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From page 263... ... , 32, 139 Bigelow, Henry, 34, 203 Big programs, see Large-scale programs Biodiversity, 14-15, 185-190, 204 Biological oceanography, 11-21, 28-29, 125, 129, 144, 170, 180, 184-191 Alvin, 69-70 bacteria, 18, 20, 69, 76, 77, 78, 82, 83, 125, 187-188 benthos and benthic habitat, 14-15, 69-70 Carbon dioxide, 16-17, 18-19, 26-27, 28-29, 32, copepods, 16, 17, 68-69, 186-188 131, 139, 159-160, 170-171, 176, 193 fisheries, 11, 17-19, 89, 90, 138, 193, 204 GEOSECS, 153-157 funding, 3, 4, 5, 12, 246 iron hypothesis, 16-17, 37-38 interdisciplinary research, 17, 19 Caribbean Sea, 26, 75, 119, 120, 126-127 models and modeling, 19, 187 Central North Pacific Gyre, 185, 186, 189 NSF efforts, 3, 4, 5, 11-21, 88-89, 91, 92, 93 Centre National pour ['Exploitation de Oceans, 94, 97, 98, 99, 102, 103, 184-185 71, 81 ocean color, 13-14, 159-160 Chemical oceanography, 22-43, 102, 144, 152 161, 169-171, 172-173, 180 Atlantic Ocean, 29, 154-155, 160 biogeochemical cycles, 14, 15, 16-17, 18-19 climate change, 26-27 geochemical cycles, 24 IDOE, 29, 33, 34, 39, 144, 150, 153, 158 interdisciplinary research, 171 iron hypothesis, 16- 17, 37-38 models, 27 NSF funding, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31-34 (passim) , 37, 38, 153, 154, 246 NSF programs, 22, 25-43, 88, 92, 103, 153 Bjerknes, Jacob, 48, 212 Board on Ocean Sciences and Policy, 204 Ocean Affairs Board, 204 Ocean Policy Committee, 204 Ocean Sciences Board, 148, 204 Ocean Studies Board, 11, 23, 87, 88, 159, 192, 204-205, 214, 215 Boledovich, Glenn, 201-206 Brewer, Peter, 19, 29, 30, 152-161 Broecker, Wallace (Wally) Read the entire page →
From page 264... ... , 14, 15, 17 E Earthquakes, 57, 59, 71, 121, 126, 173, 180 Economic Benefits of Oceanographic Research, 90, 203 Economic issues, 5, 201, 206, 215 Atlantic Ocean, geochemical monitoring, 29 cost-effectiveness, 7, 8, 131, 181-182 public education, 181- 182 ships, 90, 96, 101, 111-112, 129, 146, 180 181 see also Funding Edge waves, 46 Edmond, John, 29, 30, 34, 75 Education and training, 5, 97, 165, 171, 192- 193, 195-200, 214-215 graduate education, 38, 63, 165, 193, 195 199 National Academy of Sciences, 195-197 public education, 181-182, 198, 199, 214-215 symposium program agenda, 221 see also Academic research; specific institutions Effective Use of the Sea, 90 Ekman spiral, 45, 46 E1 Nino-Southern Oscillation, 48, 165, 166, 182, 186, 193, 199, 205-206, 207, 211-212 Emery, K.O., 26, 53, 69, 71 Endangered Species Act, 204 Environmental protection, 11, 30-32, 33, 173, 184-191, 202, 206, 246 global climate change, 26-27, 131, 150, 151, 170-171, 176-178, 185 CLIMAP, 7-8, 60, 61, 144, 146, 147, 150, 176 greenhouse gases, 26-27, 28-29, 131, 153-157, 170-171, 193; see also Carbon dioxide sea level, 69, 173, 177 human health, 215 IDOE, 33, 34, 150 lead pollution, 30, 37 oil pollution, 30-32, 34, 120 radioactivity, 27-28, 30, 33, 39, 153-154, 156, 159 trace metals, 30, 37, 186 Environmental Protection Agency, 34, 39, 204 Equipment, see Facilities for research Eppley, Richard (Dick) , 15, 17 Ewing, Maurice, 4, 6, 13, 27, 53-57, 71, 108, 114, 118, 120 Exclusive Economic Zone, 206 F Facilities for research, 7, 8, 20, 48, 99, 103, 128133, 167, 171, 180-182, 192, 193 acoustic, 45, 46, 47, 48 computer technology, 48, 56, 91, 115, 131, 169, 182, 193 deep-ocean mooring, 46, 48, 131 interdisciplinary research and, 130 Internet, 23, 115, 169, 182 National Oceanographic Laboratory System (NOLS) Read the entire page →
From page 265... ... , 56, 64, 197 Hutchinson, G Evelyn, 11, 25, 28 Hydrography, 25, 45, 152, 159 Hydrothermal vents, see Vents l Indian Ocean, 15, 89, 93, 94, 95, 110, 125, 141, 142- 143, 152- 153 GEOSECS, 156-157 In situ observations and experiments, 20 deep-ocean mooring, 46, 48, 131 see also Deep sea drilling; Facilities for research; Ships Institutional factors, 3-8, 11, 63, 87-133, 192 194, 201-206 chemical oceanography, 23 marine geology and geophysics, 54-56 peer review, 6, 8, 102, 132, 147-148, 166 symposium program, 220, 222 see also Education and training; Interdisciplinary research; Large-scale programs; Small-scale programs; specific institutions Instrumentation, see Facilities for research; Technological developments Interagency Committee on Oceanography, 88, 89, 90, 93, 98 Interdisciplinary research, 3, 5, 7, 52, 72, 96, 97, 194, 214 biological oceanography, 17, 19 chemical oceanography, 171 large-scale programs, 137 physical oceanography, 166, 175 RIDGE, 63 technological development and facilities, 130 Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, 144, 154 Internal waves, 46, 48 The International Aspects of Oceanography, 203, 206 International Council for Science, 154 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, 24 International Council of Scientific Unions, 71, 89, 141, 142, 159 see also International Geophysical Year chemical oceanography, 29, 33, 34, 39, 144, 150, 153, 158 funding, 144-146, 147 marine geology and geophysics, 62, 144, 146, 147 marine pollution, 33, 34, 150 National Academy of Sciences, 144, 146, 148 ONR, 146 technological developments, 129, 131 International Geophysical Year (1957-1958) Read the entire page →
From page 266... ... , 90, 95, 110, 111, 112 McNutt, Marcia, 51 - 64, 172- 183 Mediterranean Deep Ocean Convection experiment, 47-48 Mediterranean Sea, other, 125 Melville, 79, 80, 82 Menard, Henry W., 54, 55, 57, 59 Menzel, David, 29, 32, 113, 152 Merrell, William (Bill) , 149, 201-206, 212 Mesoscale analyses, 45-46, 167, 168 Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment, 7, 46, 144, 212 Military applications, 201, 206 academic funding, Mansfield Amendment, 3, 5, 8, 101 Cold War, 12, 93, 94 nuclear weapons testing, 27-28, 153-154 nuclear weapons testing, 27-28, 153-154 Vietnam War, 101 World War I, 202-203 World War II, 3, 45, 203-204 chemical oceanography, 24-25 geology and geophysics, 52-53, 120 Mixed Layer Experiment, 45 MODE, 146, 147, 150 Models and modeling, 46, 168, 193 biological oceanography, 19, 187 chemical oceanography, 27 ecosystems, 185 E1 Nino, 165, 166 general circulation, 46 geophysical, 172, 173 large-scale programs, 137 ocean-atmosphere coupling, 19, 168 salinity, 34 steady circulation, 44 technology and facilities, 129-130 thermodynamic, 153 see also Computer technology Mohole, see Project Mohole Morrill Land Grant Act, 195 Multidisciplinary research, see Interdisciplinary research Munk, Walter, 3, 44-50, 53, 55, 64, 117, 118, 127, 150, 204, 213 Mussel Watch Program, 34, 39 N National Academy of Engineering, 144 National Academy of Sciences, 88, 89, 90, 93, 94, 98, 100, 117, 192, 202-206, 215216 bathyscaphe, 67 education in oceanography, 195-197 ICO, 88, 89, 90, 93, 98 IDOE, 144, 146, 148 IGY, 141-142 Marine Chemistry Panel, 32 NASCO, 88, 89, 90, 94, 98, 108-109, 111 Ocean Studies Board, 23, 159, 204-205, 215 WOCE, 159 see also National Research Council National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 13-14, 57, 93, 131, 132, 159, 212, 213 National Association of Marine Laboratories, 204 National Center for Atmospheric Research, 6, 7, 102 National Council of Marine Resources and Engineering, 108, 143, 146 see also Marine Resources and Engineering Development Act National Institute of Environmental Health Services, 215 National Marine Sanctuaries Act, 204 National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility, 131 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 3, 5, 34, 90, 95, 101, 102, 109-110, 132, 197, 204, 212, 213, 215 National Oceanographic Data Center, 193 National Oceanographic Laboratory System, 101, 102, 107, 109-112 National Oceanographic Parnership Act, 205 National Oceanographic Program, 88, 91 National Oceanographic Partnership Program, 205, 206 National Research Council, 23, 72, 84, 143, 159, 192, 202, 206, 214 see also National Academy of Sciences National Science Foundation, iii, 93-95, 192194, 196 administrative history, 96-106 Read the entire page →
From page 267... ... , 90, 107, 109, 197, 204 p Pacific Ocean, 3, 29-30 Central North Pacific Gyre, 185, 186, 189 copper, 37 core drilling, 120-121, 122 GEOSECS, 156 hydrography, 45 North Pacific Experiment, 146, 147, 150 in situ biological oceanography, 20 iron hypothesis, 16-17 nuclear weapons testing, 27-28, 153-154 vents, 12-13, 34, 73-83 Paleoceanography, other, 124-125, 139, 176-177 see also Deep sea drilling Paleoclimatology, 51, 52, 54-55, 59-61, 69, 139, 171, 173, 176, 177-178 Particulate matter, 34, 36-37, 138 Peer review, 6, 8, 102, 132, 147-148, 166 Photochemistry, 36, 170 Physical oceanography, 15, 44-50, 102, 144, 149-151, 165-168, 219, 221 interdisciplinary, 166, 175 NSF funding, 44, 48, 165-166, 246 NSF programs, 15, 44-50, 92, 103, 165 ONR, 44 technological developments, 44, 46, 48-49 see also Ocean circulation; Marine geology and geophysics Phytoplankton, 13, 14, 16, 186 Piccard, Jacques, 4, 67 Plankton, 16, 28, 124, 131-132, 184, 186 Plate tectonics, iii, 12, 51, 54, 57-59, 71, 120, 139, 172, 173-175 earthquakes, 57, 59, 71, 121, 126, 173, 180 vents, 12-13, 34, 73-83, 179-180 see also Deep sea drilling Pollution, see Environmental protection POLYMODE, 146, 147, 150 Productivity, see Oceanic productivity Project Mohole, 99-100, 101, 117-119, 122, 123 Purdy, G Michael, 6(n.13) Read the entire page →
From page 268... ... , 29, 39, 44, 45-46, 47, 49, 113, 138, 153, 154-155, 156, 212 Sverdrup, Harold, 3, 6, 23, 44, 45, 48, 49, 52 Submersibles, see Bathyscaphs and other submersibles Surface waves, 46-47, 48 T Takahashi, Taro, 156-157 Talwani, Manik, 55, 71 Teal, John 30, 31 TOGA-TAO, 149, 151, 167 Technological developments, 128-133, 193 biological oceanography, 18 chemical oceanography, 22, 30, 171 computer technology, 48, 56, 91, 115, 131, 169, 193 geology and geophysics, 52; see also Deep sea drilling IDOE, 129, 131 NSF funding, 131, 132, 193, 246 NSF model, 129- 133 physical oceanography, 44, 46, 48-49 sonar, 3, 68, 75, 79, 131 sounding, 3, 75, 120 spectrometric techniques, 15, 30, 60, 61, 130 131, 138 see also Bathyscaphs and other submersibles; Computer technology; Facilities for research; Ships Temperature studies, 3, 47, 48, 52, 69, 128, 129, 138, 139, 153, 167-168, 172 vents, 12-13, 34, 73-83 volcanism, 30, 57, 59, 71, 72, 73, 75, 125 126, 172, 173-174, 179-180 Texas A&M University, 6, 109, 142, 203 Thermoclines, 3, 138, 172 Tides, 47 Time-series analyses, 37, 165, 184, 189-190 TOPEX/POSEIDON, 165, 166-167, 212 Toye, Sandra, 5, 65-66, 95, 96-106 Trace metals, 30, 37, 186 Training, see Education and training Transactions of the American Geophysical United Nations, 102, 144, 154 see also International Decade for Ocean Exploration United Nations Law of the Sea Convention, 108, 204 Universities and colleges, see Academic research; specific institutions University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, 169 University-National Laboratories (UNL) , 95, 107, 109 University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) Read the entire page →
From page 269... ... INDEX geology and geophysics, 55, 56, 62, 63, 73, 74, 142 Gulf Stream, 3 International Indian Ocean Expedition, 143 mass spectrometry, 131 satellite technology, 49 ships, 56, 94, 109 Wooster, Warren, 14, 113 World Climate Research Program, 150 World Ocean Circulation Experiment, 29, 30, 131, 149, 151, 159, 165 World War I, 202-203 World War II, 3, 45, 203-204 chemical oceanography, 24-25 geology and geophysics, 52-53, 120 269 World Wide Web, see Internet Wunsch, Carl, 45, 159, 204, 212 y Yale University, 147 Year of the Ocean, 11, 205, 211, 213 Young, William, 165-168 z Zooplankton, 16, 186 Read the entire page →
From page 270... ... Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Read the entire page →

From page 263...

... , 32, 139 Bigelow, Henry, 34, 203 Big programs, see Large-scale programs Biodiversity, 14-15, 185-190, 204 Biological oceanography, 11-21, 28-29, 125, 129, 144, 170, 180, 184-191 Alvin, 69-70 bacteria, 18, 20, 69, 76, 77, 78, 82, 83, 125, 187-188 benthos and benthic habitat, 14-15, 69-70 Carbon dioxide, 16-17, 18-19, 26-27, 28-29, 32, copepods, 16, 17, 68-69, 186-188 131, 139, 159-160, 170-171, 176, 193 fisheries, 11, 17-19, 89, 90, 138, 193, 204 GEOSECS, 153-157 funding, 3, 4, 5, 12, 246 iron hypothesis, 16-17, 37-38 interdisciplinary research, 17, 19 Caribbean Sea, 26, 75, 119, 120, 126-127 models and modeling, 19, 187 Central North Pacific Gyre, 185, 186, 189 NSF efforts, 3, 4, 5, 11-21, 88-89, 91, 92, 93 Centre National pour ['Exploitation de Oceans, 94, 97, 98, 99, 102, 103, 184-185 71, 81 ocean color, 13-14, 159-160 Chemical oceanography, 22-43, 102, 144, 152 161, 169-171, 172-173, 180 Atlantic Ocean, 29, 154-155, 160 biogeochemical cycles, 14, 15, 16-17, 18-19 climate change, 26-27 geochemical cycles, 24 IDOE, 29, 33, 34, 39, 144, 150, 153, 158 interdisciplinary research, 171 iron hypothesis, 16- 17, 37-38 models, 27 NSF funding, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31-34 (passim) , 37, 38, 153, 154, 246 NSF programs, 22, 25-43, 88, 92, 103, 153 Bjerknes, Jacob, 48, 212 Board on Ocean Sciences and Policy, 204 Ocean Affairs Board, 204 Ocean Policy Committee, 204 Ocean Sciences Board, 148, 204 Ocean Studies Board, 11, 23, 87, 88, 159, 192, 204-205, 214, 215 Boledovich, Glenn, 201-206 Brewer, Peter, 19, 29, 30, 152-161 Broecker, Wallace (Wally)

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From page 264...

... , 14, 15, 17 E Earthquakes, 57, 59, 71, 121, 126, 173, 180 Economic Benefits of Oceanographic Research, 90, 203 Economic issues, 5, 201, 206, 215 Atlantic Ocean, geochemical monitoring, 29 cost-effectiveness, 7, 8, 131, 181-182 public education, 181- 182 ships, 90, 96, 101, 111-112, 129, 146, 180 181 see also Funding Edge waves, 46 Edmond, John, 29, 30, 34, 75 Education and training, 5, 97, 165, 171, 192- 193, 195-200, 214-215 graduate education, 38, 63, 165, 193, 195 199 National Academy of Sciences, 195-197 public education, 181-182, 198, 199, 214-215 symposium program agenda, 221 see also Academic research; specific institutions Effective Use of the Sea, 90 Ekman spiral, 45, 46 E1 Nino-Southern Oscillation, 48, 165, 166, 182, 186, 193, 199, 205-206, 207, 211-212 Emery, K.O., 26, 53, 69, 71 Endangered Species Act, 204 Environmental protection, 11, 30-32, 33, 173, 184-191, 202, 206, 246 global climate change, 26-27, 131, 150, 151, 170-171, 176-178, 185 CLIMAP, 7-8, 60, 61, 144, 146, 147, 150, 176 greenhouse gases, 26-27, 28-29, 131, 153-157, 170-171, 193; see also Carbon dioxide sea level, 69, 173, 177 human health, 215 IDOE, 33, 34, 150 lead pollution, 30, 37 oil pollution, 30-32, 34, 120 radioactivity, 27-28, 30, 33, 39, 153-154, 156, 159 trace metals, 30, 37, 186 Environmental Protection Agency, 34, 39, 204 Equipment, see Facilities for research Eppley, Richard (Dick) , 15, 17 Ewing, Maurice, 4, 6, 13, 27, 53-57, 71, 108, 114, 118, 120 Exclusive Economic Zone, 206 F Facilities for research, 7, 8, 20, 48, 99, 103, 128133, 167, 171, 180-182, 192, 193 acoustic, 45, 46, 47, 48 computer technology, 48, 56, 91, 115, 131, 169, 182, 193 deep-ocean mooring, 46, 48, 131 interdisciplinary research and, 130 Internet, 23, 115, 169, 182 National Oceanographic Laboratory System (NOLS)

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From page 265...

... , 56, 64, 197 Hutchinson, G Evelyn, 11, 25, 28 Hydrography, 25, 45, 152, 159 Hydrothermal vents, see Vents l Indian Ocean, 15, 89, 93, 94, 95, 110, 125, 141, 142- 143, 152- 153 GEOSECS, 156-157 In situ observations and experiments, 20 deep-ocean mooring, 46, 48, 131 see also Deep sea drilling; Facilities for research; Ships Institutional factors, 3-8, 11, 63, 87-133, 192 194, 201-206 chemical oceanography, 23 marine geology and geophysics, 54-56 peer review, 6, 8, 102, 132, 147-148, 166 symposium program, 220, 222 see also Education and training; Interdisciplinary research; Large-scale programs; Small-scale programs; specific institutions Instrumentation, see Facilities for research; Technological developments Interagency Committee on Oceanography, 88, 89, 90, 93, 98 Interdisciplinary research, 3, 5, 7, 52, 72, 96, 97, 194, 214 biological oceanography, 17, 19 chemical oceanography, 171 large-scale programs, 137 physical oceanography, 166, 175 RIDGE, 63 technological development and facilities, 130 Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, 144, 154 Internal waves, 46, 48 The International Aspects of Oceanography, 203, 206 International Council for Science, 154 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, 24 International Council of Scientific Unions, 71, 89, 141, 142, 159 see also International Geophysical Year chemical oceanography, 29, 33, 34, 39, 144, 150, 153, 158 funding, 144-146, 147 marine geology and geophysics, 62, 144, 146, 147 marine pollution, 33, 34, 150 National Academy of Sciences, 144, 146, 148 ONR, 146 technological developments, 129, 131 International Geophysical Year (1957-1958)

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From page 266...

... , 90, 95, 110, 111, 112 McNutt, Marcia, 51 - 64, 172- 183 Mediterranean Deep Ocean Convection experiment, 47-48 Mediterranean Sea, other, 125 Melville, 79, 80, 82 Menard, Henry W., 54, 55, 57, 59 Menzel, David, 29, 32, 113, 152 Merrell, William (Bill) , 149, 201-206, 212 Mesoscale analyses, 45-46, 167, 168 Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment, 7, 46, 144, 212 Military applications, 201, 206 academic funding, Mansfield Amendment, 3, 5, 8, 101 Cold War, 12, 93, 94 nuclear weapons testing, 27-28, 153-154 nuclear weapons testing, 27-28, 153-154 Vietnam War, 101 World War I, 202-203 World War II, 3, 45, 203-204 chemical oceanography, 24-25 geology and geophysics, 52-53, 120 Mixed Layer Experiment, 45 MODE, 146, 147, 150 Models and modeling, 46, 168, 193 biological oceanography, 19, 187 chemical oceanography, 27 ecosystems, 185 E1 Nino, 165, 166 general circulation, 46 geophysical, 172, 173 large-scale programs, 137 ocean-atmosphere coupling, 19, 168 salinity, 34 steady circulation, 44 technology and facilities, 129-130 thermodynamic, 153 see also Computer technology Mohole, see Project Mohole Morrill Land Grant Act, 195 Multidisciplinary research, see Interdisciplinary research Munk, Walter, 3, 44-50, 53, 55, 64, 117, 118, 127, 150, 204, 213 Mussel Watch Program, 34, 39 N National Academy of Engineering, 144 National Academy of Sciences, 88, 89, 90, 93, 94, 98, 100, 117, 192, 202-206, 215216 bathyscaphe, 67 education in oceanography, 195-197 ICO, 88, 89, 90, 93, 98 IDOE, 144, 146, 148 IGY, 141-142 Marine Chemistry Panel, 32 NASCO, 88, 89, 90, 94, 98, 108-109, 111 Ocean Studies Board, 23, 159, 204-205, 215 WOCE, 159 see also National Research Council National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 13-14, 57, 93, 131, 132, 159, 212, 213 National Association of Marine Laboratories, 204 National Center for Atmospheric Research, 6, 7, 102 National Council of Marine Resources and Engineering, 108, 143, 146 see also Marine Resources and Engineering Development Act National Institute of Environmental Health Services, 215 National Marine Sanctuaries Act, 204 National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility, 131 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 3, 5, 34, 90, 95, 101, 102, 109-110, 132, 197, 204, 212, 213, 215 National Oceanographic Data Center, 193 National Oceanographic Laboratory System, 101, 102, 107, 109-112 National Oceanographic Parnership Act, 205 National Oceanographic Program, 88, 91 National Oceanographic Partnership Program, 205, 206 National Research Council, 23, 72, 84, 143, 159, 192, 202, 206, 214 see also National Academy of Sciences National Science Foundation, iii, 93-95, 192194, 196 administrative history, 96-106

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From page 267...

... , 90, 107, 109, 197, 204 p Pacific Ocean, 3, 29-30 Central North Pacific Gyre, 185, 186, 189 copper, 37 core drilling, 120-121, 122 GEOSECS, 156 hydrography, 45 North Pacific Experiment, 146, 147, 150 in situ biological oceanography, 20 iron hypothesis, 16-17 nuclear weapons testing, 27-28, 153-154 vents, 12-13, 34, 73-83 Paleoceanography, other, 124-125, 139, 176-177 see also Deep sea drilling Paleoclimatology, 51, 52, 54-55, 59-61, 69, 139, 171, 173, 176, 177-178 Particulate matter, 34, 36-37, 138 Peer review, 6, 8, 102, 132, 147-148, 166 Photochemistry, 36, 170 Physical oceanography, 15, 44-50, 102, 144, 149-151, 165-168, 219, 221 interdisciplinary, 166, 175 NSF funding, 44, 48, 165-166, 246 NSF programs, 15, 44-50, 92, 103, 165 ONR, 44 technological developments, 44, 46, 48-49 see also Ocean circulation; Marine geology and geophysics Phytoplankton, 13, 14, 16, 186 Piccard, Jacques, 4, 67 Plankton, 16, 28, 124, 131-132, 184, 186 Plate tectonics, iii, 12, 51, 54, 57-59, 71, 120, 139, 172, 173-175 earthquakes, 57, 59, 71, 121, 126, 173, 180 vents, 12-13, 34, 73-83, 179-180 see also Deep sea drilling Pollution, see Environmental protection POLYMODE, 146, 147, 150 Productivity, see Oceanic productivity Project Mohole, 99-100, 101, 117-119, 122, 123 Purdy, G Michael, 6(n.13)

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From page 268...

... , 29, 39, 44, 45-46, 47, 49, 113, 138, 153, 154-155, 156, 212 Sverdrup, Harold, 3, 6, 23, 44, 45, 48, 49, 52 Submersibles, see Bathyscaphs and other submersibles Surface waves, 46-47, 48 T Takahashi, Taro, 156-157 Talwani, Manik, 55, 71 Teal, John 30, 31 TOGA-TAO, 149, 151, 167 Technological developments, 128-133, 193 biological oceanography, 18 chemical oceanography, 22, 30, 171 computer technology, 48, 56, 91, 115, 131, 169, 193 geology and geophysics, 52; see also Deep sea drilling IDOE, 129, 131 NSF funding, 131, 132, 193, 246 NSF model, 129- 133 physical oceanography, 44, 46, 48-49 sonar, 3, 68, 75, 79, 131 sounding, 3, 75, 120 spectrometric techniques, 15, 30, 60, 61, 130 131, 138 see also Bathyscaphs and other submersibles; Computer technology; Facilities for research; Ships Temperature studies, 3, 47, 48, 52, 69, 128, 129, 138, 139, 153, 167-168, 172 vents, 12-13, 34, 73-83 volcanism, 30, 57, 59, 71, 72, 73, 75, 125 126, 172, 173-174, 179-180 Texas A&M University, 6, 109, 142, 203 Thermoclines, 3, 138, 172 Tides, 47 Time-series analyses, 37, 165, 184, 189-190 TOPEX/POSEIDON, 165, 166-167, 212 Toye, Sandra, 5, 65-66, 95, 96-106 Trace metals, 30, 37, 186 Training, see Education and training Transactions of the American Geophysical United Nations, 102, 144, 154 see also International Decade for Ocean Exploration United Nations Law of the Sea Convention, 108, 204 Universities and colleges, see Academic research; specific institutions University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, 169 University-National Laboratories (UNL) , 95, 107, 109 University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS)

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From page 269...

... INDEX geology and geophysics, 55, 56, 62, 63, 73, 74, 142 Gulf Stream, 3 International Indian Ocean Expedition, 143 mass spectrometry, 131 satellite technology, 49 ships, 56, 94, 109 Wooster, Warren, 14, 113 World Climate Research Program, 150 World Ocean Circulation Experiment, 29, 30, 131, 149, 151, 159, 165 World War I, 202-203 World War II, 3, 45, 203-204 chemical oceanography, 24-25 geology and geophysics, 52-53, 120 269 World Wide Web, see Internet Wunsch, Carl, 45, 159, 204, 212 y Yale University, 147 Year of the Ocean, 11, 205, 211, 213 Young, William, 165-168 z Zooplankton, 16, 186

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From page 270...

... Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government.

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Index Pages 263-270

Index
Pages 263-270