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Pages 225-236

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From page 225... ... See Advanced intelligent network Algorithms, scaling of, 56-57 Allocation of addresses, 68,105 America Online (AOL) , 111-112,147 merger with Time Warner, 145 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Read the entire page →
From page 226... ... , 6769, 79-80 CMIP. See Common Management Information Protocol Collaboration, among researchers, funders and network operators, 20-21 Collisions between existing industries and emerging Internet industries, 15-17, 151-176 future of the Internet and other industry sectors, 175-176 implications of IP telephony for telephony regulation, 170-175 interoperation between IP telephony and the PSTN, 165-170 IP telephony defined, 152-154 new and evolving architectures for telephony, 154-162 scenarios for future evolution, 162-165 Committee on Broadband Last-Mile Technologies, 11, 49 Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) Read the entire page →
From page 227... ... , 184 Customers requirements of large, 120n value-stratification of, 9,105,118-121 "Cyber-crime," 194 D DARPA. See Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Data collection, 26 Data packets, routing of, 4,12 Data services, trends in, 50 Data transfer, mediating, 74 Decentralized control, 4 Dedicated private networks, IP telephony configurations using, 158 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Read the entire page →
From page 228... ... , 134, 141 Filtering IP traffic, 143 publicizing ISPs' policies for, 25 Financial arrangements for interconnection, 115-118 discounts, 121 INDEX peer model, 116, 118-121 transit model, 116 Firewalls, 143 Frame Relay networks, lOOn Free Internet service providers, 111, 212 FTP. See File transfer protocol Funders, recommendations for collaboration with, 20-21 Future evolution scenarios for, 162-165 and success, 51-52 G Games, 1 Gateways, 154-155 General Services Administration, 204 Geographic perspective on Internet issues, recommendations for maintaining broad, 28 Government Paperwork Elimination Act, 204 Government policy responses, 25-28 creating laws and regulations that establish overall parameters only, 27-28 focusing laws and regulations on concerns identified, 27 maintaining broad geographic perspective on Internet issues, 28 monitoring Internet phenomena, 25-26 researching triggers for Internet intervention, 26 Growth in backbone capacity, 45 of the ISP market, 4648 Growth of the Internet, 5-10 quality of service, 9-10 robustness and reliability, 8-9 scaling challenges, 5-6 scaling up the address space, 6-8 H Hardware failures, 87 Harmonization, challenge of, 28 Hierarchy, DNS, 59 Hosting providers, 112 Hourglass model of Internet architecture, 4, 36-38, 127-128 HTTP, 6, 56-57,130, 134, 143 Read the entire page →
From page 229... ... , quality-ofservice mechanisms for, 102-103 Integrated Services over Specific Link Layers, 103 Interactive chat, 1 Interconnection of ISPs, 108 to keep the Internet open, 11-13 new models for, 1 to preserve the Internet, 107-124 Interconnection mechanisms and agreements, 112-118 considerations affecting decisions to enter into peering agreements, 118121 financial arrangements for, 11-12, 115118 logical routing, 11, 114-115 physical, 11, 113-114 229 Interconnection openness and transparency, 107-150 end-to-end transparency, 138-150 maintaining end-to-end service through multiple providers, 107-124 openness and innovation, 124-138 Interconnection through multiple providers, 107-124 evolution of interconnection models, 121-123 monitoring Internet interconnections, 123-124 structure of the Internet service provider industry, 109-112 Interfaces, 154 InterNAP, 122 International Data Corporation, 51 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) , 133 International pressures for addresses, 75-76 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Read the entire page →
From page 230... ... See International Telecommunication Union Jitter, 99 reducing, 100-101 K Keeping the Internet interconnected and open, 10-15 access to the local loop, 11 innovation and transparency, 13-15 interconnection, 11-13 L Large customers, requirements of, 120n Latency, 99 end-to-end, 103 Latency-sensitive traffic, 104 Laws and regulations recommendations for creating, 27-28 recommendations for focusing on concerns identified, 27 Layering principle, 36n Level 3, 163 Links point-to-point, 108 wireless, 104 Local access infrastructure, 154 trends in upgrading, 49-50 Local area networks, wireless, 74 Local loop, access to, 11 Logical (routing) interconnection, 114-115 Long-term benefits, of open IP service, 24-25 Lowering barriers, to entry, for innovation, 42 Read the entire page →
From page 231... ... , 84, 86 National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) , 211 Netscape Communications, 43 Netsizer project, 72-73 Network address translation (NAT) Read the entire page →
From page 232... ... , 186-187, 197 Point-to-point links, 108 Policy approaches. See Public policy; Social policy concerns Portability, addressing, 167-168 Prefixes, routing, 66 Preserving the Internet, 107-150 end-to-end transparency, 138-150 maintaining end-to-end service through multiple providers, 107-124 openness and innovation, 124-138 Presidential Decision Directive 63, 84 President's Commission for Critical Infrastructure Protection, 84 Pressures for addresses, international, 7576 Pricing models, multiple and evolving, 4142 Prioritizing IP traffic, publicizing ISPs' policies for, 25 Privacy defined, 180 online, 185 policy and regulatory approaches to protection of, 187-190 in public policy, 180-190 setting preferences, 187 technical approaches to protection of, 186-187 Private networks, 70 IP telephony configurations using a dedicated, 158 Problem resolution, 121 Protocols, 3-4, 39n. Read the entire page →
From page 233... ... , 102 enhanced support for, 79 integrated services (int-serv) , 102-103 measuring, 120 other approaches, 103 relative efficiency of, 101 technologies for, 100n Queuing, 99 Qwest, 163 R R&D, supporting on scaling challenges and reliability and robustness issues, 1920 Rate-adaptation mechanisms, 100 Realizing the Information Future, 126 Recommendations, 18-28 collaboration among researchers, funders, and network operators, 2021 considering long-term benefits of open IP service, 24-25 creating laws and regulations that establish overall parameters only, 27-28 233 for designers and operators, 22-25 developing and demonstrating Internet capabilities through marketplacebased research, 21-22 focusing laws and regulations on concerns identified, 27 fostering the development of open standards for the Internet, 21 for government policy responses, 25-28 improving reliability and robustness, 24 improving reporting of outages, 9, 23 investigating the economics of interconnection, 21 investing in deployment of IPv6 technology, 24 maintaining broad geographic perspective on Internet issues, 28 monitoring persistent Internet phenomena, 25-26 publicizing ISPs' policies for filtering or prioritizing IP traffic, 25 researching triggers for Internet intervention, 26 supporting R&D on scaling challenges and reliability and robustness issues, 19-20 for the technology base, 19-22 Redundancy, 114n Reengineering applications, 6 Regulatory approaches, 26. Read the entire page →
From page 234... ... See Scarcity of addresses INDEX managing addresses, 65-66 network address translation, 76-77 routing table scaling and address aggregation, 66-71 scarcity of addresses, 71-76 Scaling up the Internet, 53-106 building a better Internet, 53-54 improving quality of service, 98-106 improving reliability and robustness, 81-98 Scarcity of addresses, 8, 71-76 estimating address use and demand, 71-75 international pressures for addresses, 75-76 Security protocols, 142 Service creation at the edges, 170 for interoperation between IP telephony and the PSTN, 168-169 Service delivery, 105 Services, 36 Signaling for interoperation between IP telephony and the PSTN, 168-169 mechanisms for, 102-103 Simple Network Management Protocol S Safe harbor guidelines, 189 Sales tax law, 205n Scalability, 4 Scalable distributed and adaptive design, 4041 Scaling, 54-64 of capacity, 55 of the Internet's naming systems, 58-64 of protocols and algorithms, 56-57 recommendations for supporting R&D on challenges over, 19-20 Scaling challenges, 4-6 Scaling up the address space, 6-8, 64-81 deploying an IPv6 solution, 79-81 IPv6 a potential solution to addressing and configuration, 77-79 Single-purpose devices, rise in the use of, 50-51 Smart card, 203n SNMP. See Simple Network Management Protocol Social policy concerns, 18-19, 177-215 Softswitch Consortium, addressing interoperation between IP telephony and the PSTN, 166 Software failures, 87 Specific Link Layers, 103 Specifications for an application programming interface, 124-125 for complete applications, 125 open, 125 Speed of light considerations, 98 Standards. Read the entire page →
From page 235... ... See Transmission Control Protocol TDM. See Time division multiplexing Technical approaches, to protecting privacy, 186-187 Technologies communications, 4 to improve robustness, 9 IP, 31 quality-of-service, 100n work-around, 7 Technology base, 19-22 collaboration among researchers, funders and network operators, 2021 developing and demonstrating Internet capabilities through marketplacebased research, 21-22 fostering the development of open standards for the Internet, 21 235 investigating the economics of interconnection, 21 supporting R&D on scaling challenges and reliability and robustness issues, 19-20 Telco to IP architecture, 156 Telco to telco architecture, 156 Telcordia, 72-73 Telecommunications Act of 1996, 167n Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (TIPHON) Read the entire page →
From page 236... ... See Wireless access protocol Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) , 90, 113, 160 WDM-based bunking, 113 Web caching, 38 Web interface, 5 Wireless access protocol (WAP) Read the entire page →

From page 225...

... See Advanced intelligent network Algorithms, scaling of, 56-57 Allocation of addresses, 68,105 America Online (AOL) , 111-112,147 merger with Time Warner, 145 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

Read the entire page →

From page 226...

... , 6769, 79-80 CMIP. See Common Management Information Protocol Collaboration, among researchers, funders and network operators, 20-21 Collisions between existing industries and emerging Internet industries, 15-17, 151-176 future of the Internet and other industry sectors, 175-176 implications of IP telephony for telephony regulation, 170-175 interoperation between IP telephony and the PSTN, 165-170 IP telephony defined, 152-154 new and evolving architectures for telephony, 154-162 scenarios for future evolution, 162-165 Committee on Broadband Last-Mile Technologies, 11, 49 Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP)

Read the entire page →

From page 227...

... , 184 Customers requirements of large, 120n value-stratification of, 9,105,118-121 "Cyber-crime," 194 D DARPA. See Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Data collection, 26 Data packets, routing of, 4,12 Data services, trends in, 50 Data transfer, mediating, 74 Decentralized control, 4 Dedicated private networks, IP telephony configurations using, 158 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)

Read the entire page →

From page 228...

... , 134, 141 Filtering IP traffic, 143 publicizing ISPs' policies for, 25 Financial arrangements for interconnection, 115-118 discounts, 121 INDEX peer model, 116, 118-121 transit model, 116 Firewalls, 143 Frame Relay networks, lOOn Free Internet service providers, 111, 212 FTP. See File transfer protocol Funders, recommendations for collaboration with, 20-21 Future evolution scenarios for, 162-165 and success, 51-52 G Games, 1 Gateways, 154-155 General Services Administration, 204 Geographic perspective on Internet issues, recommendations for maintaining broad, 28 Government Paperwork Elimination Act, 204 Government policy responses, 25-28 creating laws and regulations that establish overall parameters only, 27-28 focusing laws and regulations on concerns identified, 27 maintaining broad geographic perspective on Internet issues, 28 monitoring Internet phenomena, 25-26 researching triggers for Internet intervention, 26 Growth in backbone capacity, 45 of the ISP market, 4648 Growth of the Internet, 5-10 quality of service, 9-10 robustness and reliability, 8-9 scaling challenges, 5-6 scaling up the address space, 6-8 H Hardware failures, 87 Harmonization, challenge of, 28 Hierarchy, DNS, 59 Hosting providers, 112 Hourglass model of Internet architecture, 4, 36-38, 127-128 HTTP, 6, 56-57,130, 134, 143

Read the entire page →

From page 229...

... , quality-ofservice mechanisms for, 102-103 Integrated Services over Specific Link Layers, 103 Interactive chat, 1 Interconnection of ISPs, 108 to keep the Internet open, 11-13 new models for, 1 to preserve the Internet, 107-124 Interconnection mechanisms and agreements, 112-118 considerations affecting decisions to enter into peering agreements, 118121 financial arrangements for, 11-12, 115118 logical routing, 11, 114-115 physical, 11, 113-114 229 Interconnection openness and transparency, 107-150 end-to-end transparency, 138-150 maintaining end-to-end service through multiple providers, 107-124 openness and innovation, 124-138 Interconnection through multiple providers, 107-124 evolution of interconnection models, 121-123 monitoring Internet interconnections, 123-124 structure of the Internet service provider industry, 109-112 Interfaces, 154 InterNAP, 122 International Data Corporation, 51 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) , 133 International pressures for addresses, 75-76 International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Read the entire page →

From page 230...

... See International Telecommunication Union Jitter, 99 reducing, 100-101 K Keeping the Internet interconnected and open, 10-15 access to the local loop, 11 innovation and transparency, 13-15 interconnection, 11-13 L Large customers, requirements of, 120n Latency, 99 end-to-end, 103 Latency-sensitive traffic, 104 Laws and regulations recommendations for creating, 27-28 recommendations for focusing on concerns identified, 27 Layering principle, 36n Level 3, 163 Links point-to-point, 108 wireless, 104 Local access infrastructure, 154 trends in upgrading, 49-50 Local area networks, wireless, 74 Local loop, access to, 11 Logical (routing) interconnection, 114-115 Long-term benefits, of open IP service, 24-25 Lowering barriers, to entry, for innovation, 42

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From page 231...

... , 84, 86 National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) , 211 Netscape Communications, 43 Netsizer project, 72-73 Network address translation (NAT)

Read the entire page →

From page 232...

... , 186-187, 197 Point-to-point links, 108 Policy approaches. See Public policy; Social policy concerns Portability, addressing, 167-168 Prefixes, routing, 66 Preserving the Internet, 107-150 end-to-end transparency, 138-150 maintaining end-to-end service through multiple providers, 107-124 openness and innovation, 124-138 Presidential Decision Directive 63, 84 President's Commission for Critical Infrastructure Protection, 84 Pressures for addresses, international, 7576 Pricing models, multiple and evolving, 4142 Prioritizing IP traffic, publicizing ISPs' policies for, 25 Privacy defined, 180 online, 185 policy and regulatory approaches to protection of, 187-190 in public policy, 180-190 setting preferences, 187 technical approaches to protection of, 186-187 Private networks, 70 IP telephony configurations using a dedicated, 158 Problem resolution, 121 Protocols, 3-4, 39n.

Read the entire page →

From page 233...

... , 102 enhanced support for, 79 integrated services (int-serv) , 102-103 measuring, 120 other approaches, 103 relative efficiency of, 101 technologies for, 100n Queuing, 99 Qwest, 163 R R&D, supporting on scaling challenges and reliability and robustness issues, 1920 Rate-adaptation mechanisms, 100 Realizing the Information Future, 126 Recommendations, 18-28 collaboration among researchers, funders, and network operators, 2021 considering long-term benefits of open IP service, 24-25 creating laws and regulations that establish overall parameters only, 27-28 233 for designers and operators, 22-25 developing and demonstrating Internet capabilities through marketplacebased research, 21-22 focusing laws and regulations on concerns identified, 27 fostering the development of open standards for the Internet, 21 for government policy responses, 25-28 improving reliability and robustness, 24 improving reporting of outages, 9, 23 investigating the economics of interconnection, 21 investing in deployment of IPv6 technology, 24 maintaining broad geographic perspective on Internet issues, 28 monitoring persistent Internet phenomena, 25-26 publicizing ISPs' policies for filtering or prioritizing IP traffic, 25 researching triggers for Internet intervention, 26 supporting R&D on scaling challenges and reliability and robustness issues, 19-20 for the technology base, 19-22 Redundancy, 114n Reengineering applications, 6 Regulatory approaches, 26.

Read the entire page →

From page 234...

... See Scarcity of addresses INDEX managing addresses, 65-66 network address translation, 76-77 routing table scaling and address aggregation, 66-71 scarcity of addresses, 71-76 Scaling up the Internet, 53-106 building a better Internet, 53-54 improving quality of service, 98-106 improving reliability and robustness, 81-98 Scarcity of addresses, 8, 71-76 estimating address use and demand, 71-75 international pressures for addresses, 75-76 Security protocols, 142 Service creation at the edges, 170 for interoperation between IP telephony and the PSTN, 168-169 Service delivery, 105 Services, 36 Signaling for interoperation between IP telephony and the PSTN, 168-169 mechanisms for, 102-103 Simple Network Management Protocol S Safe harbor guidelines, 189 Sales tax law, 205n Scalability, 4 Scalable distributed and adaptive design, 4041 Scaling, 54-64 of capacity, 55 of the Internet's naming systems, 58-64 of protocols and algorithms, 56-57 recommendations for supporting R&D on challenges over, 19-20 Scaling challenges, 4-6 Scaling up the address space, 6-8, 64-81 deploying an IPv6 solution, 79-81 IPv6 a potential solution to addressing and configuration, 77-79 Single-purpose devices, rise in the use of, 50-51 Smart card, 203n SNMP. See Simple Network Management Protocol Social policy concerns, 18-19, 177-215 Softswitch Consortium, addressing interoperation between IP telephony and the PSTN, 166 Software failures, 87 Specific Link Layers, 103 Specifications for an application programming interface, 124-125 for complete applications, 125 open, 125 Speed of light considerations, 98 Standards.

Read the entire page →

From page 235...

... See Transmission Control Protocol TDM. See Time division multiplexing Technical approaches, to protecting privacy, 186-187 Technologies communications, 4 to improve robustness, 9 IP, 31 quality-of-service, 100n work-around, 7 Technology base, 19-22 collaboration among researchers, funders and network operators, 2021 developing and demonstrating Internet capabilities through marketplacebased research, 21-22 fostering the development of open standards for the Internet, 21 235 investigating the economics of interconnection, 21 supporting R&D on scaling challenges and reliability and robustness issues, 19-20 Telco to IP architecture, 156 Telco to telco architecture, 156 Telcordia, 72-73 Telecommunications Act of 1996, 167n Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (TIPHON)

Read the entire page →

From page 236...

... See Wireless access protocol Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) , 90, 113, 160 WDM-based bunking, 113 Web caching, 38 Web interface, 5 Wireless access protocol (WAP)

Read the entire page →

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Index Pages 225-236

Index
Pages 225-236