U.S.-European-Japanese Workshop on Space Cooperation Summary Report (1999) / Chapter Skim
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Summary Report
Summary Report
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Review the status of several embryonic projects and consider broader issues such as the possibility of coordinated, international strategic planning for space science and other policy issues likely to be significant in the future. INTRODUCTION The trilateral workshop originated, in part, from a joint SSB/CISP-ESSC study, U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science, which recognized the need to consider interactions with other spacefaring partners such as Russia and Japan.' Following publication of the joint study in 1998, both the ESSC and the SSB/CISP began to pursue relations with space science entities in Japan and agreed to initiate communications together.
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Organizational patterns including relations among scientists, engineers, and operational personnel; project initiation and development; data access and publication norms; initiation of the cooperative activity; and the process for conceiving and developing new collaborative projects; 4. Scientific interest and technical issues including community interest in the subject; equality or complementarily of capabilities among partners; the eight criteria for successful cooperative missions identified in the U.S.-European report;4 and the payoffs of cooperation (e.g., exposure to different approaches and expanded opportunities)
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They therefore believe that the extra time and responsibilities such as handling spacecraft operations entitle their mission scientists to a longer "blackout" period in which to prepare for publication. However, the Japanese participants also emphasized that these operational activities encourage mission scientists to design their missions for easy operability and result in careful attention by mission scientists in operating "their" missions.
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Some workshop participants and contributors who worked on Geotail questioned whether the mission would have been possible under current export control stipulations (see Appendix D, Acuna, 4.0~.7 Organizational Patterns Agreements for handling the software for data analysis on cooperative missions can have lasting effects on access to and use of the data long after the primary mission ends. Both the Yohkoh and ASCA missions made significant contributions to software for data analysis in their respective disciplines.
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Although scientists at the workshop believed that the excellence of the ASCA instruments is well accepted, the lack of competitive peer review raised concerns about future missions such as Astro-G (see Appendix F Hughes, 3.0~.8 The approach for GeotaiT was a mix: to select instruments for technological capability while flying similar Japanese instruments with less flight experience or "heritage" to develop Japanese technology.
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Specifically, the joint committee recommends Cat international cooperative missions involve the following: Scientific support through peer review that affirms the scientific integrity, value, requirements, and benefits of a cooperative mission; An historical foundation built on an existing international community, partnership, and shared scientific experiences; Shared objectives that incorporate the interests of scientists, engineers, and managers in common and communicated goals; Clearly defined responsibilities and roles for cooperative partners, including scientists, engineers, and .
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The absence of such funds in the United States presents a considerable barrier to initiating cooperative projects that would otherwise be desirable and similarly affects the ability to capitalize on targets of opportunity. The U.S.-European report echoes this sentiment and recommends the importance of having a small budget for peer-reviewed, international cooperative space science activities.9 As budgets for space agencies become increasingly tight, there may be a growing number of programs that could not be undertaken without a major technical and financial contribution from one or more international partners.
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SOI\IE QUESTIONS FOR CONSIDERATION Lessons reamed from past experience are useful only when they can guide or improve future cooperative activities. Some workshop participants remarked that upcoming international cooperative missions, which involve more complex instruments and spacecraft than the missions conducted in previous years, may require new approaches to international collaboration that build on lessons reamed (see Appendix E, CuThane, 4.0; Appendix F
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It is clear that aside from the sometimes fickle attitude that governments and space agencies may have toward international cooperation, the individuals who participate in the missions convey appreciation for the scientific opportunities and achievements gained, the experience acquired, the enthusiasm shared, and the broadened perspective that comes Tom an international approach to space activities. |2 Professor Nishida provided a comprehensive explanation of the ISAS procedures for planning and selecting missions.
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