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Introduction
Pages 1-3

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From page 1...
... The pace of discovery depends on the magnitude of resources available for basic research. Decreasing the number of obstacles that scientists face in getting access to these resources speeds up scientific discovery; increasing the barriers slows things down.
From page 2...
... Second, as long as university researchers were making their findings freely available to everyone, industry was generally willing to provide these basic scientists with research resources at little or no cost, on the theory that the results of the research would ultimately benefit industry. But the Bayh-Dole and Stevenson-Wydler acts of 1980 and the Technology Transfer Act of 1986 changed the rules, allowing universities to hold the rights to patents on innovations developed using federal funds.
From page 3...
... These represent focal points to which are attached many important issues about the practices of stakeholders of research resources and the policies that shape their motivations.


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