Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants Volume 3 (1999) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 9-20
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From page 9... ...
THE SUBCOMMITTEE'S TASK In order to reduce the likelihood that exposure to smokes and obscurants during combat training would have adverse health effects on military personnel and the general public residing or working near militarytraining facilities, the Office of the Army Surgeon General requested the National Research Council (NRC) review the data on the toxicity of 9
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From page 10... ...
for possible repeated exposures of the public residing or working near military-training facilities (referred to as permissible public exposure guidance levels in volume 13. It was further requested that all four guidance levels take into account developmental and reproductive toxicity in men and women and that exposures of potentially susceptible subpopulations (e.g., ill or elderly persons and children)
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Because quantities of grenades and cartridges still in inventory contain the old smoke formulations, the Army requested an evaluation of the toxicity of the four old and the three new formulations. Composition of the Colored Smokes Table I-]
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12 In a' in in a' Q X an ._ by o ~5 a' O 1 A rat Cal CO ~5 a' A o an a)
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Thus, some of the results of chemical characterization of the smoke from the detonated old green grenades and those portions of the toxicity information obtained using the PTA fraction of the old green-smoke formulation are applicable to the new green grenade as well. The new red grenade contains solvent red ~ (oc-methoxybenzenazo-~-naphthol)
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In addition, Army policy requires that personnel involved with production of the MiS colored-smoke grenades and exposed to the pure dyes or smoke formulations wear protective equipment, including coveralls, butyl rubber gloves, head coverings, and respiratory protection.
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, is the major component in the combusted sample. Minor combustion products include 2,3benzacridine-1,4-dione, 2,3-benzacridine-9-one, an isomer of 2,3-benzacridine-1,4-dione, and an isomer of QID.
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From page 16... ...
. For example, in normal work situations, upper-respiratorytract irritation or eye irritation causing discomfort would not be considered acceptable; during an emergency, it would be acceptable if it did not cause irreversible harm or seriously affect judgment or performance.
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For purposes of assessing military smokes and other obscurants, the subcommittee recommended comparable procedures for recommending REGEs and RPEGEs. The steps in recommending exposure guidance levels are similar for EEGEs, SPEGEs, REGEs, and RPEGEs; the differences reflect attributes of the exposed populations and the duration and frequency of exposure.
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From page 18... ...
RPEGEs for possible repeated exposures of a community near a military-training facility are calculated by dividing the REGEs recommended for military personnel by an uncertainty factor of 10 to extrapolate from healthy military personnel to a more diverse population, including potentially susceptible subpopulations. ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT This volume is organized into two major chapters.
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From page 19... ...
Army Medical Research Detachment, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, for Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC. NRC (National Research Council)
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Washington,D.C.: NationalAcademy Press. NRC (National Research Council)
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