Uninhabited Air Vehicles Enabling Science for Military Systems (2000) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
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requested that the National Research Council, through the National Materials Advisory Board and the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board, identify long-term research opportunities for supporting the development of technologies for UAVs. The objectives of the study were to identify technological developments that would improve the performance and reliability of "generation-after-next" UAVs at lower cost and to recommend areas of fundamental research in materials, structures, and aeronautical technologies.
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vehicles, to provide a focus on long-term technical advances for reconnaissance and surveillance aircraft · high-speed, maneuverable (HSM) vehicles, to emphasize the potential for a highly survivable, second-generation combat UAV very low-cost vehicles, to highlight performance-cost trade-offs Based on analyses of the notional vehicle types, the committee identified technical needs and opportunities in research and development for major UAV subsystem technologies.
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The committee recommends that the following research opportunities in this area be pursued: · development, validation, and application of computational tools for major subsystem design, including unsteady, nonlinear, three-dimensional aerodynamics models; structural analysis and aeroelasticity models; aerodynamic modeling concepts for designing vehicle control systems; propulsion system models; and simulation models for assessing control laws · validation of manufacturing process models for UAV components · clarification of the role of uncertainty in computational analysis · integration of models and simulations to provide a "virtual mockup" for testing and evaluation of the total system Propulsion Technologies for Small Engines In the past, development costs have been a major factor in the development of UAV propulsion technologies. To meet program budget constraints, the practice has been to adapt existing devices, usually at the expense of both performance and reliability.
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RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES FOR SPECIFIC VEHICLE TYPES In addition to the general research just described, the committee identified research opportunities that would support the development of each notional vehicle type. As the long-range plans and priorities for UAVs emerge, the USAF should include the applicable opportunities in its long-range research program.
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· materials and designs for aeroelastic tailoring · low-rate manufacturing technologies for ultra-lightweight airframe structures The following key subsystem technologies will enable the development of HSM UAVs: nonlinear, unsteady aerodynamics simulation of flow fields for complex configurations modeling tools for propulsion-airframe integration stiff, lightweight structures for highly-loaded propulsion systems fluid seals high-load, long-life bearings probabilistic structural design methods for a high-speed, high-g environment automated manufacturing processes for high-performance structural materials high-temperature composite materials Finally, the following key subsystem technologies will enable the development of very low-cost UAVs: · very low Reynolds number aerodynamics · bearings for long-term storage · low-cost accessories for propulsion systems (e.g., fuel pumps, engine controls, and electrical generators) · structural design criteria for expendable, low-use systems · expanded suite of structural materials (including low-cost, commoditygrade materials)
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