46, 352 children, general, II: 352-356 conference agenda, I: 472 II: 434 criminal justice system, II: 15, 22, 26-28, 32, 41-44 Hispanics, I: 23-24, 50, 51, 59, 61, 93, 106-110 minority defined, I: 22 race and ethnicity defined, I: 24, 4044, 245-252, 254-255 racism, international perspectives, I: 304-305, 307 regional, see Regional factors see also Age factors; Families and households; Gender factors; Immigrants and immigration; Marriage and marital status; Migration, within U.S.; Mixed racial status; Population size and growth; Rural areas; Segregation; Socioeconomic status; Suburban areas; Urban areas; specific racial and ethnic groups Read the entire page →
From page 499... ... INDEX Dental care, II: 393 Department of Commerce, II: 204-205 Department of Education National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) , I: 25-26, 348372, 380, 383-384 Department of Health and Human Services I: 322 II: 364-365 Indian Health Service, I: 91 II: 262, 282, 383-384 National Center for Health Statistics, I: 85 Department of Housing and Urban Development, I: 417419, 426428, 436, 445, 451, 459 Department of Justice, I: 416 Bureau of Justice Statistics, II: 27 Department of Labor, I: 321, 322 Department of Veterans Affairs, II: 241 Development adolescent, I: 18 II: 322-339, 340-342 childhood I: 18 II: 311-322, 339-340, 342-344 early childhood education programs, II: 111 see also Age factors Diabetes I: 92 II: 259, 374-375, 380, 394 Diet, see Nutrition and diet Disabled persons, age factors, II: 267 birth weight and, II: 318 discrimination against, I: 2 II: 77, 78, 266-267 veterans, II: 411 welfare, II: 154,156 Disaggregation of data, see Aggregation and disaggregation techniques Discrimination, see Racism and discrimination Diseases and disorders, I: 17-18 alcohol, health effects, II: 275-276, 311, 320-322, 340, 375-376, 380 American Indians, II: 60,157, 267 499 iron deficiency and, II: 311, 312, 314-315, 339 lead poisoning, II: 289-290, 311, 315-318, 339 mortality rates and specific, I: 90 II: 372-378 see also Accidents and injuries; Disabled persons; Mental illness; specific diseases and disorders Divorce, I: 62, 71-74, 75, 80 Dropouts I: 26, 76,117,179-180, 423 II: 73,109, 331 Drug abuse, see Alcohol and drug abuse Drug Enforcement Agency, II: 4 Du Bois, W.E.B., I: 348 E Earned Income Tax Credit, II: 115 Economic factors, general I: 14-15 II: 52-53 American Indians, I: 15, 31, 38, 60-61, 145-147 assimilation, II: 85-88 crime, participation in, II: 109-110 discrimination, I: 104 geographic factors, general, I: 17 health care costs not covered by insurance, II: 284, 333 Hispanics, I: 110-114, 124-125 immigration and globalization, I: 207210, 212, 214, 224 immigration networks, I: 213-214, 222, 224, 403 marriage, Black vs White women's attitudes, I: 71 race and racism, concept of, I: 245 regional demographics and internal migration, I: 46, 58, 59, 60 residential segregation, I: 391-392, 409410, 411, 415-424, 427, 428 taxation, I: 11, 445, 446, 450 II: 115,154, 200-201, 227, 238-239, 371 see also Black-owned businesses; Employment; Income; Minorityowned businesses; Poverty; Small businesses; Socioeconomic status; Wealth Read the entire page →
From page 500... ... Bill, I: 10 Hispanics, I: 14, 123, 124, 365, 366, 369, 371 Hispanics, bilingual, I: 119, 123, 124 immigrants, I: 208-210, 234, 235, 236 international students, I: 204, 210, 213 job training, I: 324, 336-337, 460 INDEX medical education, II: 286 parental attitudes toward, I: 379-380 politics of, I: 364 racism and discrimination, I: 8-9, 17, 269-271, 273, 284, 295, 320321, 364, 445 II: 198, 204, 391 see also "affirmative action" supra racism discussed by multiracial group, I: 256-257 school segregation/integration, I: 149-152, 269-271, 273, 284, 295, 320321, 364, 445 II: 198, 204, 391 Whites, II: 246 affirmative action, I: 327-329, 337-342 see also Teachers; Tests and testing Educational attainment/ achievement I: 5, 22, 25-27, 260 II: 56-59, 63, 69-73, 399 age factors, I: 114, 116 American Indians, I: 148, 149, 180 II: 165, 167, 292, 319 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 174, 179-182, 187-189, 251, 209, 348, 379 II: 102-103, 142, 145, 292, 319 attitudes toward race and, I: 12-13 birth weight and maternal, II: 318 Blacks I: 25-26, 27, 38, 116, 180, 222, 311, 348387, 423, 425, 427 II: 56-58, 59, 63-66, 69-72, 78-79, 95, 99, 102, 104-112 (passim) , 115, 127, 136-140 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 501... ... INDEX II: 56-59, 63, 64-65, 70-73, 78, 89, 94, 95, 102-103, 142, 143, 147, 165, 167, 227, 292, 319 Immigrants, general, I: 208-210, 234, 236 job training, I: 324, 336-337, 460 jury selection, I: 13 mathematics, I: 25, 349-350, 351, 353, 355, 356, 358, 359, 360, 365, 366, 367 II: 74, 313 mortality and, I: 91 parental, I: 15, 351, 379 II: 319 quality of schooling, II: 139, 195 reading ability, I: 149, 349-350, 352, 354, 356, 358, 359, 360-362, 368, 369, 372 II: 74, 313 segregation and, I: 17 welfare recipients, II: 165, 167 Whites, I: 25-26, 27, 116, 180, 369, 371, 379 II: 56-59, 63, 69-73, 127, 136-143 (passim) , 145, 165, 319 see also Tests and testing Eggerling-Boeck, Jennifer, I: 40-102 Elderly persons access to health care, II: 278, 282 see also Medicare Alzheimer's disease, II: 288-289 American Indians, II: 266, 282 Asians and Pacific Islanders, II: 266 Blacks, II: 265-266 disabled, II: 267 health status, general, II: 265-266, 283 mortality, II: 264-266 population age structure, I: 45-48 welfare, II: 154, 156 Whites,households, I: 25 Electoral issues affirmative action, legislative districting, I: 319, 329-331 affirmative action, other, I: 329-331 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 170-174, 178, 179, 180, 182-193 Blacks, I: 121, 186 educational attainment and participation, I: 174, 179, 182, 187-188 Hispanics, I: 117-119, 121, 123, 186 501 jury selection and voter registration, II: 10 suburbs, I: 435 voting, discrimination, I: 9 Whites, I: 186, 187, 220 Employment I: 1, 9-10, 22, 260 II: 267 adolescents, II: 101 affirmative action, I: 271, 274, 319-320, 322, 323-325, 332337, 342 II: 69, 75-79, 104-105, 113-114, 204 age factors, II: 101, 144, 146-147 American Indians, I: 60-61 II: 134, 135, 146, 164, 165 Asians and Pacific Islanders I: 225, 227 II: 102-104, 126, 128, 129, 130-132, 133, 134, 135, 145 Black-owned businesses, II: 192-193, 199, 201-202, 218-219 Blacks, I: 9-10, 28, 35-36, 56, 58, 110, 112, 121, 183, 222, 422, 423424, 425, 436, 441442 II: 98-101, 134, 165, 194, 196, 218, 278, 343, 391-392, 397-398 discrimination, II: 28, 35-36, 107-108, 222 gender factors, I: 27-30, 423, 424 II: 52-55, 61-73, 75-76, 78-79, 81, 98147, 174, 179, 183, 278, 326, 397398 health risk factors, II: 278, 289-291 segregation, impacts on, II: 108-109, 110, 112, 113, 116-117, 139, 144 see also Spatial mismatch hypothesis conference agenda, I: 473474 II: 435436 crime, employment discrimination due to fear of, I: 35-36 II: 107-108, 110, 115 education, job training, I: 324, 336-337, 460 educational attainment and, I: 25, 336-337, 460 Read the entire page →
From page 502... ... gender factors, I: 14-15, 27-30, 224-227 see also "gender factors" under "Blacks" supra and "Hispanics" and "Whites" infra government policies, I: 11 health, occupational exposures, II: 278, 289-292 health insurance provided by employer, II: 279-280, 392 highly skilled, I: 208-209, 210 Hispanics, I: 14, 59-60, 105, 110-112, 117, 121, 124, 125, 130, 131, 213-214, 224 227, 441-442 II: 53, 101, 103, 104, 105, 108, 128-135 (passim) , 143, 165, 183, 280, 343 gender factors, I: 28, 29, 30, 39, 224-225 II: 53-68, 71-73, 78, 81-87, 102, 124, 126, 129, 133, 135, 136, 141-143, 146-147 household structure, II: 136, 142, 143 144, 147 immigrant status and, I: 204, 207, 208, 209-210, 221, 224-227, 235, 236 II: 54, 58, 83-89, 94, 102, 142-143 incarceration, impacts on employability, I: 35-36 II: 110, 115 labor force participation, I: 22, 27-30, 35-36, 62, 224-227 II: 100, 101, 133, 134, 137, 143-146 see also Military service litigation, discrimination, I: 323-325, 333-334 II: 77-78, 114 low-skilled, I: 9-10, 31, 58, 110, 111, 112, 125, 221, 225, 235, 236 II: 76, 105, 109, 115, 125, 127, 131-132, 138, 145, 195, 391-392 marital status and marriage, II: 133, 136, Europeans 143-144 minority businesses, II: 192-193, 199, 201 202 mortality and, I: 91 INDEX racism and discrimination, I: 6-7, 8, 9, 14-15, 28, 35-36, 107-108, 222, 271, 282, 320, 321, 322, 323325, 333-334 II: 76-78, 106-108, 109, 113-114, 117, 125, 137-141, 142, 144, 147, 204, 223, 391-392 regional migration and, I: 46, 58-59 research methodology, I: 136-138 segregation, general, I: 17, 422, 423424, 425 segregation, spatial mismatch hypothesis, I: 17, 435-443 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 503... ... , 77, 93 Hispanics, I: 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 77, 93, 107 out-of-wedlock childbearing, I: 67, 69-71, 93, 422, 425 II: 162, 164, 366 statistical techniques, I: 62-63 Whites, I: 63-70 (passim) , 77, 93 see also Pregnancy Fetal alcohol exposure, II: 275, 311, 320-322, 340 Filipinos, I: 5 classification of, I: 41, 177 educational attainment, I: 181, 209 elected officials, I: 183 employment issues, II: 103, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135 fertility, I: 66 health status, II: 263, 265 immigrants, I: 175, 176, 177, 205, 206, 209, 210, 216-217 mortality, I: 90 II: 265 regional demographics, I: 51 urban areas, I: 55, 216-217 Read the entire page →
From page 504... ... , 378, 382383, 384-385, 387-388 Blacks, employment, I: 27-30, 423, 424 II: 52-55, 61-73, 75-76, 78-79, 81, 98147, 174, 278, 326, 397-398 breast cancer, II: 383 businesses owned by minority men, I: 194-195 businesses owned by White women, II: 191-192,193, 203 cardiovascular disease, II: 259 census undercounting, Blacks, I: 42 II: 387-388 crimes and criminal justice system, II: 1, 22, 29-30, 323-326, 331, 378 employment, I: 14-15, 27-30, 224-227 see also "employment, gender factors" under Blacks; Hispanics; and Whites health risk factors, II: 272 Hispanics, I: 28, 29, 30, 39,110, 130, 180, 224-227 II: 53-59, 71-73, 81, 83,102,158-160, 261, 361, 362, 363, 364, 378 Hispanics, employment, I: 28, 29, 30, 39, 224-225 II: 53-68, 71-73, 78, 81-87,102,124,126, 129, 133, 135, 136, 141-143, 146-147 household structure, I: 24 II: 352-353 immigrants, general, I: 206, 224-227 life expectancy, I: 86-87 II: 372, 382-383, 384-385 marriage, Black vs White women's attitudes, I: 71, 74 military service by Black women, II: 174, 179, 183 mortality, I: 81, 82-83, 84, 86-87 II: 259, 261, 363, 382-383, 384-385 prostate cancer, II: 393, 423 race, concept of, I: 254, 256, 259, 279 II: 174 Read the entire page →
From page 505... ... I: 15, 479 II: 152-173, 441 Government role, see Crime and criminal justice; Federal government; Litigation; Public health interventions; Taxation Guns, see Firearms 505 H Handicapped persons, see Disabled persons Hart-Cellar Act, see Immigration and Nationality Act Hawaii Asians and Pacific Islanders in, I: 51, 60, 171, 173, 176, 183, 185, 186, 191 II: 399 Hawaiian Natives cancer incidence, II: 386 classification of, I: 40, 85 II: 371 education and socioeconomic status, II: 271 infant mortality, I: 90, 265, 266 mortality, general, II: 263 repatriation, I: 161 Hawkins, Darnell F I: 6,185,479 II: 32-51, 441 Hazardous materials, see Environmental toxins Head Start, II: 111, 154 Health-care professionals minority, II: 285-287, 295-296 racism by, II: 420, 421 Health insurance I: 91 II: 278, 279-283 accidents and injuries, I: 33-34 II: 282-283, 290, 328, 359, 361-362, 363, 366 Asians and Pacific Islanders, II: 281-282, 283 Blacks, II: 281, 283, 413 discrimination, I: 10-11 II: 392-394 drug treatment, II: 333 employer provided, II: 279-280, 392 Hispanics, II: 280-281, 283 managed care, II: 285 Medicaid, II: 154, 155-156, 160, 161, 163, 281 Medicare, II: 280-284 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 506... ... 506 Whites, II: 280-283, 392-393, 413 see also Managed care Health issues I: 6, 17-18, 22, 33-34, 38, 90-91 II: 253429 access to care, I: 1,6,10,92 II: 278-287, 295, 382, 392, 413, 419, 421 see also Health insurance; Medicaid; Medicare accidents and injuries, I: 33-34 II: 282-283, 290, 328, 359, 361-362, 363, 366 see also Teenage pregnancy adolescents, I: 18 II: 322-339, 340-342, 359-364, 365-366, 367 see also Teenage pregnancy adults, I: 17-18 II: 371410 American Indians, I: 135-137, 147, 292 II: 254, 256, 258, 259, 262-263, 276, 285, 383-384, 398, 422 Asians and Pacific Islanders, II: 256, 263, 272-276, 281-282, 283, 285, 286, 292, 373-374, 380, 384-385, 386, 398 assimilation, effects of, II: 287-288, 292, 398, 399 Blacks, I: 33, 34 II: 254, 258, 259-260, 265-266, 270, 272278 (passim}, 284, 286, 287-291, 295, 314, 358, 360, 381-383, 385386, 392-396, 397, 412, 414-421 children, I: 18 II: 311-322, 339-340, 342-344, 351-359, 366 see also Birth weight; Infant mortality; Infants; Pregnancy classification of racial groups, I: 5 II: 254-255, 256-257 conference agenda, I: 475476 II: 437438 INDEX costs, not covered by insurance, II: 284, 333 Hispanics, II: 256-257, 258-259, 261-262, 266, 270-276 (passim) , 280-281, 283, 285, 286, 287, 289-290, 292, 295, 314, 382, 384, 392-393, 398, 420, 422 immigrants, II: 277, 280, 282, 340, 399 poverty, I: 10 II: 268-271, 277, 291, 292, 294-295, 311, 341 public health interventions, II: 279, 294, 295, 315, 318, 320, 322, 327-328, 333-334, 338-339, 364-369 quality of care, II: 284-285, 295, 392, 393, 412 racism and discrimination, I: 2,6 II: 77, 78, 367-369, 382, 391-396, 398, 400-401, 420421 research methodology, I: 17-18 II: 255-258, 267-270, 283, 293-294, 322, 341-342, 366-369, 382, 383-389, 397-399, 412 transportation to services, II: 278 urban areas, II: 262-263, 276, 277, 284, 293 toxins, I: 435, 436, 443444, 446448, 450-452, 458, 461 veterans, I: 18 II: 393-394, 411424 Whites, II: 259-260, 270, 271, 272-277, 287-290, 314, 381, 388, 392-395, 412, 414-421 see also Alcohol and drug abuse; Birth weight; Disabled persons; Diseases and disorders; Environmental toxins; Fertility; Genetics; Hospitalization; Infant mortality; Infants; Life expectancy; Mortality; Pregnancy; Risk factors, healthrelated; Smoking; Suicide Health Resources Service Administration, II: 364 Healthy People 2000, II: 351-369, 396-397 Healthy People 2010, I: 92 Healthy Start, II: 365 Read the entire page →
From page 507... ... INDEX Heart disease, see Cardiovascular disease Hispanics, I: 16, 38, 103-134 adolescents, I: 375 II: 323, 328-331, 332, 361, 362, 363 see also "teenage pregnancy" infra affirmative action, I: 14, 123, 124, 274, 328, 335 age factors, I: 47-48, 62, 65, 67, 68, 69, 81, 85, 8687, 114, 116, 119, 350, 352-356 II: 58, 165, 261, 292, 378 agricultural workers, I: 59-60, 213-214 alcohol and drug abuse, II: 328-331, 332, 382 Alzheimer's disease, II: 288-289 assimilation, I: 125-126 II: 85-88, 102-103, 287, 292 attitudes of or toward teachers, I: 13, 379, 380 attitudes of students, I: 380-384 attitudes toward immigrants, I: 223 birth weight, II: 319 businesses owned by, II: 194, 200, 203 census data, I: 41-42, 57, 106, 107, 119-120, 121-122, 338 II: 85 children, I: 25, 110, 119 II: 102, 228-229, 289-290, 340, 353, 355, 400 children of immigrants, I: 228-229 Civil Rights Movement, I: 118 classification of, I: 4, 41-42, 57, 107, 119-120, 121-122, 267 II: 255, 256, 371, 384, 387, 398 conference agenda, I: 474475 II: 436437 crime and criminal justice system, I: 18 II: 41, 45, 323, 340 cultural factors, I: 16, 23, 65, 104-105, 119, 125-128, 222, 372 II: 384, 398, 399 see also "assimilation" supra 507 demographics, general, I: 23-24, 50, 51, 59, 61, 93, 106-110 digital divide, I: 25 disabilities, II: 267 I:, 121, 123-124, 125, 221, 228, 264, 274, 278, 280, 281, 285, 286, 420 II: 107, 142, 367, 369, 390, 392, 396, 401, 420 economic factors, general, I: 110-114, 124-125 education, I: 14, 123, 124, 365, 366, 369, 371 educational attainment, I: 26-27, 39, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118119, 143, 180, 208, 379, 385-387 II: 56-59, 63, 64-65, 70-73, 78, 89, 94, 95, 102-103, 142, 143, 147, 165, 167, 227, 292, 319 see also "test scores" infra education, bilingual, I: 119, 123, 124 elderly, II: 266 electoral issues, I: 117-119, 121, 123, 186 employment, I: 14, 59-60, 105, 110-112, 117, 121, 124, 125, 130, 131, 213-214, 224227, 441-442 II: 53, 101, 103, 104, 105, 108, 128-135 (passim) , 143, 165, 183, 280, 343 employment, gender factors, I: 28, 29, 30, 39, 224-225 II: 53-68, 71-73, 78, 81-87, 102, 124, 126, 129, 133, 135, 136, 141-143, 146147 families and households I: 65 II: 352 fertility, I: 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 77, 93, 107 gender factors, I: 28, 29, 30, 39, 110, 130, 180, 224-227 II: 53-59, 71-73, 81, 83, 102, 158-160, 261, 361, 362, 363, 364, 378 see also "employment, gender factors" supra health care, II: 281, 285, 392-393, 420, 422 health-care professionals, II: 286, 295 health insurance, II: 280-281, 283 health risk factors, II: 272-276 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 508... ... 508 health status, general, II: 256-257, 258259, 261-262, 266, 270-271, 292, 382, 384, 398 homicide and assaultive violence, I: 34, 35 II: 323, 340, 361, 362, 363, 364, 378, 379 housing conditions, I: 36-37 housing discrimination, I: 125 see also "segregation, residential" infra immigrants, I: 23, 26-27, 38-39, 49, 51, 57, 84, 91, 93, 105, 107, 110, 112, 113, 114, 122, 127, 128, 186, 208, 210, 212, 213, 214-220, 223-228 (passim) , 403, 406, 425 II: 44, 54, 58, 83-89, 94, 102, 142-143, 226, 237, 277, 280 illegal, I: 107, 214, 223 II: 84, 85 naturalization, I: 118, 119, 127 immunizations, II: 360 income, I: 30-31, 111, 113, 114, 411 II: 54-55, 128, 129, 164, 230, 231 infant mortality, I: 32, 33, 85, 90 II: 265, 357 infants, fetal alcohol exposure, II: 320321 infants, iron deficiency, II: 314, 315, 339 infants, lead poisoning, II: 316, 317 intermarriage, I: 74, 75, 121, 122 II: 293 language factors, I: 42, 118, 119, 122, 130, 208, 221, 224, 349, 350, 354, 360 II: 54, 142 see "education, bilingual" supra life expectancy, I: 81, 86-87 II: 261 marriage, I: 72, 74, 75, 77, 79, 93, 121, 122 II: 164, 166, 293 mathematics achievement, I: 349-350, 358, 360, 365, 366, 367 Medicaid, II: 280-281 Medicare, II: 280 INDEX mental illness, II: 382 migration within U.S., I: 110, 122 military service, I: 183 mixed race status, I: 107, 121-122 mortality, I: 32, 33, 34, 80, 81, 82-83, 85, 86-87, 90,91 II: 256, 258, 261-262, 265, 266, 271, 291, 361, 362, 363, 372-380, 384, 387 naturalization, I: 118, 119, 127 political factors, I: 16, 38, 106, 117-119, 121, 122-130, 131, 186, 253 II: 78 population growth, I: 16, 22-23, 38, 43, 44, 103, 106-107, 109, 122, 250, 437, 438 II: 352 poverty, I: 104, 111, 131, 292, 400 II: 55, 67, 343, 400 prenatal care, II: 279 projections, I: 16, 23, 38, 43, 44, 61, 103, 106-107, 109 reading achievement, I: 349, 350, 354, 358, 360, 369, 370 regional demographics, I: 23-24, 50, 51, 57, 59, 61, 93, 105, 107, 214-217, 218-220 rural areas, I: 59-60, 213-214 segregation, residential, I: 37-38, 104, 107, 110, 125, 401, 403407, 411, 414-415, 420, 425 smoking, I: 33 socioeconomic status, general, I: 104, 110-117, 118-119, 122, 123, 233 II: 52, 53, 54-55, 270-271, 291, 384 state-level factors, I: 51, 107, 109, 129, 175,203,251 suburban areas, I: 438, 456 teachers attitudes toward, I: 13 teenage pregnancy, I: 67, 68, 77, 93 II: 147, 359, 361 television, I: 369, 370 test scores, I: 13, 348-356, 358, 360, 365, 366, 367, 370, 383-387 II: 73-74, 141, 313 undercounting, I: 106, 388 Read the entire page →
From page 509... ... I: 14, 479 II: 98-123, 441 Homelessness, II: 343 Homicide I: 17-18, 34, 35 II: 2, 25-26, 27, 33, 43, 259, 378-379 adolescent perpetrators, II: 311, 322, 323328, 340-341 see also Capital punishment Hospitalization, II: 393 Blacks vs Whites, II: 284-285, 393-394, 413, 415-421 payment policies, I: 10 Veterans Health Administration, I: 18 II: 393-394, 411424 Households, see Families and households Housing I: 1, 22, 36-37 II: 279 affirmative action, I: 320, 427 American Indians and Asians/Pacific Islanders, I: 36-37 Blacks, condition of housing, I: 36-37, 220 II: 226, 238-239, 240-242 discrimination /neighborhood segregation, I: 6-7, 8, 12, 17, 37-38, 39, 125, 221, 226,235,266,270,271-272,273, 509 278, 279, 283-284, 294-295, 391434, 445 II: 44, 110, 113, 116-117, 240-243, 391392 real estate sales, racial profiling, I: 391-392, 398, 401, 409-410, 411, 413, 415-421, 427, 428 funding, I: 426427, 428, 445-446 government assistance, I: 445446 II: 156, 160-161, 163 homelessness, II: 343 lead poisoning, II: 316, 317 low-income, I: 459, 460 ownership as wealth, II: 226, 238-239, 240-243 segregation, impacts on condition of, I: 391 transportation to work and, I: 459460 Housing and Community Development Act, I: 427 Housing Discrimination Study. I: 417-419, 420421 Human Services Secretarial Task Force, II: 365 Hypertension birth weight and, II: 320, 400 Blacks, II: 278, 288, 294, 396, 400 immigrants, II: 399 Illegal immigration, I: 200-201, 203, 204 Hispanics, I: 107, 214, 223 II: 84, 85 Illinois, I: 51, 109 Immigrants and immigration, I: 2-3, 13, 1617, 23, 40, 43, 200-242 adolescents, I: 230, 231 age factors, I: 47, 49, 206, 208-209, 229232 Asian Indians, foreign-born, I: 51, 60, 175, 176, 177, 205, 206, 209, 210 Asians and Pacific Islanders, foreignborn, I: 23, 38-39, 48, 55-56, 57, 91, 93, 173, 175-176, 177, 184-189, 192, 205, 209, 210, 213-220, 223, 227-228, 407-409, 425 II: 44, 237, 282 Read the entire page →
From page 510... ... nationals, I: 13 employment and immigration status, I: 204, 207, 208, 209-210, 221, 224-227, 235, 236 II: 54, 58, 83-89, 94, 102, 142-143 European, foreign-born, I: 103, 203-204, 205, 206, 211, 212, 214-215, 216 217, 222, 227, 258-259 farm workers, I: 59-60, 200-201, 213-214 gender factors, I: 206, 224-227 globalization and, I: 207-210, 212, 214, 224 health factors, II: 277, 280, 282, 340, 399 Hispanics, attitudes toward immigrants, Immunizations I: 223 Hispanics, foreign-born, I: 23, 26-27, 38-39, 49, 51, 57, 84, 91, 93, 105, 107, 110, 112, 113, 114, 122, 127, 128, 186, 208, 210, 212, 213, 214-220, 223-228 (passim) , 403, 406, 425 II: 44, 54, 58, 83-89, 94, 102, 142-143, 226, 237, 277, 280 INDEX illegal, I: 107, 200-201, 203, 204, 214, 223 II: 84, 85 income, general, I: 206, 208-209 Jewish, I: 212, 218 legislation, I: 49, 173, 175, 200-205, 207, 213, 214, 246, 255 networks, peers and family, I: 59, 60, 213-214, 222, 224, 403 II: 107 population growth, overall contribution I: 205 poverty, general, I: 208-209, 220-221, 234 race, concept of, I: 235-236, 246-247 racism and discrimination, I: 218 regional demographics, I: 49, 51, 57, 61, 175-176, 203, 205, 206, 230-233 segregation, residential, I: 220-221, 391392, 403, 407-409, 414, 425 socioeconomic status, I: 206, 208-209, 224-228, 232-238 students, international, I: 204, 210, 213 suburban areas, I: 234-235, 238 urban areas, I: 17, 52, 57-58, 59, 61-62, 205-206, 214-222, 228-235, 246, 391-392, 403, 407409, 414, 425 Whites, I: 186, 219 see also "European" supra see also Assimilation; Illegal immigration; Language factors; Naturalization; Refugees and asylees; specific immigrant groups Immigration Acts, I: 49, 175 Immigration and Nationality Act (HartCellar Act) Read the entire page →
From page 511... ... INDEX American Indians, I: 31, 38 II: 164 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 30-31, 32, 114, 411 II: 102,128,129, 229 Blacks, I: 15, 30-31, 32, 38, 58,111,113,114, 411, 421-422, 425 II: 2, 54, 55,128,165, 220, 225, 229 -234 classification of racial groups, I: 5 conference agenda, I: 473 II: 435 defined, II: 222 Hispanics, I: 30-31,111,113, 114, 411 II: 54-55,128,129,164, 230, 231 housing, low-income, I: 459, 460 immigrants, general, I: 206, 208-209 mortality and, I: 91 national, I: 10 segregation and, I: 411, 421424 single parents, I: 31 suburban vs urban, I: 437-440 wealth and, II: 222, 225, 229-235 welfare, risk factors, II: 164,166 Whites, I: 30-31, 32, 111,114 II: 54-55,164, 229-234 see also Poverty; Wages and salaries; Wealth; Welfare Indian Act of Canada, I: 140 Indian Education Act, I: 152 Indian Health Service I: 91 II: 262, 282, 383-384 Indian Removal Act, I: 60 Indian Reorganization Act, I: 143-144 Indians, see American Indians and Alaskan Natives Indochinese Refuge Resettlement Program Act, I: 175 Infant mortality I: 32-33, 80, 84-85, 88-90, 92,146 II: 264, 265, 343, 354, 356-357, 362, 364366, 399 Infants, II: 311, 312-322, 343 birth weight, II: 264, 279, 311, 318-320, 339-340, 399, 400 511 fetal alcohol exposure, II: 275, 311, 320322, 340 iron deficiency, II: 311, 312, 314-315, 339 lead poisoning, II: 289-290, 311, 315-318 Influenza, II: 376-377, 380 Injuries, see Accidents and injuries Insurance, see Health insurance Intermarriage, I: 3, 85, 94, 247-248, 249-250, 259 American Indians, I: 16, 75, 76,142,149 II: 293 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 75, 76,177,178, 259 II: 293 Blacks, I: 74, 75, 272, 401 II: 293 Hispanics, I: 74, 75,121,122 II: 293 infant mortality statistics, I: 85 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, I: 459 Internal Revenue Service, II: 200-201 International perspectives conference agenda, I: 474 II: 436 mortality and life expectancy, II: 372 racism, South Africa, Brazil, and U.S. compared, I: 302-316 rural areas in developing countries, I: 208 students, international, I: 204, 210, 213 see also Immigrants and immigration; Refugees and asylees; specific countries Internet Hispanics, employment, I: 130 Interracial marriage, see Intermarriage Interstate Highway Act, I: 445 Inter-University Program for Latino Research, I: 128-130 Iron deficiency, II: 311, 312, 314-315, 339 Japanese, I: 5 classification of, I: 22, 40, 41, 177 discrimination against, I: 121,172 Read the entire page →
From page 512... ... I: 17, 480 II: 253-310, 442 Koreans Blacks, conflicts with, I: 222 classification of, I: 41, 177 educational attainment, I: 180, 181, 209 fertility, I: 66 health care, II: 282 immigrants, I: 51, 60, 175, 176, 177, 205, 206, 209, 210, 216-217 mortality, I: 81, 83 II: 263 political participation, I: 183 regional demographics, I: 51, 60 L Language factors I: 267 II: 144 American Indians, I: 142, 149, 154 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 178 Blacks, II: 386 English-language courses, I: 365-366 Hispanics, I: 42, 118, 119, 122, 130, 208, 221, 224, 349, 350, 354, 360 II: 54, 142 immigrants, general, I: 208, 229, 235 II: 88, 102, 386 reading ability, I: 149, 349-350, 352, 354, 356, 358, 359, 360-362, 368, 369, 372 II: 74, 313 Latino National Political Survey, I: 119 Latinos, see Hispanics Lead poisoning, II: 289-290, 311, 315-318, 339, 392 Legal issues, I: 6, 13 American Indians, education, I: 149-150, 151 litigation, I: 143-144, 145 remains of dead, I: 154(n.10) , 158-161, 166 tribal membership requirements, I: 139-140, 144 Read the entire page →
From page 513... ... Bill, I: 10 Housing and Community Development Act, I: 427 Immigration Acts, I: 49, 175 Immigration and Nationality Act (HartCelar Act) , I: 207, 213 Immigration Reform and Control Act, I: 200-201, 202, 203, 205 Indian Act of Canada, I: 140 Indian Education Act, I: 152 Indian Removal Act, I: 60 Indian Reorganization Act, I: 143-144 Indochinese Refuge Resettlement Program Act, I: 175 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, I: 459 Interstate Highway Act, I: 445 Job Training Partnership Act, II: 112 National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) Read the entire page →
From page 514... ... 514 Litigation, I: 128 American Indians, I: 143-144,145 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 173, 255 capital punishment, II: 12-14, 25-26, 33 criminal, see "capital punishment" supra, Lung cancer "racial profiling", and I: 91 sentencing..." infra color-blindness, I: 311, 326-327 education, affirmative action, I: 327-329, 333-334 education, desegregation, I: 321 II: 104 employment discrimination, I: 323-325, 333-334 II: 77-78, 114 minority business set-asides, I: 326-327 II: 207, 215-217 naturalization, I: 255 racial profiling, II: 4-5, 36, 40 residential desegregation, I: 395 school desegregation, I: 320-321 sentencing and incarceration, I: 6, 18, 35, 427 II: 2,11-18, 22, 23-24, 26-28, 29-30, 33, 34, 38, 39, 4048, 327 urban public transportation, I: 460 see also Jury selection Liver disease, II: 375-376, 380 Local factors I: 7, 36, 37-38,129 II: 352 affirmative action, I: 319, 325-326, 331 II: 205-207, 208-213, 214-217 businesses owned by minorities, II: 191193, 202, 205-207, 208-213, 214 conference agenda, I: 474 II: 436 economic development assistance, II: 113 linguistic isolation, I: 235 racist actions of officials, I: 302 research, community-based studies, II: 367 segregated neighborhoods, see "housing discrimination..." under Segregation see also Housing; Peers and friends; Suburban areas; Urban areas INDEX Locke, Gary, I: 171 Lozoff, Betsy I: 18, 480 II: 311-350, 442 II: 272, 383, 385, 386 M Malcolm X, I: 287-288 Managed care, II: 285 Mannon, Susan E., I: 40-102 Marijuana, I: 16, 39, 328, 329, 333 Marriage and marital status, I: 10, 40, 62, 71-76 age at marriage, I: 62, 71, 75, 93 American Indians, I: 16, 73, 75-76, 77, 79, 93,142,149 II: 164,166, 293 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 16, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79,177,178, 259 II: 164,166, 266, 293 Blacks, I: 71, 72, 74, 75, 78, 93, 272, 422 II: 133,164, 293, 397-398 divorce, I: 62, 71-74, 75, 80 employment and, II: 133,136,143-144 health status and, II: 397-398 Hispanics, I: 72, 74, 75, 77, 79, 93,121,122 II: 164,166, 293 out-of-wedlock childbearing, I: 67, 69-71, 93, 422, 425 II: 162,163, 366 out-of-wedlock cohabitation, I: 71 welfare recipients, II: 162,163,164, 166 Whitest I: 72, 74-78 (passim) , 93, 259 II: 133, 164, 293, 401 see also Intermarriage; Single parents Martin, Molly, I: 40-102 Marx, Anthony W Read the entire page →
From page 515... ... demographics, I: 23, 24, 49, 50, 57, 205 II: 104 residential segregation, I: 400 Whites, I: 39,49 Migration, international, see Immigrants and immigration Migration, within U.S., I: 40, 43, 56-62 American Indians, relocation, I: 56, 58, 60, 61, 141, 150, 151-152 Blacks, I: 51, 391-392, 393-394 II: 45, 104 census data, I: 56, 58 economic factors, I: 46, 58, 59, 60 Hispanics, I: 110,122 residential segregation and, I: 391-392, 393-394 see also Regional factors Military service, I: 10,15 affirmative action, I: 15 II: 186 American Indians, I: 60 Blacks, I: 15 II: 174-189, 393-394, 412, 414-421 G.I. Bill, I: 10 testing, I: 141 women, II: 174,179,183 see also Veterans Minnesota, II: 10, 15,17, 28 Minority-owned businesses I: 15, 193, 223 II: 175-176, 190-221 Read the entire page →
From page 516... ... I: 15 II: 174-189 Motor Voter Act, see National Voter Registration Act INDEX Move to Opportunity Program, I: 427, 451 Multiracial status, see Mixed racial status Music, I: 341, 369, 372-375 Myrdal, Gunnar I: 104 II: 254 N Nakanishi, Don T., I: 16, 170-199 National Academy of Public Administration, I: 453 National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (Kerner Commission) I: 322 II: 48 National Asian Pacific American Legal Consortium, I: 171 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Read the entire page →
From page 517... ... , 160-161 Native Americans, see American Indians and Alaska Natives; Hawaiian Natives Naturalization Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 173, 186, 187-189, 255 Hispanics, I: 118, 119, 127 Nebraska, II: 28 Neighborhoods, see Local factors Nevada, II: 43 New Jersey I: 51, 109, 206 II: 28 New Mexico American Indians, I: 140 Hispanics, I: 109 New York State American Indians, I: 140 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 183 Hispanics, I: 51, 109 immigrants, I: 206 minority population growth, II: 402 Nickens, Herbert W I: 17 II: 252, 253-310 Nixon, Richard I: 144, 321, 322 II: 204-205 North American Free Trade Association, I: 127 North Carolina American Indians, I: 140 Blacks, I: 57 Northeastern U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 518... ... .. alscrlmmatlon Population size and growth I: 16, 22, 43-44 II: 402 American Indians, I: 16, 22-23, 61, 135-138, 140 II: 254 Asians/Pacific Islanders I: 16, 22-23, 43, 44, 61, 174-175, 182, 250 II: 352 Baby Boom, I: 45, 62, 63, 65 II: 245 Blacks, I: 16, 22-23, 43, 44, 61, 250, 437, 438, 445 II: 4144, 46, 352 children, II: 352, 353 Hispanics, I: 16, 22-23, 38, 43, 44, 106-107, 122, 250, 437, 438 II: 352 immigration, overall contribution, 205 I: 205 majority group, I: 1, 16, 44 prison population, Black, White, and other, II: 4144, 46 suburban areas, I: 437, 438, 445 Whites, I: 16, 44, 250, 437, 438 II: 42-43 see also Fertility; Projections Poverty I: 31-32, 435, 436 II: 354 Read the entire page →
From page 519... ... INDEX access to health care, I: 10 II: 278 affirmative action, I: 328-329,338-339, 340 American Indians, I: 146 II: 292 Blacks, I: 311, 421424, 425426 II: 55, 67,116, 218, 225, 274, 292, 324327, 343, 357, 400 childhood, II: 354, 356, 357-359, 400 diet and, II: 274 government policies, I: 11 health status and, general, I: 10 II: 268-271, 277, 291, 292, 294-295, 311, 341 Hispanics, I: 104,111,131, 292, 400 II: 55, 67, 343, 400 homicide and assaultive violence, II: 324-327 immigrants, general, I: 208-209, 220-221, 234 immunizations, II: 358, 360 infants, iron deficiency, I: 314 infants, lead poisoning, II: 316 inheritance of wealth, II: 245 military personnel, background of, II: 182,184-185, 187 minority business employment of poor, II: 192 racism and, I: 282 segregation and, I: 421424,425-426 stress effects, II: 277, 278 suburban vs urban, I: 437, 439, 459460 teenage pregnancy, I: 423 Whites, II: 4546, 54, 55-56, 67, 68-69, 359 see also Medicaid; Welfare Pregnancy birth weight II: 264, 279, 311, 318-320, 339-340 diet, II: 274 fetal alcohol exposure, II: 275, 311, 320322, 340 out-of-wedlock childbearing, I: 67, 69-71, 93, 422, 425 II: 162,163, 366 prenatal care, II: 279 519 teenage, I: 62, 65, 66-67, 68, 76-77, 93, 423 II: 147, 340, 359, 361, 362, 365-366, 399 see also Birth weight; Infant mortality; Infants Prejudice, see Racism and discrimination President's Council of Economic Advisers, I: 1 President's Initiative on Race I: 1, 21, 243 II: 3, 6, 21 Prisons, see Sentencing and incarceration Projections I: 43-44 II: 401 American Indians, I: 16, 61 Asians/Pacific Islanders, I: 16, 43, 44, 61 Blacks, I: 16, 43, 44, 61 employment, gender factors, I: 14-15 Hispanics, I: 23, 43, 44, 61, 103, 106-107, 109 majority group, I: 1, 16, 44 mortality, I: 91-92 regional demographics, I: 61-62 Whites, I: 16, 44, 61 Prostate cancer, II: 393, 423 Psychological factors, II: 397 adolescents, psychosocial problems, II: 311, 322-339, 340-342 Blacks, II: 5-6, 33, 35-36, 278, 335, 381-382 Blacks, effects of police profiling, II: 5-6, 33, 35-36 children, II: 311-318 race and ethnicity defined, I: 2, 243-260 (passim) stress due to racism, II: 5-6, 33, 35-36, 277-278, 395-396, 398, 400 wealth, II: 248 Whites, health status, II: 381 see also Attitudes; Cultural factors; Mental illness; Racism and discrimination; Suicide; Violence Public health interventions, II: 279, 294, 295, 315, 318, 320, 322, 327-328, 333-334, 338-339, 364-369 Public opinion, I: 310-311 affirmative action, I: 271, 272-273, 274, 282, 292, 293, 294, 329-344 criminal justice system, discrimination against Blacks, II: 1, 5-6,14-15, 21-22, 25, 26, 28, 32, 33, 34-35, 48 Read the entire page →
From page 520... ... II: 205, 207, 214 Puerto Ricans I: 5, 42, 54, 57, 67, 74, 77 II: 227 educational attainment, I: 114-115,116, 119, 143 employment, I: 111, 112 II: 53,101,104,105,108,130,131, 132, 133, 135, 143 health care, II: 286 health insurance, II: 280-281 health status, II: 256, 259, 261, 262, 267, 357 income, I: 113 II: 55,128, 129 mortality I: 83, 90, 92 II: 265 political participation, I: 119,127-128 regional demographics. I: 51, 57 segregation, I: 110, 406, 420, 425 Q Quotas, see Affirmative action R Racial Justice Act, II: 13-14 Racial profiling police, II: 3-7, 23, 24-25, 29, 33, 35-40 real estate sales, I: 391-392, 398, 401, 409-410, 411, 413, 415421, 427, 428 Racism and discrimination I: 2-3, 6-7,13,17,19,104, 264-295 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 521... ... INDEX health insurance coverage, I: 10-11 II: 392-394 health status and care, I: 2,6 II: 77, 78, 367-369, 382, 391-396, 398, 400-401, 420421 health status and psychological stress due to racism, II: 5-6, 33, 35-36, 277-278, 395-396, 398, 400 Hispanics, I: 121, 123-124, 125, 221, 228, 264, 274, 278, 280, 281, 285, 286, 420 II: 107, 142, 367, 369, 390, 392, 396, 401, 420 housing discrimination/neighborhood segregation, I: 6-7, 8, 17, 37-38, 39, 125, 221, 226, 270, 271-272, 273, 278, 279, 283284, 294-295, 320, 391434, 445 II: 113, 240-243, 391-392 international perspectives, I: 13, 302-317 methodological issues, II: 388-389 military service, II: 184-186, 188, 393-394, 420421 police, I: 280-281 psychological effects of, II: 5-6, 33, 35-36, 277-278 race, concept of, I: 244 reduction of, I: 1, 7, 123, 294-296, 343 see also Affirmative action; Civil Rights Movement religion, I: 39, 49, 61 scapegoating, I: 302-317 South Africa, apartheid, I: 13, 288, 303304, 306-308, 309-310 stereotyping, I: 273-280, 292-293, 305, 333 II: 3-7, 389, 390 see also Racial profiling urban areas, immigrants, I: 218 Veterans Health Administration, II: 393394, 420-421 voting, I: 9 Whites, Brazil/South Africa compared to I I: 13, 302-316 reverse discrimination, I: 324, 326, 327-329 U.S., I: 6, 9, 13, 244-245, 264-267, 269-295, J.S., 521 322, 324, 326, 327-329, 337, 413, 418-421, 425 II: 106-107, 186, 246-247, 389, 390, 391, 400, 420-421 see also "affirmative action" and "crime..." under Whites see also Affirmative action; Racial profiling; Segregation Reading ability American Indians, I: 149 cross-group test score comparisons, I: 349-350, 352, 354, 356, 358, 359, 360362, 366, 368, 369, 372 II: 74, 313 Reagan, Ronald I: 323, 326, 427 II: 76-77, 327 Refugee Act, I: 175 Refugees and asylees, I: 17, 51, 52, 175, 188, 203-204, 207, 211-213 Regional factors American Indians, I: 22-23, 50, 51, 58, 60, 136(n.2) , 141 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 23-24, 50, 51, 57-58, 60, 93, 178, 215-220 Blacks, health status, II: 260 Blacks in urban areas, I: 52, 58, 59, 399, 400, 402403 II: 104 demographics, general, I: 23-24, 46, 4951,56-62,93 economic factors in internal migration, I: 46, 58, 59, 60 Hispanics, I: 23-24, 50, 51, 57, 59, 61, 93, 105, 107, 214-217, 218-220 immigrants, general, I: 49, 51, 57, 61, 175-176, 203, 205-206, 230-233 political issues, I: 454 projections, I: 51, 57 residential segregation, I: 391-392, 393394, 399, 400, 402-403 urban areas, Blacks, I: 52, 58, 59, 399, 400, 402403 II: 104 urban planning, I: 435-436, 453455, 458461 urban/suburban, spatial mismatch hypothesis, I: 17, 435-443 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 522... ... race and ethnicity defined, I: 2-4, 243260 see also Classification issues racial attitudes, I: 265-269 II: 388-389 urban/suburban dynamics, I: 453461 veterans health care, II: 412 wage data from CPS, II: 84, 85 wealth, II: 227-228 welfare, effects of, II: 171-172, 342-344 see also Aggregation and disaggregation techniques; Classification issues; Statistical techniques INDEX Reservations, American Indians, I: 56, 58, 60, 61, 77, 138-139, 140, 142, 143-144, 150-151 II: 44, 263 Riots I: 272-273, 282, 322-323, 368, 445 II: 1 Risk factors, health-related, II: 271-278, 289291, 294, 385, 422 American Indians/Asians and Pacific Islanders, II: 272-276 (passim) assimilation and, II: 287-288, 292, 398, 399 Blacks, I: 33 II: 272-278 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 523... ... , 454456, 458, 459460 II: 108-109,112,113,116,144-145, 147 Whites, I: 37-38, 39, 220-221, 266, 270, 271-272, 273, 283-284, 392406, 409419, 425 II: 392 Sentencing and incarceration I: 6, 18, 35, 427 II: 2,11-18, 22, 23-24, 26-28, 29-30, 33, 34, 38, 39, 4048, 327 see Capital punishment Read the entire page →
From page 524... ... , 333, 397, 399 see also Marijuana Socioeconomic status I: 9, 11, 21, 30-32, 38 II: 54-59 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 91, 174, 177, 233 II: 385 birth weight, II: 318 health status and care, general, II: 268271, 277, 291, 292, 294-295, 311, 383, 388, 389, 391, 397, 398, 399, 400, 411-412, 413, 416417 Hispanics, I: 16, 23, 38, 43, 44, 61, 103, 106-107, 109 homicide rates, II: 324 immigrants, general, I: 206, 208-209, 224-228, 232-238 infant mortality, I: 85 iron deficiencies, II: 314 mortality, I: 85 II: 254 INDEX race, concept of, I: 256 racism, general, I: 302 residential segregation and, I: 391-392, 409410, 411, 421-424, 425 II: 400 single-person households, I: 25, 31 veterans, I: 411412 see also Educational attainment/ achievement; Employment; Housing; Income; Poverty; Wealth South Africa, apartheid, I: 13, 288, 303-304, 306-308, 309-310 South Carolina, II: 28 Southern U.S. criminal justice system, II: 28 demographics, various groups, I: 23-24, 50, 51, 56-57, 59, 60, 61, 206, 396 II: 45, 52, 104, 400 health indices, II: 260 residential segregation, I: 399, 400, 402403 Spatial mismatch hypothesis I: 17, 435-443 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 525... ... I: 12, 318-347, 483 II: 445 T Taxation I: 11, 445, 446, 450 II: 115, 154, 200-201, 227, 238-239, 371 Teachers accountability of, I: 364 attitudes of, I: 13, 378-380 attitudes of students toward, I: 381, 382384 certification testing, I: 348, 364 pupil-to-teacher ratios/class size, I: 351 Technological factors see also Computers and computer science Teenage pregnancy I: 62, 65, 66-67, 68, 76-77, 93, 423 II: 147, 340, 359, 361, 362, 365-366, 399 Teenagers, see Adolescents Television, I: 369, 370 Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, II: 153, 154, 161, 342 see also Aid to Families with Dependent Children Tennessee, II: 28 Tennessee Star Experiment, I: 351 Tests and testing I: 12-13, 348-390 II: 313 affirmative action and, I: 327-329, 333, 334, 335, 337-342 American Indians, I: 348 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 348 Blacks, I: 13, 323, 334, 335, 337-342, 348-367, 369, 370, 372, 383-384, 385-387 II: 73, 74, 105-106, 141, 313 cultural factors, I: 12 health status and, II: 311 Read the entire page →
From page 526... ... , I: 385387 teacher certification, I: 348, 364 Whites, I: 25-26, 348-367, 383-387 II: 73, 74, 141, 313 see also National Assessment of Educational Progress; Scholastic Aptitude Test American Indians, I: 140 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 183 Hispanics, I: 51, 107, 109 immigrants, I: 206 minority population growth, II: 402 Thomas, W.I., I: 3 Thornton, Russell I: 16, 135-169, 483-484 II: 445446 Tobacco use, see Smoking Toxic materials, see Environmental toxins Trade unions, I: 9 Transportation to health care services, II: 278 urban, I: 456, 459-461 to work, I: 2, 456, 458, 459-460 II: 109, 113, 116 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, I: 459 U Undocumented immigration, see Illegal immigration Unions, labor, see Trade unions Unmarked Human Burial Sites and Skeletal Remains Protection Act (Nebraska) , I: 160 INDEX Urban areas, I: 51-56, 58-62, 93, 435436 American Indians, I: 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, 61, 71, 141-142, 150, 151-152 II: 262-263 Asians and Pacific Islanders, I: 53, 54, 55-56, 57-58, 93, 183-184, 187, 214, 216-217, 219, 220, 228-229, 233, 250, 441, 456 II: 44-45 Blacks, I: 52-59 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 527... ... , 454456, 458, 459460 II: 108-109, 112, 113, 116, 144-145, 147 toxins, I: 435, 436, 443444, 446448, 450452, 458, 461 transportation, I: 456, 459-461 welfare, II: 162-163, 165, 167 Whites, I: 53, 61-62, 218, 219, 220, 250, 251, 456 II: 165 see also "neighborhood segregation" under Whites see also Suburban areas Utah, II: 28 V Vaccinations, see Immunizations Veterans American Indians, II: 422 G.I. Bill, I: 10 health status and care, I: 18 II: 393-394, 411424 housing, II: 241 Veterans Administration, see Department of Veterans Affairs Veterans Health Administration I: 18 II: 393-394, 411429 Vietnamese, I: 94 classification of, I: 41, 177-178 527 fertility, I: 66 health status, II: 267 immigrants, I: 56, 175, 176, 205, 209, 212, 216-217 political participation, I: 183 regional demographics, I: 56,57 single parents, I: 77 wages, I: 101, 102 Violence, II: 343, 366, 367, 390 adolescents, II: 311, 322, 323-328 child abuse, II: 343 Civil Rights Movement and, I: 320 employment discrimination due to fear of, II: 107-108 firearms, II: 246, 328, 335, 338-339, 361, 362, 363, 364, 378 race riots, I: 272-273, 282, 322-323, 368, 445 II: 1 racism and intra-White warfare, I: 307308, 309, 313 White hate crimes against Blacks, I: 412, 427 White racial stereotypes, I: 276, 277, 278-280, 305 II: 246, 390 see also Accidents and injuries; Crime and criminal justice; Homicide Voluntary Affirmative Marketing Agreement, I: 427 Voting, see Electoral issues Voting Rights Act, I: 118 W Wages and salaries I: 6, 10, 14, 25, 28-30, 236, 348, 442, 444 II: 52-54, 59-69, 78-89, 94-95, 98-100, 136137, 143, 223 Asians/Pacific Islanders, I: 14 II: 102-104, 126, 129, 141-143 Blacks, I: 14, 29, 30, 38, 222, 306 II: 52-53, 60-69, 70, 76, 78-79, 81, 94, 95, 98-100, 104-110, 115, 138-141, 143, 164, 326 Hispanics, I: 14, 29, 30 II: 53, 54, 60-69, 70, 73, 78, 81-89, 94-95, 101-104, 126, 129, 141-143, 164 Read the entire page →
From page 528... ... , 160, 161, 163, 342 funding, II: 342 gender factors, II: 158-160,163 Hispanics, I: 15, 278 II: 156-171 (passim) , 390 marital status of recipients, II: 162, 163, 164, 166 Medicaid, II: 154,155-156,160,161 noncash benefits, II: 154-158, 160-161, 163, 281, 342 research methodology, II: 171-172, 342344 risk factors, II: 152,153,162-172 rural areas, II: 162-163,165 single parents, II: 162, 163, 164,166,170 Supplemental Security Income, II: 154158 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 529... ... , 77, 93 gender factors, I: 37-30, 81, 180, 256 II: 42, 54, 55, 159, 191-192, 323-327, 336, 337, 361, 363, 378, 382-382, 384-385 529 health care, II: 392-395, 412, 414-421 health insurance, II: 280-283, 392-393, 413 health risk factors, II: 272-277, 287-290, 314 health status, general, II: 259-260, 270, 271, 288, 381, 388 homicide, I: 34, 35 II: 323-326, 361, 363, 378, 379 hospitalization, Blacks vs Whites, II: 284285, 393-394, 413, 415421 household structure, I: 25 II: 164 housing conditions, I: 36-37 hypertension, II: 288 immigrants, I: 186, 219 see also Europeans immunizations, II: 358, 360 Income, I: 30-31, 32, 111, 114 II: 54-55, 164, 229-234 infant mortality, I: 32-33, 85, 88-89, 90 II: 264, 356-357 infants, fetal alcohol exposure, II: 320321 infants, iron deficiency, II: 314, 315 infants, lead poisoning, II: 316 life expectancy, I: 81, 86-87 II: 259 marriage, I: 72, 74-78 (passim) , 93, 259 II: 133, 164, 293, 401 mathematics achievement, I: 25, 349350, 351, 353, 355, 356, 358, 359, 360, 365, 366, 367 Medicare, II: 281, 392, 413, 416 mental illness, II: 381-382 military personnel, II: 183, 184, 186 mortality, I: 81, 82-83, 85, 86-89, 90, 91-92, 417418 II: 254, 256, 258, 259, 264, 266, 277, 290, 291, 361, 363, 371-380, 382-383, 384-385, 387, 394, 397 neighborhood segregation, I: 37-38, 39, 220-221, 266, 270, 271-272, 273, 283-284, 392406, 409419, 425 II: 392 Read the entire page →
From page 530... ... I: 17-18, 484 II: 371~10, 446 Wilson, William Julius I: 1-20, 472 II: 434 Women, see Gender factors Women, Infants, and Children program, II: 315 World Wide Web, see Intemet y Youth Behavior Risk Surveillance System, II: 362 z Zhou, Min I: 16-17, 200-242, 484 II: 446 Read the entire page →

From page 485...

... see also "teenage pregnancy" infra crime and criminal justice system, Blacks, II: 3, 14-15, 29, 39, 4243, 46-47, 311, 323-334 homicide, II: 311, 322, 323-328, 340-341 dropouts, I: 26, 76, 117, 179-180, 423 II: 73, 109, 331 educational issues, other, I: 350-364, 369-384 II: 73 see also "test..." infra I and II indicate the respective volumes to which the page numbers refer. 485 employment, II: 101 firearms, II: 328, 335, 338-339, 361, 362, 363, 364 health issues, general, I: 18 II: 322-339, 340-342, 359-364, 365-366, 367 Hispanics, I: 375 II: 323, 328-331, 332, 361, 362, 363 homicide, II: 311, 322, 323-328, 340-341 immigrants, general, I: 230, 231 mortality, II: 323-327, 359, 361-362, 363364 peer pressure, I: 375-378 II: 331 population age structure, I: 45-48 psychosocial problems, II: 311, 322-339, 340-342 smoking, I: 33 II: 328-331 (passim)

Index Pages 485-530

Index
Pages 485-530