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Pages 395-405

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From page 395... ... 395 Allochthonous organic matter inputs influence on estuarine susceptibility to nutrient over-enrichment, 175 American Society of Civil Engineers, 300, 302 Urban Water Resources Research Council of, 303 Ammonium sulfate, 134 Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) , 26, 29, 95 Anaerobic digestion of liquid wastes, 280 Animal feeding operations (AFOs) Read the entire page →
From page 396... ... , 365-366 Coastal eutrophication management strategies addressing, 368 models for, 384-391 Coastal Intensive Site Network (CISNet) , 365 Coastal marine ecosystems evidence for nitrogen limitation in, 6772 importance of silica and iron in, 81-83 mechanisms that lead to nitrogen limitation in, 72-81 Coastal models for monitoring and modeling, 227-230 Coastal Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program (CNSPCP) Read the entire page →
From page 397... ... See Conservation Reserve Program CWAP. See Clean Water Action Plan Cyanobacteria, 78 D Danish Nationwide Monitoring Program, 204-205 Data assimilation, 200 Data sets electronic storage and management of, 202 Databases need to develop, 56 pop. Read the entire page →
From page 398... ... See Environmental Quality Incentives Program "Equivalent surplus." See Willingness to accept Estuaries nitrogen and phosphorus in, 66-67 productivity of, 2 sources of nutrient inputs to, 113-162 Estuarine conditions developing quantitative measures of, 208-210 Estuarine export potential (EXP) , 182-184, 186-187, 191 updating measures of, 191 Estuarine models, 384-391 for monitoring and modeling, 227-230 European Community limits, 276 INDEX European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model, 219 EUTRO5 model, 385, 387 Eutrophication controlled by nitrogen, 68-70 defined, 1-2, 24 spatial coherence scales of, 199 Eutrophication reduction policies, 250 Executive Office Committee on Environment and Natural Resources (CENR) Read the entire page →
From page 399... ... , 372, 379 Hypoxia, 86-89 shifts in community structure caused by, 89-90 Hypsography influence on estuarine susceptibility to nutrient over-enrichment, 170 I Important nutrients identifying, 65-83 Index sites, 58 proposal to select and use, 188 Industrial waste treated, 295, 297 399 Inland Sea of Japan, 96-97 "Insurance" fertilization, 277 Integrated Coastal Monitoring Program for the Gulf of Mexico, 365 International Council of Scientific Unions, 141 International Geosphere-Biosphere Program, 141 International SCOPE Nitrogen Project, 121-122, 141-142, 145-146, 150-153 224, 227 Iron affect on phytoplankton, 82 importance in coastal systems, 81-83 K Kaneohe Bay, 102 Kattegat, 204-205 Kissimmee River, 303-304 L Lagoons, 73 Laholm Bay, 32, 70, 72 Lake Champlain, 286 Lake Okeechobee, 303 Lakes nitrogen and phosphorus in, 66-67 LaPlatte River watershed, 286-287 Light extinction influence on estuarine susceptibility to nutrient over-enrichment, 171 Lingulodinium machaerophorum, 93-94 Little Washita River watershed, 285-286 Livestock. See Animal feeding operations (AFOs) Read the entire page →
From page 400... ... See Marine Ecosystem Research Laboratory Metadatabase need to develop, 56 Metals bioavailability of, 91 Microalgae, 26 MIKES model, 387 Mississippi Basin, 25, 122 Mississippi River, 25, 82, 88, 122, 157-158 Modeling estuarine and coastal models, 227-230 introduction to, 214-225 other relevant models, 230-233 recommendations for, 233-236 watershed management models, 225-227 Models coastal eutrophication, 384-391 creating proprietary, 234 estuarine, 384-391 need to improve, 9-10, 60 process, 377-382 reviews, 376-391 selecting, 233-234 spreadsheet, 382 statistical, 382-384 watershed, 376 Molybdenum required for nitrogen fixation, 80 Monitoring calibration in, 198n controlling costs of, 213-214 INDEX developing quantitative measures of estuarine conditions, 208-210 developing quantitative measures of watershed conditions, 210-213 elements of an effective program for, 202-208 introduction to, 201-202 need to expand capability for, 7-8, 5759 recommendations for, 233-236 using volunteer observers in, 215-216 Moral persuasion, 255-256 Mud Hollow Brook watershed, 287 Municipal waste treated, 293-295 N NADP. See National Atmospheric Deposition Program Narragansett Bay, 32, 69, 76-77, 157, 214 National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 293 National Animal Feeding Operations Strategy, 53 National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) Read the entire page →
From page 401... ... , 7,16, 61, 189-190 National Strategy for the Development of Regional Nutrient Criteria, 367 National Trends Network, 363 National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) , 363 National Wetlands Inventory classification, 178-179 Nationwide Coastal Environmental Quality Monitoring Network, 364 Nationwide strategy needed to address nutrient over-enrichment developing, 3842 Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) Read the entire page →
From page 402... ... See Amnesic shellfish poisoning; Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning; Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning; Paralytic shellfish poisoning Policies eutrophication reduction, 250 "Polluter pays" principle, 251-252 Polluting parties, 251 Pollution control distributional impacts of, 251-252 dynamic adjustment to, 251 voluntary approaches to, 253-258 Pollution permits trading, 263-265 Pollution Prevention Grants Program, 361 Population density link to nitrogen export, 144 Porites porites, 103 Prevention steps, 49-50 Primary production base influence on estuarine susceptibility to nutrient over-enrichment, 165 Problem of nutrient over-enrichment, 20-36 understanding, 63-194 Process models, 377-382 Program coordination need for, 370 Programmatic approaches, 356-375 Property values, 106 Proprietary models creating, 234 PSP. See Paralytic shellfish poisoning Public-private partnership in Tampa Bay, 254 Puget Sound, 183 QUAL2E model, 385 Q R Recommendations, 37-62 for federal actions, 51-62 for local managers, 42-50 for monitoring and modeling, 233-236 Red tides, 15, 93, 97, 306 Redfield ratio, 78 Read the entire page →
From page 403... ... , 379-380 Soil phosphorus thresholds, 212 Source reduction and control, 269-310 agricultural sources, 270-288 atmospheric sources, 288-293 next steps for, 308-310 other mitigation options, 302-308 urban sources, 293-302 403 Sources of nutrient inputs agricultural, 270-288 atmospheric, 288-293 changes in agricultural production and nonpoint source nutrient pollution, 124-139 disturbance, nonpoint nutrient fluxes, and baselines for nutrient exports from pristine systems, 121-123 to estuaries and coastal waters, 113-162 implications for achieving source reductions, 160-162 insights from the SPARROW model applied to the national scale, 147-150 nutrient budgets for specific estuaries and coastal waters, 150-156 nutrient fluxes to the coast, 141-147 oceanic waters as a nutrient source to estuaries and coastal waters, 156-160 processing of nitrogen and phosphorus in wetlands, streams, and rivers, 139141 wastewater and nonpoint source inputs, 119-121 SPARROW. See Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watersheds Model Spatial distribution of nutrient inputs influence on estuarine susceptibility to nutrient over-enrichment, 171, 175 Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watersheds Model (SPARROW) Read the entire page →
From page 404... ... Nitrate Sensitive Areas Scheme, 281 Ulva, 26 Understanding abatement strategies, 195310 United Nations' Environmental Program, 141 Urban diffuse source discharges, 298-302 Urban Water Resources Research Council, 303 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center of, 234 National Resources Conservation Service of, 370 U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 405... ... , 259 Water residence time in Hudson River estuary, 168-169 influence on estuarine susceptibility to nutrient over-enrichment, 165-167, 170 Water samples information from, 215-216 Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework (WARMF) , 380 405 Watershed conditions developing quantitative measures of, 210-213 Watershed models, 225-227, 376 Watersheds agriculture-dominated, 211-212 hydrologic/hydraulic alterations in, 303-304 identifying, 283-285 targeting within, 285-286 Websites, 392-393 Wetlands, 300-301 Wetlands Reserve Program, 52, 288 Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program, 288 Willingness to accept (WTA) Read the entire page →

From page 395...

... 395 Allochthonous organic matter inputs influence on estuarine susceptibility to nutrient over-enrichment, 175 American Society of Civil Engineers, 300, 302 Urban Water Resources Research Council of, 303 Ammonium sulfate, 134 Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) , 26, 29, 95 Anaerobic digestion of liquid wastes, 280 Animal feeding operations (AFOs)

Read the entire page →

From page 396...

... , 365-366 Coastal eutrophication management strategies addressing, 368 models for, 384-391 Coastal Intensive Site Network (CISNet) , 365 Coastal marine ecosystems evidence for nitrogen limitation in, 6772 importance of silica and iron in, 81-83 mechanisms that lead to nitrogen limitation in, 72-81 Coastal models for monitoring and modeling, 227-230 Coastal Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program (CNSPCP)

Read the entire page →

From page 397...

... See Conservation Reserve Program CWAP. See Clean Water Action Plan Cyanobacteria, 78 D Danish Nationwide Monitoring Program, 204-205 Data assimilation, 200 Data sets electronic storage and management of, 202 Databases need to develop, 56 pop.

Read the entire page →

From page 398...

... See Environmental Quality Incentives Program "Equivalent surplus." See Willingness to accept Estuaries nitrogen and phosphorus in, 66-67 productivity of, 2 sources of nutrient inputs to, 113-162 Estuarine conditions developing quantitative measures of, 208-210 Estuarine export potential (EXP) , 182-184, 186-187, 191 updating measures of, 191 Estuarine models, 384-391 for monitoring and modeling, 227-230 European Community limits, 276 INDEX European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model, 219 EUTRO5 model, 385, 387 Eutrophication controlled by nitrogen, 68-70 defined, 1-2, 24 spatial coherence scales of, 199 Eutrophication reduction policies, 250 Executive Office Committee on Environment and Natural Resources (CENR)

Read the entire page →

From page 399...

... , 372, 379 Hypoxia, 86-89 shifts in community structure caused by, 89-90 Hypsography influence on estuarine susceptibility to nutrient over-enrichment, 170 I Important nutrients identifying, 65-83 Index sites, 58 proposal to select and use, 188 Industrial waste treated, 295, 297 399 Inland Sea of Japan, 96-97 "Insurance" fertilization, 277 Integrated Coastal Monitoring Program for the Gulf of Mexico, 365 International Council of Scientific Unions, 141 International Geosphere-Biosphere Program, 141 International SCOPE Nitrogen Project, 121-122, 141-142, 145-146, 150-153 224, 227 Iron affect on phytoplankton, 82 importance in coastal systems, 81-83 K Kaneohe Bay, 102 Kattegat, 204-205 Kissimmee River, 303-304 L Lagoons, 73 Laholm Bay, 32, 70, 72 Lake Champlain, 286 Lake Okeechobee, 303 Lakes nitrogen and phosphorus in, 66-67 LaPlatte River watershed, 286-287 Light extinction influence on estuarine susceptibility to nutrient over-enrichment, 171 Lingulodinium machaerophorum, 93-94 Little Washita River watershed, 285-286 Livestock. See Animal feeding operations (AFOs)

Read the entire page →

From page 400...

... See Marine Ecosystem Research Laboratory Metadatabase need to develop, 56 Metals bioavailability of, 91 Microalgae, 26 MIKES model, 387 Mississippi Basin, 25, 122 Mississippi River, 25, 82, 88, 122, 157-158 Modeling estuarine and coastal models, 227-230 introduction to, 214-225 other relevant models, 230-233 recommendations for, 233-236 watershed management models, 225-227 Models coastal eutrophication, 384-391 creating proprietary, 234 estuarine, 384-391 need to improve, 9-10, 60 process, 377-382 reviews, 376-391 selecting, 233-234 spreadsheet, 382 statistical, 382-384 watershed, 376 Molybdenum required for nitrogen fixation, 80 Monitoring calibration in, 198n controlling costs of, 213-214 INDEX developing quantitative measures of estuarine conditions, 208-210 developing quantitative measures of watershed conditions, 210-213 elements of an effective program for, 202-208 introduction to, 201-202 need to expand capability for, 7-8, 5759 recommendations for, 233-236 using volunteer observers in, 215-216 Moral persuasion, 255-256 Mud Hollow Brook watershed, 287 Municipal waste treated, 293-295 N NADP. See National Atmospheric Deposition Program Narragansett Bay, 32, 69, 76-77, 157, 214 National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 293 National Animal Feeding Operations Strategy, 53 National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)

Read the entire page →

From page 401...

... , 7,16, 61, 189-190 National Strategy for the Development of Regional Nutrient Criteria, 367 National Trends Network, 363 National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) , 363 National Wetlands Inventory classification, 178-179 Nationwide Coastal Environmental Quality Monitoring Network, 364 Nationwide strategy needed to address nutrient over-enrichment developing, 3842 Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP)

Read the entire page →

From page 402...

... See Amnesic shellfish poisoning; Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning; Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning; Paralytic shellfish poisoning Policies eutrophication reduction, 250 "Polluter pays" principle, 251-252 Polluting parties, 251 Pollution control distributional impacts of, 251-252 dynamic adjustment to, 251 voluntary approaches to, 253-258 Pollution permits trading, 263-265 Pollution Prevention Grants Program, 361 Population density link to nitrogen export, 144 Porites porites, 103 Prevention steps, 49-50 Primary production base influence on estuarine susceptibility to nutrient over-enrichment, 165 Problem of nutrient over-enrichment, 20-36 understanding, 63-194 Process models, 377-382 Program coordination need for, 370 Programmatic approaches, 356-375 Property values, 106 Proprietary models creating, 234 PSP. See Paralytic shellfish poisoning Public-private partnership in Tampa Bay, 254 Puget Sound, 183 QUAL2E model, 385 Q R Recommendations, 37-62 for federal actions, 51-62 for local managers, 42-50 for monitoring and modeling, 233-236 Red tides, 15, 93, 97, 306 Redfield ratio, 78

Read the entire page →

From page 403...

... , 379-380 Soil phosphorus thresholds, 212 Source reduction and control, 269-310 agricultural sources, 270-288 atmospheric sources, 288-293 next steps for, 308-310 other mitigation options, 302-308 urban sources, 293-302 403 Sources of nutrient inputs agricultural, 270-288 atmospheric, 288-293 changes in agricultural production and nonpoint source nutrient pollution, 124-139 disturbance, nonpoint nutrient fluxes, and baselines for nutrient exports from pristine systems, 121-123 to estuaries and coastal waters, 113-162 implications for achieving source reductions, 160-162 insights from the SPARROW model applied to the national scale, 147-150 nutrient budgets for specific estuaries and coastal waters, 150-156 nutrient fluxes to the coast, 141-147 oceanic waters as a nutrient source to estuaries and coastal waters, 156-160 processing of nitrogen and phosphorus in wetlands, streams, and rivers, 139141 wastewater and nonpoint source inputs, 119-121 SPARROW. See Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watersheds Model Spatial distribution of nutrient inputs influence on estuarine susceptibility to nutrient over-enrichment, 171, 175 Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watersheds Model (SPARROW)

Read the entire page →

From page 404...

... Nitrate Sensitive Areas Scheme, 281 Ulva, 26 Understanding abatement strategies, 195310 United Nations' Environmental Program, 141 Urban diffuse source discharges, 298-302 Urban Water Resources Research Council, 303 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center of, 234 National Resources Conservation Service of, 370 U.S.

Read the entire page →

From page 405...

... , 259 Water residence time in Hudson River estuary, 168-169 influence on estuarine susceptibility to nutrient over-enrichment, 165-167, 170 Water samples information from, 215-216 Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework (WARMF) , 380 405 Watershed conditions developing quantitative measures of, 210-213 Watershed models, 225-227, 376 Watersheds agriculture-dominated, 211-212 hydrologic/hydraulic alterations in, 303-304 identifying, 283-285 targeting within, 285-286 Websites, 392-393 Wetlands, 300-301 Wetlands Reserve Program, 52, 288 Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program, 288 Willingness to accept (WTA)

Read the entire page →

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Index Pages 395-405

Index
Pages 395-405