Polymers (1995) / Chapter Skim
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2 Research Opportunities for NRL
2 Research Opportunities for NRL
Pages 4-12
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From page 4... ...
This area is important in a number of practical applications ranging from the behavior of thin layers of polymers as lubricants for magnetic disk heads to the lifetime of polymer protective coatings for ship hulls affected by wear due to waterborne debris. In the related area of drag reduction, a currently dormant field, precise control of polymer surface structure or the use of slowly released soluble polymers, which might affect hydrodynamics, may offer new approaches.
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From page 5... ...
Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction methods now allow one to elucidate the state of order in the 5 nanometers just below polymer surfaces, while near-edge absorption of polarized soft x-rays can interrogate the orientation of molecular segments of polymers at surfaces. New methods based on the contact mechanics technique promise to make it possible to measure simultaneously the work of adhesion, area of contact, and normal and lateral forces between two elastomer surfaces and thus offer the possibility of providing new insights on microscopic mechanisms of friction, adhesion, and wear.
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From page 6... ...
NRL should continue to explore the newer methods of molecular characterization, including, for example, such methods as laser desorption mass spectrometry, which has been used to obtain molecular weight distributions for samples with molecules having molecular weights up to 10 grams per mole (g/mol)
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From page 7... ...
NRL is well positioned to participate in the development of new materials based on supramolecularinteractions. Current NRL investigations of ferroelectric liquid crystals and lipid tubules provide excellent examples of the kinds of novel structures and properties to be realized by taking proper account of both covalent and noncovalent bonds in controlling the architectural features of materials.
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From page 8... ...
Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated the power of simulations to predict polymer properties, especially at interfaces and in solution. Thus, simulation can provide a valuable too} to supplement the ongoing NRL research on the interface between phase-separated domains and would complement current NRL studies in the area of blends and composites.
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From page 9... ...
Large-scale ordering is often also present, and these complex laminated structures have specific interactions within the layers, resulting in excellent overall properties ofthe biocomposites. An understanding of the complexities of structure and morphology leading to these biocomposites should eventually be coupled with improved methods of synthesizing 9 controlled polymer structures, thus translating the knowledge obtained from biosystems into the sphere of synthetic polymers.
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From page 10... ...
Close collaboration with industrial and academic groups is essential. · Nonlinear optical materials are employed to construct optical circuits, and polymeric materials are prime candidates in this field.
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From page 11... ...
The Navy is now equipping its new ships with reverse osmosis units for potable and cooling water. A major area of concern for reverse osmosis systems generally has been related to fouling, which seriously affects the efficiency in regard to conversion of waste water content to potable water and allows for the disposal of the dewatered residues.
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From page 12... ...
NRL Strategic Series Polymers chemical and physical processes associated with fouling, and the hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions with various polymers and their surfaces, allows opportunities for exploring new materials, surfaces, and membrane design to prevent and/or decrease the fouling problems.
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