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Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants Volume 2 (1999) / Chapter Skim
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Summary
Pages 1-6

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From page 1...
... review data on the toxicity of smokes and obscurants and recommend exposure guidance levels for military personnel in training and for the general public residing or working near military-training facilities. The NRC assigned this project to the Committee on Toxicology (COT)
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From page 2...
... In this report, toxicity data and exposure guidance levels for WP smoke are reported as H3PO4 equivalents. The most sensitive toxic response to acute exposure (one exposure or multiple exposures occurring within a short time, usually 24 hr or less)
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From page 3...
... 19 EEGL REGL Brass EEGL Titanium dioxide EEGL REGL Graphite EEGL 15 min 1 hr 6 hr 8 hr/d, 5 d/wk 15 min 1 hr 6 hr REGL 8 hr/d, 5 d/wk 15 min 1 hr 6 hr 8 hr/d, 5 d/wk 15 min 1 hr 6 hr REGL 8 hr/d, 5 d/wk 1 5 0.8 0.09 1.6 0.4 0.07 0.001 1800 450 75 2 880 220 40 Abbreviations: EEGL, emergency exposure guidance level; REGL, repeated exposure guidance level (referred to as permissible exposure guidance level in Volume 1~. fishing the EEGEs.
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From page 4...
... BRASS SMOKE Explosion of grenades containing brass flakes composed of 70% copper and 30% zinc results in the release of these flakes into the atmosphere to block detection of infrared waves for thermal imagery systems. Inhalation exposures to high concentrations of brass flakes are acutely lethal to guinea pigs, rats, and mice.
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From page 5...
... To develop a REGL for TiO2, the subcommittee estimated a chronic human exposure concentration that would not overload alveolar particleclearance mechanisms and lead to adverse effects resulting from accumulation of particles in the lung. As noted above, a lung concentration of less than 4 mg/g of lung would not alter alveolar particle clearance.
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From page 6...
... Data from chronic inhalation studies in rats show that a lung concentration of less than 2 mg/g of lung should not alter alveolar particle clearance or produce adverse effects in the lung. To account for potentially increased effects due to the high concentrations used in acute inhalation exposures, the subcommittee reduced the concentration of 2 mg/g of lung by a factor of 10 and estimated the maximal 15-min, 1-fur and 6-fur exposure concentrations that would result in a lung concentration of less than 0.2 mg/g of lung for a single exposure.
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Key Terms

  • guidance levels
  • lung concentration
  • subcommittee recommends
  • brass flakes
  • particle clearance

  • military personnel
  • alter alveolar
  • toxicity data
  • multiple exposures
  • alveolar particle

  • exposure concentration
  • human data
  • phosphorus smoke
  • graphite smoke
  • inhalation exposures

  • inhalation studies
  • exposures occurring
  • guidance level
  • repeated exposure
  • red phosphorus

  • permissible exposure
  • subcommittee calculated
  • acute exposure
  • potentially increased
  • recommended exposure

  • subcommittee reduced
  • white phosphorus
  • public residing
  • increased effects
  • acute inhalation


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