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Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction Study Origin and Scope, 14 Report Organization, 14 2 Road Salt Use in the United States Trends in Road Salt Use, 17 Salt Application and Storage, 19 Salt Use by Jurisdiction and Region, 22 Spending on Road Salt, 27 Deicing Benefits, 28 Managing Road Salt, 29 Summary, 29 3 Effects of Road Salt on Motor Vehicles and Infrastructure Motor Vehicles, 31 Bridge Decks, 42 Other Bridge Components, 49 Other Highway Components, 54 Parking Garages, 58 Underground Objects, 61 Roadside Objects, 62 Summary of Costs, 63 ix 1 13 17 31