Dietary Reference Intakes Applications in Dietary Assessment (2000) / Chapter Skim
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6 Using the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Nutrient Assessment of Groups
6 Using the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Nutrient Assessment of Groups
Pages 113-126
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From page 113... ...
. It also provides guidance on the use of the UL in conjunction with the appropriate usual intake distribution to determine the proportion of inclivicluals in a group who may be potentially at risk of adverse effects clue to excessive intake of a nutrient.
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From page 114... ...
. These are clefineci as: · NOAEL is the highest continuing intake of a nutrient at which no adverse effects have been observed in the inclivicluals or groups stuclieci.
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From page 115... ...
10 10 1 Adults (19-70 y) 10 10 1 Pregnant women 10 10 1 Lactating women 10 10 1 Older adults (> 70 y)
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From page 116... ...
Pregnant women Lactating women Older adults (> 70 y) ND 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 10.2m 3.0 10.2m 1 o.2m 1 o.2m 10.2 3.5 4.0 10.2 10.2 45n 6on gol,n 15Ot~n 2801'n 400 400 800 400 400 40 Hyperphosphatemia 3.3 3.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.3 7 1lg/kg 2 Selenosis oc-Tocopherolk,°(mg/d)
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From page 117... ...
3ol7n as well as Adults (19-70 y) 35 50 1.5 reddened skin; Pregnant women 35 occasionally Lactating women 35 accompanied by Older adults (> 70 y)
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From page 118... ...
50 a UL = Tolerable Upper Intake Level: The highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. Unless otherwise specified, the UL represents total intake from food, water, and supplements.
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From page 119... ...
This is regarded as a cosmetic effect rather than a functional adverse effect. k UL represents intake from supplements, food fortif~cants, and pharmacological agents only and does not include intake from food and water.
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From page 120... ...
is unknown, it is not possible to determine the actual risk Likelihood of adverse health effects for each incliviclual in the general population. Until more research is clone in this area, the UL is meant to be used as a guidepost for potential adverse effects and to help ensure that incliviclual intakes do not exceed a safe intake or do so only rarely.
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From page 121... ...
_ o / , , I_ ~ \ / \ ./ i i 1 l / / l l l l / / o In / ~ Hypothetical risk curve s / for adverse effects I In o .m UL NOAEL LOAEL Increasing intake 1 FIGURE 6-1 Hypothetical example of risk of adverse effects compared to population intake. The fraction of the population having usual nutrient intakes above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
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From page 122... ...
is potentially at risk of adverse health effects. Additional information is necessary to judge the significance of the risk.
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From page 123... ...
cat . _ o c' cat I Population distribution of usual supplement intakes Population potentially at risk for adverse effects from supplement use Mean supplement intake UL Increasing supplement intake FIGURE 6-4 Risk analysis when the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
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From page 124... ...
Clinical trials of closes above the UL should not be cliscourageci as long as subjects participating in these trials have signed informed consent documents regarding possible adverse effects, and as long as these trials employ appropriate safety monitoring of trial subjects. In aciclition, the UL is not meant to apply to inclivicluals who are receiving a high close of a nutrient uncler medical supervision.
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From page 125... ...
The amounts of a nutrient consiclereci toxic upon acute exposure are generally considerably higher than the UL, but have not been establisheci for many nutrients. SOME FREQUENTLYASKED QUESTIONS How serious is the risk of adverse effects for individuals chronically consuming nutrients at levels greater than the Tolerable Ubber Intake Level (UL)
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From page 126... ...
~11 we find out in a few years that the RDA and Adequate Intake (AlJ are too low and that higher nutrient intakes are better to prevent specific diseases such as cancer? As our ability to study the chronic effects of various levels of nutrient intakes on humans improves, our knowledge of the relationships between single nutrients and disease prevention will improve.
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