Personnel Needs and Training for Biomedical and Behavioral Research 1978 Report (1978) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
3 Behavioral Sciences
3 Behavioral Sciences
Pages 59-88
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 59... ...
~ The shi ft in training emphasis was suggested in order to promote emergence of "special ized investigators in the area of behavior and health, " while maintaining support in traditional fields " important to the national mental health effort" (NRC, 1975-77: 1977 report ~ . For 2 years now the Committee has had the opportunity to review and discuss the responses of the scientific community to this recommended modification through statements made at the publ ic meetings convened by the Committee in ~ 976 ant]
|
From page 60... ...
Informat ion has been brought to the attention of the Commi ttee that s ugge st s that cer ta i n barr i er s are pr event i ng the act ive recru i tment of cl i n i Cal psycho log i st s, psych i atr i st s, and other mental heal th professionals to conduct mental health research. The Commi ttee in its present report explores opportunities for predoctoral MRSA support for these personnel, the availability of suitabl e sites for their research training and the potential for interdisciplinary research training.
|
From page 61... ...
Cal segments has been made. The clinical fields include clinical psychology, counseling and guidance, and school psychology.
|
From page 62... ...
3.8, 3.39e 10.9% 2.5% 2.6% (1972-76) 917 1,088 1, 390 18,0 34 19,122 In this table clinical behavioral fields include clin~cal and ~chool psychology, counseling, and guidance; nonclinical behavioral fields include anthropology, sociology, and nonclinical psychology.
|
From page 63... ...
, it has been growing at a rate of 25 percent annually since 1972. It is not clear, however, whether this represents a tightening of the market for these psychologi sts or a change in the rote of postdoctoral training in cl inical psychology .
|
From page 64... ...
Under this combination of assumptions, demand for nonclinical Ph.D. faculty in the behavioral sciences is expected to average about 760 positions annually to accommodate both expansion and rep]
|
From page 65... ...
Total Behavioral Undergraduate and Nonclinical {d) Behavioral Ph.D.'s Employedin Colleges and Graduate Enrollment Universities FIGURE 3.1 Behavioral science (psychology, sociology, and anthropology)
|
From page 66... ...
. Expected total annual increment in nonclinical behavioral science Ph.
|
From page 67... ...
3 ~ . As might be expected, however, behavioral science departments receiving federal training grant support had a h igher percentage of f ul ltime students whose pr imary support came from federal funds than id departments without training grants ~ 27 percent versus 11 percent)
|
From page 68... ...
Factors Influencing Predoctoral Support The availability of predoctoral support'was judged by 52 percent of behavioral science departments to be an important factor in determining admissions (Appendix E31)
|
From page 69... ...
Using data derived from the ~ 976 NRC Survey of Biomedical and Behavioral Scientists, compari son was made of 1971-7 5 noncl in ical 6 behav ioral sc fence Ph .
|
From page 70... ...
o In JJ o lo I)
|
From page 72... ...
While the Committee has shown the work activities of 1971-75 nonclinical behavioral science Ph.D.'s to be strikingly similar whether they are employed in academic or nonacademic settings, the impact of the shift to nonacademic employment on the quality of the national health research enterprise must continue to be given careful consideration by the Committee and its Panel on the Behavioral Sciences in the coming year.
|
From page 73... ...
In a speech before the American Federation for Clinical Research, DHEW Secretary Joseph Califano identified five tentative principles that might under~ ie the 5-year plan for the department: The most basic principle, in my judgment, should be this: to maintain, at a h igh level, and enhance our support for fundamental research into biology and behavior .... As we maintain our support for health research we should recogni ze several important ~ imens ions of th i s pr inci pie: .
|
From page 74... ...
RECOMMENDATI ONS Predoctoral/Postd octoral Suppo rt The Committee has reviewed information provided by the scientific community concerning the anticipated impact of its recommendation to shift research training support in the behavioral sciences pr imar i ly to the postdoctoral ~ evel . While critics of this recommendation assert that a reduction in predoctoral support may ultimately result in a shortage of needed research personnel, available statistics continue to support the wisdom of a shift to predominantly postdoctoral support ~
|
From page 75... ...
The Commi ttee thus recommended last ye ar that predoctoral support be concentrated in those fief ds essential to mental health research, where significant advances are now taking place; in those f ields, such as anthropology and demography, that depend on predoctoral support for f ieldwork; and in certain innovat ive areas, such as research on the role of behavior in physical illness and the maintenance of health. Although a shi ft to predominantly postdoctoral support, wi th a steady-state budget, will result in the curtail ment of predoctoral awards in some departments currently receiving support, findings from the Department Survey suggest that.
|
From page 76... ...
The Committee recommends that a joint policy be developed by NIH and ADAMHA for implementing the Committee's recommendations so as to permit suitable departures from the recommended overall ratio of 30 percent predoctoral/70 percent postdoctoral support by those institutes that can demonstrate a need for expanding their support of predoctoral research Training . Postdoctoral training represents a departure from the typical career pattern for the behavioral scientist, although statistics reveal that the number of postdoctoral appointments taken by nonclinical behavioral scientists has been growing at a rate of more than 10 percent per year since 1972.
|
From page 77... ...
However, the Commi ttee has rev dewed data provided by ADA MHA for ~ 976 and FY 1977 and notes that in actual fact there was an increment in the number of new predoctoral fel lowships awarded dur ing that per iod . Of the ~ 23 new NRSA fellowships reported by ADAMHA in FY 1977, 64 were made for predoctoral training O Thi s may be compared to 4 5 pre<3octoral fellowships out of a total of 124 awarded in the behav ioral ~ sc fences in FY 19 7 6 .
|
From page 78... ...
If ·rl He o V o A o o C)
|
From page 79... ...
Finally, pending the assessment of effectiveness of existing minority targeted programs in several behavioral sciences, the Committee remains of the opinion that it would be desirable for ADAMHA to waive the two-year restriction in the case of students who are members of minority groups. Recommendat ion .
|
From page 80... ...
i c at ion s by ADAMHA When the NRSA Act required that a distinction be made between clinical training and research training, ADAMHA, which had long prov ided support for both types of training through NIMH, estab~ ished guidelines by which existing awards could be assigned to either the clinical or the research training category "as the preponderance of evidence" ~ ~ from the grant applications suggested. Since that time, the agency requires app, icants seeking training support to deal are their intent to pursue research or clinical careers 2 and, accordingly, assigns them to the ap- .
|
From page 81... ...
. 15 What distinguishes these clinical psychologyl6 doctoral students from their nonclinical peers is the intensive exposure to various forms of human service del ivery, culminating in an internship period at institutions accredited by the American Psychological Association, at which time the clinical psychology student engages in the supervised performance of testing, i agnos i s, and/or tre a tment of cl i ent s .
|
From page 82... ...
However, evidence reviewed in the past year suggests that the oversimplification of the content of clinical programs in order to qualify for training support may, in the long run, adversely affect the development of graduate training in clinical psychology. Some clinical psychologists believe that this manner of implementing the distinction between research and clinical training will erode the research tradition in clinical psychology.
|
From page 83... ...
This suggests that medical students are not being recruited in s ignif icant numbers into research careers under the NRSA program . 24 It is not cl ear at this point whether the failure of the NRSA program to recru i t phys i c i ens, i nclud i ng psych i atr i st s, i nto mental health research suggests the need for a targeted program such as the M.D./Ph.D.
|
From page 84... ...
These centers are el igible to apply for NRSA training support, although research training is not central to the i r operas ion . In the comi ng year the Commi ttee and its Panel on Behavioral Sciences will assess the feasibility of using these Centers as research training sites for clinicians.
|
From page 85... ...
Other approaches to predoctoral and postdoctoral research training for psychiatrists, cI, nical psychologists, psychiatric nur se s, and red ated mental heal th prof e ssional s al so need to be examined. Especially pressing is the need to bring clinicians from di fferent <3i scip, ines together for multid iscipl inary tra in i ng i n order to foster ad Vance s i n the comprehen s ive treatment of mental health problems, alcohol, and drug abuse.
|
From page 86... ...
3. While it is recogni zed that the speech and hearing sciences may be considered clinical ly oriented f ields, f indings from the 1976 NRC Survey of Biomedical and Behavioral Scientists reveal that over 75 percent of the 1971-75 communication science doctorates were employed in the academic sector and that over 84 percent of the commun ication sc dentists surveyed reported that they spent some part of their total work t ime engaged in research.
|
From page 87... ...
. The term 'residency training' used in the aegis ation applies strictly only to post-graduate training of physicians but in fact the Committee would include in this restriction c, inica~ and practice training for other human service professions listed above.
|
From page 88... ...
cit. The Committee notes, however, that an American Psychological Association task force has proposed accreditation guidelines which would permit professignal degree programs in cl inical psychology to apply for APA approval (APA Monitor, June 1978)
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.