Skip to main content

Currently Skimming:

16 Tris(1,3-Dichloropropyl-2) Phosphate
Pages 358-386

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 358...
... The subcommittee also identified data gaps and recommended research relevant for determining the health risk from exposure to TDCPP. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES TDCPP is a chIorophosphonate that is used as a fire retardant and plasticizer in various plastic foams, resins, and latexes in the U.S.
From page 359...
... Phosphate Properties Value Reference HSDB 1989; IPCS 1998 Chemical formula CgHlsCl6O4P Structure CAS Registry # 1 3674-87-8 CICH 2 ll CH2CI H 1 0 P O C H 1 1 1 Q clcH2 T clcH2 H f CH2CI CH2CI Synonyms 1 ,3-Dichloro-2-propanol phosphonate (3 :1 ) ; Phosphoric acid tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl~ester; 2 Propanol, 1,3-dichloro-, phosphate (3:1~; Tris(2 chloro- 1 -(chloromethyl~ethyl~phosphate; Tris~ 1 chloromethyl-2-chloroethyl~phosphate; Tris(1,3 dichloroisopropyl~phosphate; Tris(1,3-dichloro-2 propyl)
From page 360...
... (Fire Retardant Chemicals Association 1998~. TDCPP was used as a flame retardant in childrens, and infants sleepware until May 1977, when it was withdrawn from sales to the apparel market after published reports that it was mutagenic in bacteria (Sanders 19781.
From page 361...
... Smaller amounts were found in adipose tissue, muscle, and blood. Inhalation No studies were identified that investigated the distribution of TDCPP folTowing inhalation exposure in humans or laboratory animals.
From page 362...
... Metabolism No studies were identified that have investigated the metabolism of TDCPP In humans or laboratory animals following dermal, inhalation, or oral exposure. The major unnarymetabolite of TDCPP formedin rats is bis(l ,3-dichioro-2propyI)
From page 363...
... reported that TDCPP did not produce irritation in rabbit skin or sensitization reactions in guinea pig skin; however, no details on the amounts of TDCPP applied were available to the subcommittee. The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
From page 364...
... Other Effects No toxicity studies were found that investigated the toxic effects of topically-applied TDCPP on neurological, reproductive or developmental parameters in humans or laboratory animals. No studies were identified that investigated the carcinogenicity of TDCPP in humans or laboratory animals following dermal exposure.
From page 365...
... No TDCPP was detected in air samples from various job or exposure areas of the plant (maximal detection limit, 0.13 mg/m3~. Other Effects No toxicity studies were identified that investigated the effects of TDCPP on the immune system, nervous system, the reproductive system, development, or behavior in humans or laboratory animals following inhalation exposure.
From page 366...
... 1980 Stauffer Chemical Company 1977-78, as cited in Ulsamer et al. 1980 Azko Nobel 1998, as cited in CPSC 1999 Azko Nobel 1998, as cited in CPSC 1999 ~ .85- 4.5 g/kg in rats, 2.25- 2.67 g/kg in mice, and 6.8 g/kg in rabbits.
From page 368...
... Males Females Tissue 0 5 20 80 0 5 20 80 12 Month Mean Values LIVER Organ weight 13.86 14.98 15.50 17.52a 8.17 8.73 8.70 10.10a (lug) Organlbody 2.39 2.49 2.89 3.56a 2.60 2.56 2.72 3.25a weight ratio KIDNEY Organ weight 3.19 3.57 3.74 4.70 2.03 2.18 2.27 2.84a (mg)
From page 369...
... in females given 80 mg/kg-d, and the incidence of convoluted tubule hyperplasia was significantly increased in males given 20 and 80 mg/kg-d and females given 80 mg/kg-d (Table ~ 6-4~. An increased incidence of bone marrow erythroid-myeloid hyperplasia was observed in males and females given 80 mg/kg-d, but no bone marrow samples were taken from mates or females in the lower-dose groups.
From page 370...
... Reproductive measures evaluated were mating behavior, fertility, and sperm quantity and quality. Three studies were located that investigated the developmental and maternal toxicity of oral TDCPP in rats: Stauffer Chemical Company 1977-78; Tanaka et al.
From page 371...
... Maternal toxicity observed at 100 mg/kg-d or greater was characterized by reduced body weight and reduced food consumption compared with negative controls (Stauffer Chemical Company 1977-78; Kawashima et al.
From page 372...
... QUANTITATIVE TOXICITY ASSESSMENT Noncancer Dermal Assessment The dermal-toxicity data available on TDCPP are not adequate for developing a dermal RfD. One unpublished subchronic dermal-toxicity study in rabbits
From page 373...
... TR1rS(I,3-DICHLOROPROPYL-2) PHOSPHATE 373 TABLE16-6 Summary ofGenotoxicity Studies ofTris(1,3-dichloropropyl-2)
From page 374...
... lymphoma cells 1980 Chromosome Aberration Mouse ~ + Mouse S9 -PCB induced Brusicket al. lymphoma cells 1980 + Mouse S9 - phenobarbital induced Brusick et al.
From page 375...
... Therefore, there are insufficient inhalation data to derive an inhalation RfC for TDCPP. In the absence of relevant inhalation exposure data, the subcommittee chose to estimate inhalation RfCs from oral RfDs The subcommittee, however, recognizes that it is not an ideal approach and also recognizes that the estimated RfC levels might be considerably different than actual levels (if inhalation data were available)
From page 376...
... Using testicular and seminal vesicle effects as the critical effect and the LOAEL for these effects of 5 mg/kg-d, the oral RfD was then derived by applying a composite uncertainty factor (UF) of 1,000 yielding an oral RfD of 0.005 mg/kg-d (Table 16-7~.
From page 377...
... factors Reference 0.005 Testicular atrophy Male LOAEL: UFA: 1O Bio/dynam~cs and decreased rats 5.0 UFH: 3 1981 seminal vesicle IFS: 10 secretory product UFD: 3 Total: 1,000 LOAEL, lowest-observed-adverse-effect level; NOAEL, no-observed-adverse-effect level; RfD, reference dose; UFA, extrapolation from animals to humans; UFH, ~n~aspecies variability; UFI, NOAEL not determined for critical effect; UFD, inadequate or deficient toxicity database its moderate confidence in the sensitivity ofthe Bio/dynamics (1981) bioassay to detect critical toxic effects, and its inherently conservative approach to deriving the oral RfD.
From page 378...
... Therefore, the study is inadequate for determining the potential carcinogenicity of TDCPP. For the purposes of chracterizing cancer risk, an inhalation unit risk of ~ .71 X 10~~/,ug/m3 was estimated using Equation 16 in Chapter 3 end the oral cancer potency factor for TDCPP.
From page 379...
... . FEMALES Adrenal cortical tumors 14.74 9.21 0.011 0.0068 Kidney cortical tumors 4.21 2.90 0.035 0.024 Liver adenoma 13.95 8.42 0.048 0.0072 Liver adenoma/carc~noma 9.21 6.05 0.017 0.011 combined MALES Testes interstitial cell tumor 1.84 1.58 0.063 0.054 Kidney corticaltumors 3.95 2.37 0.042 0.025 Liver adenoma 13.95 8.95 0.011 0.0072 Liver adenoma/carc~noma 11.05 5.26 0.019 0.0090 combined ED,o, effective dose corresponding to a 10% tumor response in test animals; LEDGE, lower 95% bound on the effective dose corresponding to a 10% tumor response In test animals.
From page 380...
... Using Equation 3 in Chapter 3 and the alternate KP, the dermal daily dose rate for TDCPP was estimated to be 2.6 x 10~3 mg/kg-~. A hazard index of 0.52 was calculated by dividing the estimated daily dermal dose of 2.6 x ~ 0~3 mg/kg~ by the oral RfD for TDCPP of 0.005 mg/kg-~.
From page 381...
... Division of the time-average exposure concentration of 0.48 ,ug/m3 by the provisional RfC for TDCPP of 0.018 mg/m3 gives a hazard index of 2.7 x l o-2. This suggests that under the subcommittee's worst-case exposure assumptions, TDCPP would not be considered a toxic hazard by the inhalation route of exposure.
From page 382...
... Cancer Dermal Human cancer risk for dermal exposure to TDCPP was calculated by multiplying the oral cancer potency factor for TDCPP by the lifetime average dermal dose rates of 1.5 mg/kg-d or 2.6 x ] 0-3 mg/kg-d (see Noncancer Dermal Exposure section)
From page 383...
... An inhalation cancer potency value was not available for TDCPP, therefore a provisional inhalation cancer potency value was derived from oral cancer potency data for TDCPP. Multiplication of the exposure estimates of 0.48 ,ug/m3 for particles times the provisional cancer potency value of 1.71 x 10~5/,ug/m3 produces estimated lifetime cancer risks of 8.2 x 10-6 and suggests that the cancerrisk associated with the inhalation of TDCPP particles is negligible at the given upholstery concentrations and the exposure parameters in the worst-case exposure scenario.
From page 384...
... Based on an oral hazard index of greater than ~ and potential cancer risk from all three routes of exposure, the subcommittee recommends that the potential forparticle an~vapor release andTDCPP release into saline from treated fabric be investigated. REFERENCES Akzo Nobel.
From page 385...
... 1983. Effect of phosphoric acid trimesters flame retardants on the prenatal and postnatal developments of rats.
From page 386...
... Comparative genotoxicity end nephrotoxicity studies ofthe two halogenated flame retardants trist l ,3-dichloro-2-propyl~phosphate and tris(2,3 -dibromopropyl~pho sphate. Acta Pharmacol.


This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.