50 Years of Ocean Discovery National Science Foundation 1950-2000 (2000) / Chapter Skim
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Out Far and In Deep: Shifting Perspectives in Ocean Ecology
Out Far and In Deep: Shifting Perspectives in Ocean Ecology
Pages 184-191
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From page 184... ...
Advances in understanding of form and function in the organisms that produce m~crofossils would greatly accelerate such progress and can be expected to follow from impressive recent gains in understanding of how body sizes and shapes interact with bacterial chemotactic capabilities and how copepods distinguish prey from predators hydromechanically. Ocean ecology approaches are accelerating toward Gordon Riley's goal for biological oceanography of having parsimonious equations effectively describing in predictive fashion the interactions of populations of organisms with their abiotic environments as well as with each other.
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From page 185... ...
Along with this failure comes a new focus on how and why marine ecosystems change over time and on which changes may contain an anthropogenic component. Coherent, succinct models are emerging of sensory systems and behaviors at spatial scales and Reynolds numbers for which humans have no native intuition at the same time that high-technology sensor systems are being deployed that allow unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution in human exploration of the sea.
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From page 186... ...
. The CNP showed two seasons of enhanced new production, one in winter based on enhanced physical mixing and one in summer based on enhanced nitrogen fixation, and these pulses showed substantial interannual variability (Karl et al., 1996~.
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From page 187... ...
. Moreover, detection of settling particles by coprophagous copepods is found in calculations and experiments to be highly nonlinearly but predictably dependent upon particle size and settling velocity, to the point where detection of the most rapidly settling pellets at natural copepod abundances is virtually certain.
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From page 188... ...
· What are the dynamics of marine food webs, and how will they respond to environmental perturbations? · As models and synoptic data now are used to forecast the weather, can one forecast changes in physical-chemical-biological interactions in the sea that affect fisheries yields, food-web dynamics, and ecosystem services that the sea provides?
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From page 189... ...
Although the paper was not specifically about marine communities, it is worth noting that communities with food webs rather than simple food chains, with omnivores rather than food specialists, with intraguild predation (predation on a competitor, particularly its young) , and with allochthonous food supply are particularly stabilized.
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From page 190... ...
Where could additional effort by ocean ecologists produce the greatest extension and resolution back in time? The successes noted under functional ecology give reason to expect dramatic progress soon in understanding form and function in marine microfossils through understanding of form and function in today's fossilizable organisms.
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From page 191... ...
1998. A predictive model of bacterial foraging by means of freely released extracellular enzymes.
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