Bridging Boundaries Through Regional Marine Research (2000) / Chapter Skim
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3 Processes by Which Regional Marine Research Needs and Priorities are Defined
3 Processes by Which Regional Marine Research Needs and Priorities are Defined
Pages 25-43
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From page 25... ...
Approaches to research planning can be categorized as follows: 1. Community Plans A process with substantial, direct input from stakeholders, including broad participation from the regional scientific and management communities; 2.
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Two examples of programs planned with different types of broad community participation will be discussed: the Regional Marine Research Program (RMRP) and the National Estuary Program (NEP)
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The third effort was the "Marine Research and Activity Plan" developed by the Maine Marine Research Board in 1991. This Gulf of Maine Research Plan was the only RMRP funded under the authorizing legislation and hence was the only research plan to be implemented.
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A team to develop the plan was formed by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant Program. The team and the RMR Board compiled a list of agencies and organizations interested in marine research in the region.
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Most NEP sites choose a management framework that includes a Management Committee to oversee routine operation of the program; a Policy Committee, made up of high-level representatives from federal, state, and local government agencies; a Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) to guide scientific decisions; and a Citizens Advisory Committee to represent the interests of estuary user-groups and the public.
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From page 31... ...
The incorporation of community-based planning methods is an important feature in the development of regional marine research programs. Because different regions and issues may require different approaches, future programs could benefit from examining the specific organizations and procedures employed by the RMRP and NEP for including participation by stakeholders to determine how different approaches can be applied to meet the specific issues that arise in different regions.
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From page 32... ...
Finally, consistent with NSF's basic science mission, direct input from managers and stakeholders is rarely sought. This results in programs that help fulfill the need for a fundamental understanding of coastal processes; however, these programs do not necessarily provide immediate solutions to contemporary coastal ocean problems.
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From page 33... ...
Coastal Ocean Processes This is an interdisciplinary research program, which seeks to achieve a new level of quantitative understanding of the cross-margin transport of biologically, chemically, and geologically important materials. CoOP grew out of an earlier research planning exercise, Coastal Physical Oceanography (CoPO)
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From page 34... ...
From the beginning, CoOP planning has been conducted and directed by the scientific community. Although societal needs are considered and used as an important justification for coastal ocean research, CoOP does not seek direct input from stakeholders, local or state agencies, NGOs, or other concerned parties, but rather relies on documents prepared by other groups (such as the National Academies)
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From page 35... ...
CoOP has contributed to a better understanding of cross-shelf transports of major nutrients, carbon, and sediments, and has implemented plans to enhance sustained near-shore observations through the integrated use of shipboard measurements, towed sensor arrays, and moored instrumentation. GLOBEC has advanced the understanding of how physical processes influence juvenile cod and haddock populations on Georges Bank and has played an important role in the development and application of ecosystem models that incorporate realistic trophic dynamics (NRC, 1999~.
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From page 36... ...
In addition, unless there are strong incentives, agencies may not make effective collaboration a priority. Three examples of agency planning will be discussed: NOAA-National Sea Grant College Program; the NOAA Coastal Ocean Program (COP)
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The more specific goal was to distinguish between natural variability and the impact of human activities on fisheries, environmental quality, and coastal hazards to improve our ability to predict future impacts. The operational goals were to promote cooperation among NOAA line offices in coastal ocean research and to enable more effective collaboration among NOAA and academic scientists.
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In addition, COP funds other regional programs around the United States, including Southeast Bering Sea Carrying Capacity, South Atlantic Bight Recruitment Experiment, South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Prediction and Modeling, and Pacific Northwest Coastal Ecosystem Regional Study (PNCERS; see Chapter 4 for description of PNCERS) , among others.
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LEGISLATIVE MANDATES An increasing number of mandates for regional marine research stem from federal legislation. Sometimes, research is the focus of the legislation, as in the case of the RMRP.
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From page 42... ...
Quantification and causation have not been established. On July 10, 1999, a federal judge ruled in a lawsuit brought by several environmental groups that current pollock fishing regulations issued by NMFS do not protect the Steller sea lion and, hence, violate the Endangered Species Act.
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From page 43... ...
Better coordination among NOAA programs responsible for coastal ocean research (COP and National Sea Grant) , fisheries (NMFS)
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