Microbial and Phenotypic Definition of Rats and Mice Proceedings of the 1998 US/Japan Conference (1999) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 13-21
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From page 13... ...
Molecular and developmental biologists put the mouse genome "in motion" and changed the face and potential of animal-based research dramatically and permanently. The impact of the genetically altered mouse, which is still a scientific infant, and its cousin, the genetically altered rat, which is by comparison a scientific fetus, is reflected in their anointment, with "digestible" hyperbole, as the "E.
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From page 14... ...
Additionally, the increased use of animals inherently increases risks to biological integrity from dense housing and increasing exchanges of animals and animal products among laboratories, nationally and internationally. Because worldwide reliance on laboratory rodents will increase for the foreseeable future, internationally standardized criteria and definitions should be developed as benchmarks for the biological integrity of laboratory rodents.
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Those organizations are the ICLAS Monitoring Center, the Association of Laboratory Animal Facilities of National Universities, and the Japanese Society of Laboratory Animals. Breeders and users have established their own quality testing systems using these recommendations as a reference.
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Microbiological monitoring was performed on about 18,000 samples from about 1,700 animal production facilities and animal experimentation facilities. The Center also produced and supplied antigens, antisera, and antibody testing kits as reference substances indispensable in microbiological monitoring.
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The quality control systems are basically different for animal experiments using immunodeficient animals and for those with little burden placed on the animals. Our concept for selection of test items in the microbiological monitoring system of the Center is based on categorization of test items as described in the Manual of Microbiologic Monitoring of Laboratory Animals (US Public Health Service/NIH 1994~.
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There are three large and several small SPF animal breeders in Japan. The microbiological quality of animals in these SPF animal breeders has basically been maintained in good condition free from test items of categories A, B
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From page 19... ...
and C, category A: zoonosis was never found, but contamination by pathogens in categories B and C have been observed in TABLE 2 Microbiological Mon~tonng in Mouse Expenmental Facilities (1992-1996) Facilities Categorya Items Pharmaceutical Universities/ companiesb % B Mouse hepatitis virus 52/599 8.7221/910 23.2 Sendai virus 1/599 0.28/910 0.9 Mycoplasma pulmonis 2/599 0.320/910 2.2 C Pneumonia virus of mice 3/599 0.52/910 0.2 Mouse encephalomyelitis virus 0/599 2/910 0.2 Mouse adenovirus 0/599 1/910 0.1 Clostridium piliforme 0/599 1/910 0.1 Corynebacterium kutscheri 0/599 1/910 0.1 Pasteurella pneumotropica 17/288 5.955/352 15.6 Giardia muris 0/215 1/222 0.5 Spironucleus muris 0/215 2/222 0.9 D Pseudomonas aeruginosa 59/288 24.250/352 20.2 Staphylococcus aureus 80/155 51.126/70 37.1 E Syphacia obvelata 12/215 5.611/222 5.0 Facilities A Dermatophytes0/209 Hantavirus0/51 Salmonella spp.0/640 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM)
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bacillus0/19 1/15 6.7 Clostridium piliforme38/694 5.528/315 8.9 Corynebacterium kutscheri2/694 0.30/315 Pasteurella pneumotropica2/337 0.62/315 0.6 Giardia muris0/204 1/60 0.5 Spironucleus muris1/204 0.63/60 1.7 D Pseudomonas aeruginosa62/337 18.415/315 4.8 Staphylococcus aureus103/145 66.97/21 33.8 E Syphacia muris12/204 5.921/49 45.7 Facilities Dermatophytes Hantavirus Salmonella spp. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM)
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From page 21... ...
bacillus, and sialodacryoadenitis virus. The positive items and their positivities showed the same trends as those in mouse experimental facilities.
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