Appendix I
Subcommittee Template: Developing a National Standard Set of Spoken Language Categories and Coding
The Subcommittee on Standardized Collection of Race/Ethnicity Data for Healthcare Quality Improvement recommends the collection of the variable spoken “language need” for each individual. Language need is to be assessed through two questions: the first is an individual’s personal assessment of his/her ability to speak English and then their preferred spoken language for a health-related encounter (Recommendation 4-1). Having this information for each individual allows its use to ensure the quality of services in subsequent encounters, in analysis of health care disparities, and in system-level planning (e.g., determining the need for interpreters and matching patients to language-concordant providers). The subcommittee defines limited English proficiency for health care purposes as someone who speaks English less than very well.
When data are shared from one entity to another (e.g., providers to health plan or health plans to states), standardization helps ensure that data can be combined for like categories. Unlike race and Hispanic ethnicity, there is no Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standard for language categories, thus the subcommittee recommends that the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) develop national standard lists of spoken and written languages and codes (Recommendation 6-1a) and that entities choose their categories from the national standard list (Recommendation 4-3) according to the needs of the population they serve or study (Recommendation 4-2). When a health care entity designs its collection instruments, whether paper or electronic, it may, because of space considerations, have to use a limited number of pre-selected response categories. Therefore, such a response list should always include an “Other, please specify: __” option to ensure collection of each person’s language need (Recommendation 4-2). Some electronic data collection systems are more sophisticated, and by using keystroke recognition can accommodate hundreds of languages.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEMPLATE
The subcommittee did not identify a single existing category list that it believed was ready to serve as a national standard set. To develop a template of spoken languages spoken in the United States, the subcommittee compiled the attached list to serve as a draft template of language names and coding possibilities. (An online searchable and sortable Excel version of the list is available at: www.iom.edu/datastandardization.) Census Bureau data on languages spoken at home was a logical place to start to compile lists of languages; the Census has compiled
approximately 530 language names corresponding to about 380 language codes.1 Some of these languages are nearing extinction. Another group, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has established code sets for thousands of languages; the ISO language lists and particularly their coding focus on distinct languages with distinct codes, whereas the Census Bureau is more likely to give related languages the same code. The ISO codes have evolved from a first-generation two-letter coding system (ISO 639-1), to a three-letter system to accommodate additional languages primarily for bibliographic uses (ISO 639-2), to a set that now incorporates more three-letter codes to cover 6,000 known languages in the world (ISO 639-3). The ISO 639-3 codes are intended “to provide a comprehensive set of identifiers for all languages for use in a wide range of applications, including linguistics, lexicography and internationalization of information systems.”2
The subcommittee list began with the Census Bureau’s summary file 3 (SF3) technical documentation list of approximately 530 languages and 380 three digit numerical codes;3 these are presented in the first two columns. Names that are not in all caps are considered to have a relationship to an ALL CAPS language name and receive the same code.4 The Census Bureau could not confirm whether persons speaking the ALL CAPS languages would be understood by those with the same code; the online Excel file can be sorted by the code number to see which languages have overlapping codes. Additional language names, not on the Census list, were added to the Census names column based on previous surveys conducted by Hospital Research & Educational Trust (HRET) of a representative sample of hospitals and the National Association of Community Health Centers of a representative sample of health centers;5 requests to Language Line, an interpretation and translation service;6 and subcommittee collection of additional names from a handful of providers.7 The languages added to the initial Census list are indicated by an * next to the Census code number; the code number assigned was provided by Census Bureau staff to indicate how they would have coded the response; some remain uncoded.8 This resulted in approximately 650 total language names, of which approximately 300 were identified as being used in a health care context. A column was added to indicate categories for which the Modern Language Association reports there were responses in Census 2000;9 the subcommittee ran Census PUMS data but did not find any further languages since languages with smaller numbers of persons reporting the language were aggregated together.
Each language in the first column was then matched to different generations of ISO codes which are alphabetic rather than numeric codes. ISO 639-2 codes are maintained by the Library of Congress and are coded as two letters; the ISO 639-3 codes are three letter codes currently maintained by SIL International. ISO codes start with the most comprehensive set (ISO-639-3); after the codes, the language name under the ISO categorization scheme is listed.
The names of languages often have multiple possible spellings, even between the Census Bureau and ISO 639 language lists there are alternate spellings, and patients may provide an alternative spelling as well. The column,
1 |
U.S. Census Bureau. 2007. Census 2000 Summary File 3–Technical documentation. Appendix G language code list. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. |
2 |
SIL International. 2009. Relationship between ISO 639-3 and the other parts of ISO 639. http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/relationship.asp (accessed July 20, 2009). |
3 |
The Census Bureau included the notation n.e.c. next to a language name to means not elsewhere categorized. Some of the languages that may have fallen into these categories may now be listed in column A due to the additions the subcommittee made to the list of languages. |
4 |
U.S. Census Bureau. 2002. Census 2000 summary file 3: Technical documentation. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf3.pdf (accessed August 3, 2009). |
5 |
Hasnain-Wynia, R., J. Yonek, D. Pierce, R. Kang, and C. H. Greising. 2006. Hospital language services for patients with limited English proficiency: Results from a national survey. Chicago, IL: Health Research and Educational Trust (HRET)/AHA; National Association of Community Health Centers. 2008. Serving patients with limited English proficiency: Results of a community health center survey. Bethesda, MD: National Association of Community Health Centers and National Health Law Program. |
6 |
Language Line Service. 2009. List of languages by Language Line Services. http://www.languageline.com/page/languages/ (accessed June 12, 2009). |
7 |
Personal communications from Emilio Carrillo, New York Presbyterian Hospital, May 11, 2009; Alice Chen, San Francisco General Hospital, July 7, 2009; Maria Moreno and Traci Van, Sutter Health, July 22, 2009; Shiva Bidar-Sielaff, University of Wisconsin Health, May 11, 2009. |
8 |
Personal communication, H. Shin, U.S. Census Bureau, July 13, 2009. |
9 |
Modern Language Association. 2009. All languages reported to the U.S. Census in 2000. http://www.mla.org/map_data_langlist&mode=lang_tops (accessed May 26, 2009). |
Other Names and Additional Information includes some of the alternate spellings and names the subcommittee encountered, but these should not be considered all of the alternative names. Languages might even be called slightly different names, such as Amish, Pennsylvania Dutch, or Pennsylvania German, or be quite different. This need not be a barrier to the list of choices developed locally as long as it is clear on a national standard list how to categorize the alternative spellings or names.
Since the Census language list included names that appeared in responses to earlier censuses, some languages were thought to be no longer in use. The American Indian and Alaska Native languages were reviewed to determine whether they were now considered extinct or nearly extinct by Ethnologue which tracks the world’s living languages. Ethnologue uses the term nearly extinct when “only a few elderly speakers are still living.”10 Notations are made of this status in the column titled, Other Names and Additional Information; approximately 80 of the 650 languages were identified as extinct or nearly extinct.
ADAPTATION OF THE TEMPLATE TO A NATIONAL STANDARD LIST
Arriving at the possible names for a national category list appears fairly straight forward; the accompanying list is likely to identify most that will be encountered. Changes in immigration patterns over time may result in additional names; thus, category and code lists will have to be maintained (Recommendation 6-1a). Deciding on which coding scheme to adopt is more challenging. In its incidental collection of information on languages, the subcommittee encountered more instances of use of the ISO coding scheme; however, the Census has data on languages spoken at home and the degree of limited English proficiency for many languages that entities use to learn about the populations in their service areas. The subcommittee believes that there are advantages to both the Census Bureau and ISO coding schemes for languages, and does not endorse one over the other. The subcommittee indicates the need for HHS to consult with the Census Bureau, the registration authorities for the ISO codes, and others that establish unique coding for interoperability, such as HL7.
If the Census coding approach were to be adopted, the subcommittee notes that the Census list of languages and codes would likely need some additional changes to be useful. The primary limitation of the Census Bureau coding scheme is that it uses the same code for multiple related languages, while the ISO list has unique codes for each language. To the extent that patients who are not English proficient need language assistance services in distinct languages in order to facilitate understanding during patient–provider interactions, a care provider’s ability to track specific languages would be enhanced by unique coding for distinct languages; this could happen by either expanding the Census codes or adopting the detail of the ISO codes. Currently, there is no specific Census code for English. Sign language, an important communication tool, is not a unique language response on the Census, and generally would code the person as speaking English. By contrast, ISO-639 has unique codes for 130 types of sign languages. For health care purposes, some entities have found a separate category noting which persons have speech loss has been useful to understand the communication needs of all patients. Further options for “declined,” “unavailable,” or “unknown” are also useful when data are being recorded to determine the portion of the service population from whom language data have been collected.
The subcommittee did not generate a list of written languages, but illustrates these needs with the experiences of Kaiser Permanente and Contra Costa Health Plans in appendixes G and H. (Contra Costa used ISO two-letter codes supplemented by their own local coding). The ISO codes represent both spoken and written language names; separate script codes apply to written languages, as well, to describe their lettering.11
10 |
Ethnologue. Endangered languages. http://www.ethnologue.com/nearly_extinct.asp (accessed July 20, 2009). |
11 |
SIL International. 2009. Scope of denotation for language identifiers. http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/scope.asp (accessed July 20, 2009). |
TABLE I-1 Subcommittee Template: Comparison of Spoken Language Categories and Coding
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
Abkhazian |
696* |
abk |
abk |
ab |
Abkhazian |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
ABNAKI |
823 |
aaq, abe |
|
|
Abnaki (Eastern, Western) |
Eastern Abnaki - extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ACHINESE |
733 |
ace |
ace |
|
Achinese |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acholi |
785 |
ach |
ach |
|
Acoli |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ACHUMAWI |
885 |
acv |
|
|
Achumawi |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acoma (same code as Laguna) |
924 |
kjq |
|
|
Western Keres (dialect-Acoma) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Afar |
783* |
aar |
aar |
aa |
Afar |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Afghani (coded same as Pashto) |
657 |
prs (Dari Persian) pst (Central Pashto) pbt (Southern Pashto) pbu (Northern Pashto) haz (Hazaragi) uzb (Uzbek) |
|
|
Afghan Languages are multiple (about 50% use Dari and about 35% Pashto; other major languages: Hazaragi, Uzbek Southern) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AFRICAN, not further specified |
799 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AFRIKAANS |
611 |
afr |
afr |
af |
Afrikaans |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
Aguaceto |
968 |
agu |
|
|
Aguacateco |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AHTENA |
848 |
aht |
|
|
Ahtena |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ainu |
723 |
aib (China), ain (Japan) |
ain (Japan) |
|
Ainu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Akan |
796 |
aka (macro with 2 sub: fat (Fanti) and twi (Twi) |
aka |
ak |
Akan |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Aklan |
743* |
mlz (Malaynon) |
|
|
Aklan language of Phillipines include: Malaynon and Akeanon |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ALABAMA |
915 |
akz |
|
|
Alabama |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ALBANIAN |
638 |
sqi (macro with 4 subs) |
sqi / alb |
sq |
Albanian |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
ALEUT |
800 |
ale |
ale |
|
ALEUT |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ALGONQUIAN |
806 |
alq |
|
|
Algonquin |
Carolina Algonquin - extinct |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AMERICAN INDIAN |
966 |
|
|
|
American Indian |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AMHARIC |
780 |
amh |
amh |
am |
Amharic |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
x |
APACHE |
862 |
|
apa (multiple other 639-3 codes) |
|
Apache languages |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
ARABIC |
777 |
ara (macro with 30 sublanguages) |
ara |
ar |
Arabic |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
Arabic Morocan |
777* |
ary |
|
|
Arabic, Moroccan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Arabic Yemen |
777* |
ayh (Hadrami) ayn (Sanaani) acq (Ta’izzi-Adeni) |
|
|
Arabic Yemen (multiple possibilities) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
Aramaic (see below Chaldean with same code) |
779 |
aii (Assyrian Neo-Aramaic) jpa (Aramaic, Jewish Palestine) sam (Aramaic Samaritan) cld (Chaldean Neo Aramaic) |
|
|
Numerous languages with Aramaic in name |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
ARAPAHO |
807 |
arp |
arp |
|
Arapaho |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ARAWAKIAN |
974 |
arw |
arw |
|
Arawak |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ARIKARA |
934 |
ari |
|
|
Arikara |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arkansas |
914 |
qua |
|
|
Quapaw |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
ARMENIAN |
655 |
hye |
hye / arm |
hy |
Armenian |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ashanti (see Twi which has same code) |
796 |
|
|
|
The Ashanti language is Twi (see below) |
Asante |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Asian Indian |
662 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ASSAMESE |
672 |
asm |
asm |
as |
Assamese |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assiniboine |
907 |
asb |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assyrian |
779 |
aii |
|
|
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
ATHAPASCAN |
847 |
|
ath (collective) |
|
Athapascan languages |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATSINA |
808 |
ats |
|
|
Gros Ventre |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATSUGEWI |
886 |
atw |
|
|
Atsugewi |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Austrian |
607 |
bar |
|
|
Bavarian |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AYMARA |
973 |
aym (macro with 2 sublanguages: Central and Southern) |
aym |
ay |
Aymara |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AZERBAIJANI |
690 |
aze (macro with 2 subs: North and South) |
aze |
az |
Azerbaijani |
Azeri |
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
AZTECAN |
956 |
azc (639-5) |
|
|
Uto-Aztecan |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bahasa (same code as Malay) |
739 |
msa (macro) zim (Malay individual language) |
msa/may (macro) |
Ms (macro) |
|
Bahasa Kehangsaan (Indonesia) Bahasa Malaysian (Malaysia) |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
BALINESE |
734 |
ban |
ban |
|
Balinese |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
BALOCHI |
659 |
bal (macro with 3 subs: Eastern, Southern, Western) |
|
bal |
Baluchi |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bambara |
793* |
bam |
bam |
bm |
Bambara |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
Banjuni (see Swahili) |
uncoded; code same as Swahili) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Bannock |
941 |
pao |
|
|
Northern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BANTU |
792 |
|
bnt |
|
Bantu (other) |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bari |
786 |
bfa |
|
|
Bari |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bashkir |
688* |
bak |
bak |
ba |
Bashkir |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
BASQUE |
697 |
eus |
eus / baq |
eu |
Basque |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
Bassa |
796* |
bsq |
|
|
Bassa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
Behdini |
658* |
kmr |
|
|
Behdini's code (bdf) was retired from use and suggest kmr Northern Kurdish |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Bembe |
792 |
bmb |
|
|
Bembe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BENGALI |
664 |
ben |
ben |
bn |
Bengali |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
BERBER |
781 |
|
ber (collective) |
|
Berber (other) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Bhili |
669 |
bhb |
|
|
Bhili |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bhojpuri |
668* |
bho |
bho |
|
Bhojpuri |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
BIELORUSSIAN |
640 |
bel |
bel |
be |
Belarusian |
Belorussian |
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
BIHARI |
668 |
|
bih |
bh |
Bihari |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BIKOL |
747 |
bik (macro with 5 subs) |
bik |
|
Bikol |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BISAYAN (has separate code from Cebuano) |
743 |
bsb (Brunei) bsy (Sabah) |
|
|
Bisayan (Cebuano is a subset of Bisayan) |
|
x |
|
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
Bislama |
604* |
bis |
bis |
bi |
Bislama |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
BLACKFOOT |
809 |
bla |
bla |
|
Siksika |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bosnian |
649 |
bos |
bos |
bs |
Bosnian |
|
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
BRAHUI |
699 |
brh |
|
|
Brahui |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BRETON |
634 |
bre |
bre |
br |
Breton |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
BUGINESE |
730 |
bug |
bug |
|
Buginese |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BULGARIAN |
647 |
bul |
bul |
bg |
Bulgarian |
|
x |
x |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
BURMESE |
717 |
mya |
mya / bur |
my |
Burmese |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
BURUSHASKI |
707 |
bsk |
|
|
Burushaski |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bushman |
790 |
xuu |
|
|
Kxoe |
Khoe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CADDO |
935 |
cad |
cad |
|
Caddo |
Kado, Caddoe; Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cahto |
861 |
ktw |
|
|
Kato |
Extinct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CAHUILLA |
949 |
chl |
|
|
Cahuilla |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CAJUN |
624 |
frc |
|
|
Cajun, French |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
Cambodian (same code as Khmer) |
726 |
|
|
|
Cambodian (see Khmer) |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canjobal |
968 |
knj |
|
|
Kanjobal, Western |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CANTONESE |
711 |
yue (sub of Chinese) |
|
|
Cantonese |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
Carib |
974 |
car (Caribe) crb (Carib Island) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CAROLINIAN |
751 |
cal |
|
|
Carolinian |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CATALONIAN |
626 |
cat |
cat |
ca |
Catalan |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
CAUCASIAN |
696 |
|
cau |
|
Caucasian (other) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CAYUGA |
929 |
cay |
|
|
Cayuga |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cebuano |
744 |
ceb |
ceb |
|
Cebuano |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
CHADIC |
782 |
shu (Chadian Arabic) |
|
|
Chadian Arabic |
Many languages belong to Chadic group and are used beyond borders of Chad; in Chad itself Chadic Arabic is a common language |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chaldean |
779 |
cld |
|
|
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic |
Chaldean dialects |
|
|
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
CHAM |
735 |
cjm (Eastern), cja (Western) |
|
|
Cham (Eastern, Western) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHAMORRO |
752 |
cha |
cha |
ch |
Chamorro |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Chaochow; Chao-Chou; Chaozhou (code differs from Min Nan) |
708 |
|
|
|
Chaochow; Chao-Chou; Chaozhou (see Min Nan-same ISO code) |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
CHASTA COSTA |
859 |
|
|
|
Chasta Costa |
extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHEMEHUEVI |
943 |
|
|
|
Ute-Southern Paiute (see below) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHEROKEE |
933 |
chr |
chr |
|
Cherokee |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
CHETEMACHA |
921 |
ctm |
|
|
Chitimacha |
Extinct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHEYENNE |
810 |
chy |
chy |
|
Cheyenne |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHIBCHAN |
975 |
chb |
chb |
|
Chibcha |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chickasaw |
916 |
cic |
|
|
Chickasaw |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHINESE |
708 |
zho (macro with 13 subs:including cmn Mandarin) |
zho / chi |
zh |
Chinese |
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Chinese Wu, Shanghainese |
715* |
wuu |
|
|
Chinese, Wu, Shanghainese |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Chinook |
883 |
chh |
|
|
Chinook |
Nearly extinct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHINOOK JARGON |
965 |
chn |
chn |
|
Chinook Jargon |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chippewa |
819 |
ciw |
|
|
Chippewa |
Chippewah; Chipewyan |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
CHIRICAHUA |
978 |
apm |
|
|
Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHIWERE |
908 |
|
|
|
|
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHOCTAW |
916 |
cho |
cho |
|
Choctaw |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHUMASH |
901 |
|
|
|
retired code for Chumash |
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chuukese |
761 |
chk |
chk |
|
Chuukese |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
CHUVASH |
684 |
chv |
chv |
cv |
Chuvash |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Circassian (same code as Caucasian) |
696 |
|
|
|
Circassian (see Caucasian languages) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CLALLUM |
835 |
clm |
|
|
Clallam |
Klallam; Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COAST MIWOK |
870 |
csi |
|
|
Miwok, Coast |
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COCOMARICOPA |
892 |
mrc |
|
|
Maricopa |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cocopah (see Delta River Yuman) |
896 |
coc |
|
|
Cocopa |
Delta River Yuman |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COEUR D’ALENE |
836 |
crd |
|
|
Coeur d’Alene |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COLUMBIA |
837 |
col |
|
|
Columbia-Wenatchi |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Colville |
841 |
oka |
|
|
Okanagan-Colville |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COMANCHE |
938 |
com |
|
|
Comanche |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Concow |
868 |
mjd |
|
|
Northwest Maidu |
Konkau; Nearly extinct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coorgi |
698 |
kfa |
|
|
Kodava |
Coorge,Kurja, Khurgi, Kadagi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corsican |
619* |
cos |
cos |
co |
Corsican |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Coushatta |
919 |
cku |
|
|
Koasati |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COWLITZ |
838 |
cow |
|
|
Cowlitz |
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREE |
811 |
cre (macro with 6 sublanguages) |
cre |
cr |
Cree |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Creek |
920 |
mus |
mus |
|
Creek |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Creole |
623* |
many codes to match different types of creole |
|
|
Creole (many choices) |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
CROATIAN |
650 |
hrv |
hrv / scr |
hr |
Croatian |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
CROW |
904 |
cro |
|
|
Crow |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cuna |
975 |
kvn (Border Kuna) cuk (San Blas Kuna) |
|
|
Border Kuna San Blas Kuna |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CUPENO |
950 |
cup |
|
|
Cupeno |
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CUSHITE |
783 |
cus (collective) |
|
|
Cushitic (other) |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CZECH |
642 |
ces |
ces / cze |
cs |
Czech |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
DAKOTA |
907 |
dak |
dak |
|
Dakota |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
DANISH |
615 |
dan |
dan |
da |
Danish |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
Dari |
656 |
prs (gbz for Dari Zoroastrian) |
|
|
Dari Persian |
|
|
x |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
DELAWARE |
812 |
del (macro with 2 subs) |
del |
|
Delaware |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DELTA RIVER YUMAN |
896 |
coc |
|
|
Cocopa |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DIEGUENO |
895 |
dih |
|
|
Kumiai, Northern Diegueno |
Ipai |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dinka |
784 |
din (macro with 5 sub) |
din |
|
Dinka |
|
|
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
DRAVIDIAN |
698 |
|
dra (collective) |
|
Dravidian (other) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DUTCH |
610 |
nld |
nld/dut |
nl |
Dutch |
Flemish |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
x |
Dyula |
793* |
dyu |
dyu |
|
Dyula |
Diula |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
EFIK |
797 |
efi |
efi |
|
Efik |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
English |
|
eng |
eng |
en |
English |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
x |
English Creoles Belize, Guyanese |
601 |
|
cpe |
|
English-based Creoles |
English Creoles Belize, Guyanese |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eosture |
uncoded |
uncoded |
|
|
Eosture |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
ESKIMO |
802 |
|
|
|
Numerous possibilities |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
ESTONIAN |
680 |
est (macro with 2 subs) |
est |
et |
Estonian |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ethiopian |
780* |
|
|
|
Ethiopian |
See Amharic, Tigrigna |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
x |
Ewe |
796 |
ewe |
ewe |
ee |
Ewe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
EYAK |
865 |
ewk |
|
|
Eyak |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fanti |
796 |
fat (sub of Akan) |
fat |
|
Fanti |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FAROESE |
618 |
fao |
fao |
fo |
Faroese |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Farsi |
656 |
prs (same code as Dari Persian) |
|
|
Farsi Eastern Persian |
Farsi Persian |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
FIJIAN |
771 |
fij |
fij |
fj |
Fijian |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Filipino |
742 |
fil |
fil |
|
Filipino |
|
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
FINNISH |
679 |
fin |
fin |
fi |
Finnish |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
Flemish |
610 |
nld (same as Dutch) |
nld/dut |
nl |
Flemish |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
Foo Chow (see FUCHOW) |
713* |
|
|
|
see Min Dong |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
FOOTHILL NORTH YOKUTS (distinguished from Tachi-Valley Yokuts) |
876 |
yok |
|
|
Yokuts (single code; also includes Tachi-Valley Yokuts) |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FORMOSAN (same code as Taiwanese) |
714 |
multiple languages such as dru (Rukai) sai (Saisiyat) tay (Tayal) tsy (Tsou) |
|
|
Formosan |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
FOX (see Meskawkie) |
813 |
sac |
|
|
Fox |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FRENCH |
620 |
fra |
fra/fre |
fr |
French |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
French Canadian (see FRENCH) |
620* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
FRENCH CREE |
816 |
multiple Cree languages |
|
|
French Cree (see Michif) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FRENCH CREOLE |
623 |
cpf |
|
|
French-based Creoles and Pidgin (other) |
|
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
FRISIAN |
612 |
frr frs fry frr Northern; frs Eastern; fry Western |
frr (No.) frs (East) fry West |
fy (Western) |
Frisian |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FUCHOW |
713 |
cdo |
|
|
Min Dong Chinese |
Fuzhou; Foochow, Min Dong; Foochownese |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
Fukianese (see Min Nan) |
714* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fukien (see Min Nan) |
714 |
|
|
|
Fukienese (see Min Nan) |
Fukien; Fukianese |
|
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
FULANI |
794 |
ful (macro with 9 sub languages) |
ful |
ff |
Fulah (also Fula) |
|
X |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
x |
|
x |
|
Fur |
789 |
fvr |
|
|
Fur |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ga |
796 |
gaa |
gaa |
|
Ga |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Gaddang |
uncoded |
gdk |
|
|
Gadang |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Garifuna |
974 |
cab |
|
|
Garifuna |
Caribe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Georgian |
696 |
kat |
kat/geo |
ka |
Georgian |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
GERMAN |
607 |
deu |
deu/ger |
de |
German |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
Ghani (multiple languages coded the same) |
796* |
|
|
|
multiple languages (see specific codes: Ga, Ibo, Igbo, Krahn, Kru, Twi, Ashanti, Bassa, Akan, Ewe, Fanti) |
Ghanian |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
GILBERTESE |
753 |
gil |
gil |
|
Gilbertese |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GONDI |
700 |
gon (macro with 2 subs) |
gon |
|
Gondi |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GORONTALO |
749 |
gor |
gor |
|
Gorontalo |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GREEK |
637 |
ell |
ell/gre |
el |
Greek |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
Greenlandic |
615* |
kal |
kal |
kl |
Greenlandic |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Gros Ventre |
808 |
ats |
|
|
Gros Ventre |
Nearly extinct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Guamanian (see Chamorro, same code) |
752 |
cha |
cha |
ch |
Chammoro |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Guarani |
976 |
grn (macro language with 5 subs) |
grn |
gn |
Guarani |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Guatemalan |
968 |
multiple lanugages |
|
|
Guatemalean |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
GUJARATHI |
667 |
guj |
guj |
gu |
Gujarati |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
GULLAH |
605 |
gul |
|
|
Sea Island Creole English |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GUR |
795 |
gur |
|
|
Farefare |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gwichin (see Kuchin) |
852 |
gwi |
gwi |
|
Gwich’in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HAIDA |
846 |
hai |
hai |
|
Haida |
Northern Haida - nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Haitian Creole |
623 |
hat |
hat |
|
Haitian, Haitian Creoleht |
|
|
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
HAKKA |
709 |
hak (sub of Chinese) |
|
|
Hakka Chinese |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
HAN |
849 |
haa |
|
|
Han |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hausa |
782 |
hau |
hau |
ha |
Hausa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HAVASUPAI |
898 |
yuf |
|
|
Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HAWAIIAN |
776 |
haw |
haw |
|
Hawaiian |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Hawaiian Pidgin |
603 |
hwc |
|
|
Hawaiian Creole |
|
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
HEBREW |
778 |
heb |
heb |
he |
Hebrew |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
HICHITA |
918 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HIDATSA |
905 |
hid |
|
|
Hidatsa |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HINDI |
663 |
hin |
hin |
hi |
Hindi |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
Hindi Fijian |
663/671 |
hif |
|
|
Hindi Fiji |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Hindko |
663* |
hno (Hindko, Northern) hnd (Hindko, Southern) |
|
|
Hindko |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
Hmong |
722 |
hmn (Macro with 24 subs) |
hmn |
|
Hmong |
|
x |
(2 types) xx |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ho Chunk |
909 |
win |
|
|
Ho-Chunk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hokkien (same code as Fukien and Min Nan) |
714 |
|
|
|
Hokkien (see Min Nan) |
Fukien, Southern Min from Fukian |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
HOPI |
948 |
hop |
|
|
Hopi |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hopi-Tewa (see Tewa) |
962 |
tew |
|
|
Tewa (USA) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hualapai |
899 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Huichole |
957 |
hch |
|
|
Huichol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hunanese |
|
hsn |
|
|
Xiang Chinese |
Xiang, Hunan, Hsiang |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
HUNGARIAN |
682 |
hun |
hun |
hu |
Hungarian |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
HUPA |
860 |
hup |
hup |
|
Hupa |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Huron (see Wyandot) |
932 |
|
|
|
|
Extinct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ibanag |
742* |
ibg |
|
|
Ibanag |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Ibibio |
797 |
ibb |
|
|
Ibibio |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ibo (also see Igbo) |
796 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
ICELANDIC |
617 |
isl |
isl/ice |
is |
Icelandic |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
Igbo |
796 |
ibo |
ibo |
ig |
Igbo |
Ibo |
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Igorot |
746 |
multiple languages |
|
|
Igorot |
Igorot ethnic groups in Phillipines |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ILOCANO |
746 |
ilo |
ilo |
|
Iloko |
Ilokano |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
x |
|
x |
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
Ilongo |
743 |
Ilk |
|
|
Ilongot |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
India languages |
662* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
INDIA, nec |
662 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
Indigenous Central American |
uncoded |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indigenous Mexican |
625* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
INDONESIAN |
732 |
ind |
ind |
id |
Indonesian |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
x |
INGALIT |
850 |
|
|
|
|
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inupiaq |
803 |
ipk |
ipk |
ik |
Inupiaq |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INUPIK |
803 |
|
|
|
(see Inupiaq) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Iowa |
908 |
iow |
|
|
Iowa-Ota |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Iranian, other |
656* |
|
|
|
Iranian, other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
IRISH GAELIC |
635 |
gle |
gle |
ga |
Irish |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
IROQUOIS |
925 |
iro |
|
|
Iroquoian languages |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Isleta (see Tiwa) |
960 |
|
|
|
(see Tiwa) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ITALIAN |
619 |
ita |
ita |
it |
Italian |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
Jakartanese |
uncoded |
|
|
|
Jakartanese |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
JAMAICAN CREOLE |
601 |
jam |
|
|
Jamaican Creole English |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JAPANESE |
723 |
jpn |
jpn |
ja |
Japanese |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
JAVANESE |
736 |
jav |
jav |
jv |
Javanese |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
JICARILLA |
977 |
apj |
|
|
Jicarilla Apache |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KACHIN |
719 |
kac |
kac |
|
Kachin |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KALISPEL |
981 |
fla |
|
|
Kalispel-Pend d’Oreille |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KAN, HSIANG |
710 |
hsn |
|
|
Xiang Chinese |
Xiang, Hunan, Hsiang |
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Kanalese |
uncoded |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kanjobal/Kanjoval (see Conjobal) |
968* |
kgb for Kanjobal; knj for Kanjobal Western |
|
|
Kanjobal |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
KANNADA |
702 |
kan |
kan |
kn |
Kannada |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
KANSA |
910 |
ksk |
|
|
Kansa |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KARACHAY |
688 |
krc |
krc |
|
Karachay-Balkar |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KARAKALPAK |
685 |
kaa |
kaa |
|
Kara-Kalpak |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KAREN |
718 |
|
kar (16 other specific Karen language codes) |
|
Karen Languages |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
KAROK |
887 |
kyh |
|
|
Karok |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KASHMIRI |
673 |
kas |
kas |
ks |
Kashmiri |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|||||
KASHUBIAN |
643 |
csb |
csb |
|
Kashubian |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KAWAIISU |
944 |
xaw |
|
|
Kawaiisu |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KAZAKH |
686 |
kaz |
kaz |
kk |
Kazakh |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
KERES |
924 |
kee (Keres Eastern) kjq (Keres Western) |
|
|
Keres |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Keresan |
924 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Khmer |
726 |
khm (Central Khmer) kxm (Northern Khmer) |
khm |
km |
Khmer, Central and Northern) |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
KHOISAN |
790 |
|
khi (collective language) |
|
Khoisan (Other) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KICKAPOO |
814 |
kic |
|
|
Kickapoo |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kikuyu |
792 |
kik |
kik |
ki |
Kikuyu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kinyarwanda |
792 |
kin |
kin |
rw |
Kinyarwanda |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
KIOWA |
863 |
kio |
|
|
Kiowa |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KIOWA-APACHE |
980 |
apk |
|
|
Kiowa Apache |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KIRGHIZ |
687 |
kir |
kir |
ky |
Kirghiz |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Kirundi |
792* |
run |
run |
rn |
Rundi |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
KLAMATH |
880 |
kla |
|
|
Klamath-Modoc |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KOASATI |
919 |
cku |
|
|
Koasati |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Konkani |
666 |
kok (macro with 2 subs) kmn (Konkani as an individual language) |
|
|
Konkani |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
KOREAN |
724 |
kor |
kor |
ko |
Korean |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
Kosovan |
uncoded |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Kosraean (see Kusaiean) |
754 |
kos |
kos |
|
Kosraean |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KOYUKON |
851 |
koy |
|
|
Koyukon |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kpelle |
793 |
kpe (macro with 2 subs) |
kpe |
|
Kpelle |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Krahn |
796* |
kqo (Eastern Krahn) krw (Western Krahn) |
|
|
Krahn |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
KRIO |
602 |
kri |
|
|
Krio |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
KRU, IBO, YORUBA |
796 |
kro (collective) |
|
|
Kru languages |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KUCHIN (see Gwichin) |
852 |
|
|
|
|
Kutchin; Athabaschan language |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KURDISH |
658 |
kur (macro with 3 subs) kmr (Northern Kurdish) |
kur |
ku |
Kurdish |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Kurmanji |
658 |
kmr |
|
|
|
Kurdi |
|
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
KURUKH |
705 |
kru |
kru |
|
Kurukh |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KUSAIEAN (see Kosraean) |
754 |
|
|
|
Kusaiean |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KUTENAI |
828 |
kut |
kut |
|
Kutenai |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
KWAKIUTL |
830 |
kwk |
|
|
Kwakiutl |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LADINO |
627 |
lad |
lad |
|
Ladino |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Laguna (same code as Acoma) |
924 |
kjq |
|
|
Western Keres (dialect-Laguna) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lakota |
907 |
lkt |
|
|
Lakota |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
LANGUAGE SPECIFIED, NOT LISTED |
983-998 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LAOTIAN |
725 |
lao |
lao |
lo |
Lao |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
LAPP |
681 |
smn |
smn |
|
Inari Sami |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Latin |
coded as English |
lat |
lat |
la |
Latin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Latvian (see Lettish) |
654 |
lav |
lav |
lv |
Latvian |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
Lebanese |
777* |
apc |
|
|
Northern Levantine Arabic |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Lenape |
812 |
|
|
|
|
extinct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LETTISH (see Latvian) |
654 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lingala |
792* |
lin |
lin |
ln |
Lingala |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
LITHUANIAN |
653 |
lit |
lit |
lt |
Lithuanian |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
LOWER CHEHALIS |
833 |
cea |
|
|
Lower Chehalis |
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Luganda |
792 |
lug |
lug |
lg |
Ganda |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
LUISENO |
951 |
lui |
lui |
|
Luiseno |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lummi |
839 |
str |
|
|
See Salish, North Straits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Luo |
785 |
luo (Kenya and Tanzania) luw (Cameroon) |
luo |
|
Luo |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LUSATIAN |
644 |
xls |
|
|
Lusitanian |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Lusoga |
792* |
xog |
|
|
Soga |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LUXEMBOURGIAN |
613 |
ltz |
ltz |
lb |
Luxemburgish |
Luxembourgeois |
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Maay |
703* |
ymm |
|
|
Maay |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
MACEDONIAN |
648 |
mkd |
mkd/mac |
mk |
Macedonian |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
MADURESE |
737 |
mad |
mad |
|
Madurese |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maidu (see Mountain Maidu) |
867 |
nmu (Northeast) vmv (Valley) |
|
|
Northeast Maidu; Valley Maidu |
Northeast Maidu-nearly extinct; Valley Maidu - extinct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MAKAH |
829 |
myh |
|
|
Makah |
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MALAGASY |
738 |
mlg (macro with 10 sub languages) |
mlg |
mg |
Malagasy |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
MALAY |
739 |
msa (macro with 13 subs) |
|
ms |
Malay |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
MALAYALAM |
703 |
mal |
mal |
ml |
Malayalam |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
Maldivian |
677 |
div |
div |
dv |
Maldivian |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maltese |
777* |
mlt |
mlt |
mt |
Maltese |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Mam |
968 |
mam |
|
|
Mam |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MANDAN |
906 |
mhq |
|
|
Mandan |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
MANDARIN |
712 |
cmn |
|
|
Mandarin Chinese |
|
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
MANDE |
793 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mandingo |
793 |
man (macro with 7 subs: e.g., mnk Mandinka) |
man |
|
Mandingo |
Mandigo; Mandinka |
|
|
|
x |
|
x |
x |
|
x |
|
MAORI |
774 |
mri (Maori) rar (Maori Cook Islands) |
mri/mao rar |
mi |
Maori |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MAPUCHE |
970 |
arn |
arn |
|
Mapuche |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MARATHI |
666 |
mar |
mar |
mr |
Marathi |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
MARQUESAN |
772 |
mrq (Marquesan North) mqm (Marquesan South) |
|
|
Marquesan |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MARSHALLESE |
755 |
mah |
mah |
mh |
Marshallese |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
Masai |
786 |
mas |
mas |
|
Masai |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maya |
968 |
yua |
|
|
Yucateca |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MAYAN LANGUAGES |
968 |
|
myn (collective) |
|
Mayan Languages |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MBUM AND RELATED |
798 |
mdd |
|
|
Mbum |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MELANESIAN |
765 |
|
|
|
Melanesian |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mende |
793 |
men |
men |
|
Mende (Sierra Leone) |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mende |
793 |
sim |
|
|
Mende (Papua New Guinea) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MENOMINI |
815 |
mez |
|
|
Menominee |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mescalero Apache |
978 |
apm |
|
|
Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mesquakie |
813 |
sac |
|
|
Mesquaki |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mexican |
625* |
|
|
|
Mexican |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mexicano |
956 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MIAMI |
817 |
mia |
|
|
Miami |
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MIAO, HMONG |
722 |
7 different subs of Hmong (hmn) 20 specific Miao named languages |
|
|
Miao, Hmong |
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
MIAO-YAO, MIEN |
721 |
|
|
|
Miao-Yao, Mien |
|
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
x |
Miccosukee |
917 |
mik |
|
|
Mikasuki |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MICMAC |
818 |
mic |
mic |
|
Micmic |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MICRONESIAN |
750 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mien |
721 |
ium |
|
|
lu Mien |
Yiu Mien, Ban Yao |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MIKASUKI |
917 |
mik |
|
|
Mikasuki |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
Min (the 708 code differenciates from Min Nan) |
708 |
mnp Min Bei Chinese cdo Min Dong Chinese nan Min Nan Chinese czo Min Zhong Chinese |
|
|
Min dialects |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Min Nan |
714 |
nan (sub of Chinese with dialects without codes: Hokkien |
|
|
Min Nan |
Minnan, including Taiwanese, |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Mina |
uncoded |
hna |
|
|
Mina (Cameroon) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mina |
uncoded |
myi |
|
|
Mina (India) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MINANGKABAU |
740 |
min |
min |
|
Minangkabau |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Mirpuri |
665 |
|
|
|
Mirpuri |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Miskito (see MISUMALPAN) |
967 |
miq |
cai (central American Indian collective code) |
|
Miskito |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MISUMALPAN (see Miskito) |
967 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mitchif (see French Cree) |
816 |
crg |
|
|
Michif |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miwok |
872 |
|
|
|
|
Central Sierra Miwok, Northern Sierra Miwok, Lake Miwok - nearly extinct; Bay Miwok - extinct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mixtec |
971 |
52 separate individual languages with no macro or collective category |
|
|
Mixtec (Mixteco, Mixtex, Mexico) |
|
|
x |
xx 2 types |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
Miytero |
uncoded |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Modoc (see Klamath Modoc) |
880 |
kla |
|
|
Klamath-Modoc |
Nearly extinct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MOHAVE |
893 |
mov |
|
|
Mohave |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MOHAWK |
926 |
moh |
moh |
|
Mohawk |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MOKILESE |
756 |
mkj |
|
|
Mokilese |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Moldovan (Romanian dialect) |
631* |
ron |
ron/rum |
ro |
Moldovan (Romanian dialect) |
|
|
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
MOLUCCAN |
731 |
max (Northern Maluku) alo Larike-Wakasilu |
|
|
Maluku |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MONGOLIAN |
694 |
mon (macro with 2 subs) |
mon |
mn |
Mongolian |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
MON-KHMER, CAMBODIAN |
726 |
|
mkh (collective) |
|
Mon-Khmer Other) |
|
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
MONO |
939 |
|
|
|
|
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Montenegrin |
651* |
srp |
|
|
Serbian |
South Slavic |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Mordvin |
683 |
myv |
myv |
|
Erzya |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MORTLOCKESE |
757 |
mrl |
|
|
Mortlockese |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MOUNTAIN MAIDU (see Maidu) |
867 |
|
|
|
(see Northeast Maidu) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Muckleshoot (see Puget Sound Salish) |
842 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MUNDA |
706 |
unx (Munda as individual language) |
mun (collective) |
|
Munda |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MUONG |
729 |
mtq |
|
|
Muong |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MUSKOGEE (see Creek) |
920 |
mus |
|
|
Creek (Muskogee) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nahuatl |
956 |
28 individual languages with codes |
nah (collective) |
|
Nahuatl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Native American Indian |
966* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NAURUAN |
758 |
nau |
nau |
na |
Nauru |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
NAVAHO |
864 |
nav |
nav |
nv |
Navaho/Navaj o |
|
|
|
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Navajo |
864 |
nav |
nav |
nv |
Navajo |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ndebele |
792 |
nde (North) nbl (South) |
nde (North) nbl (South) |
nd (North) nr (South) |
Ndebele |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Neapolitan |
uncoded |
nap |
nap |
|
Neapolitan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
NEPALI |
674 |
nep |
nep |
ne |
Nepali |
Nepalese |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
x |
NEZ PERCE |
881 |
nez |
|
|
Nez Perce |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nigerian |
796 |
mzk (Mabile) fuv (Fulfulde) |
|
|
Nigerian |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nigerian Pidgin English |
796/604* |
pcm |
|
|
Nigerian Pidgin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
NILO-HAMITIC (see other languages coded 786) |
786 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NILO-SAHARAN |
789 |
|
ssa (collective) |
|
Nilo-Saharan (Other) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NILOTIC (see other languages coded 785) |
785 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nisqualli (see Puget Sound Salish) |
842 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NIUEAN |
769 |
niu |
niu |
|
Niuean |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOMLAKI |
873 |
wit |
|
|
Wintu |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOOTKA |
831-832 |
noo |
|
|
Nootka |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
NOOTSACK |
840 |
|
|
|
|
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
NORTHERN PAIUTE |
941 |
pao |
|
|
Northern Paiute |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
NORTHWEST MAIDU (see Concow) |
869 |
|
|
|
|
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NORWEGIAN |
616 |
nor (macro with 2 subs) |
nor |
no |
Norwegian |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
x |
Norwegian Bokmal |
616 |
nob |
nob |
nb |
Norwegian Bokmal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Norwegian Nynorsk |
616 |
nno |
nno |
nn |
Norwegian Nynorsk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
NOT REPORTED |
999 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NUBIAN |
787 |
|
nub (collective) |
|
Nubian Languages |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nuer |
785 |
nus |
|
|
Nuer |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
NUKUORO |
775 |
nkr |
|
|
Nukuoro |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Occitan |
621* |
oci |
oci |
oc |
Occitan |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Oglala |
907 |
|
|
|
see Lakota |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OJIBWA |
819 |
oji (macro with 7 subs) |
oji |
oj |
Ojibwa |
Ojibway |
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
OKANOGAN |
841 |
oka |
|
|
Okanagan |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OMAHA |
911 |
oma |
|
|
Omaha-Ponca |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ONEIDA |
927 |
one |
|
|
Oneida |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ONONDAGA |
928 |
ono |
|
|
Onondaga |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ORIYA |
670 |
ori |
ori |
or |
Oriya |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Oromo |
783 |
orm (macro with 4 subs) |
orm |
om |
Oromo |
|
|
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
OSAGE |
912 |
osa |
osa |
|
Osage |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OSSETE |
661 |
oss |
oss |
os |
Ossetian, Ossetic |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Otham |
954* |
stp |
|
|
possibly Tephuan, Southeastern |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
Other African languages |
composite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
Other and unspecified languages |
999 |
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
OTHER ATHAPASCAN-EYAK LANGUAGES |
861 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Indic languages |
composite |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Indo-European languages |
composite |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other language |
composite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
x |
Other Native North American languages |
composite |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Slavic languages |
composite |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other specified languages |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
Other West Germanic languages |
composite |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTO-MANGUEN |
971 |
|
oto (collective) |
|
Oto-Manguen |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Otomi |
971 |
otm (Eastern Highland) ots (Estado de Mexico), otz Ixtenco , ote Mezquital), otq (Queretano), ott (Temoaya), otx (Texcatepec), otl (Tilapa) |
oto (collective) |
|
Otomi (9 individual languages) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTTAWA |
820 |
otw |
|
|
Ottawa |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PACHUCO |
628 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
PACIFIC GULF YUPIK |
801 |
ems |
|
|
Pacific Gulf Yupik (see Yupik for other languages) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pahari |
665* |
kfx (Kulla) pfz (Mahasu) phr (Potwari) |
|
|
Pahari |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PAIUTE |
940 |
pao |
|
|
Northerrn Paiute (see Ute-Southern Paiute below) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PAKISTAN, nec |
676 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
PALAU |
759 |
pau |
pau |
|
Paluan |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paleo-siberian |
804* |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PAMPANGAN |
748 |
pam |
pam |
|
Pampanga |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
PANAMINT |
947 |
par |
|
|
|
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PANGASINAN |
745 |
pag |
|
pag |
Pangasinan |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
PANJABI |
665 |
pan |
pan |
pa |
Panjabi |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
x |
Papago |
954 |
ood |
|
|
see Tohon O’odham |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PAPIA MENTAE |
630 |
pap |
pap |
|
Papiamento |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PASHTO |
657 |
pst (Central) pbt (Southern) pbu (Northern) |
|
|
Pashto |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
PASSAMAQUODDY |
821 |
pqm |
|
|
Malecite-Passamaquod dy |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PATOIS |
622 |
gcf (Guadeloupean Creole French), jam (Jamaican Creole), gcr (Guianese Creole French) |
|
|
Patois (several options) |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
PATWIN (dialect of Wintu but Wintu has different code) |
874 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PAWNEE |
936 |
paw |
|
|
Pawnee |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH |
608 |
pdc |
|
|
Pennsylvania German |
Pennsylvania Dutch, Amish, Amish-German |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PENOBSCOT |
822 |
|
|
|
|
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERSIAN |
656 |
fas (macro with 2 subs: prs Dari Persian and pes Western Persian) |
|
fa |
Persian |
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
Phillipine Other |
742 |
|
|
|
Phillipine Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
PICURIS (see Taos and separate code for Tiwa) |
959 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PIDGIN |
604 |
cpi (Pidgin English, Chinese), wes (Pidgin Cameroon), pcm (Pidgin, Nigerian), tvy (Pidgin Timor), dep (Pidgin Delaware) |
|
|
multiple types of Pidgin |
Delaware Pidgin - extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PIMA |
954 |
pia |
|
|
Pima Bajo |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pit River (see Achumawi) |
885 |
|
|
|
(see Achumawi) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PLAINS MIWOK |
871 |
pmw |
|
|
Plains Miwok |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
POLISH |
645 |
pol |
pol |
pl |
Polish |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
POLYNESIAN |
766 |
|
|
|
Polynesian |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
POMO |
888 |
pmm (Pomo) |
|
|
|
Central Pomo, Southeasten Pomo, Southern Pomo - nearly extinct; Eastern Pomo, Northeastern Pomo, Northern - extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PONAPEAN |
760 |
pon |
pon |
|
Pohnpeian |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PONCA (see Omaha but different code) |
913 |
oma |
|
|
Omaha-Ponca (both languages given same code) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PORTUGUESE |
629 |
por |
por |
pt |
Portuguese |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
Portuguese Creole |
629 |
|
cpp |
|
Portuguese-based Creoles and Pidgins (other) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
POTAWATOMI |
824 |
pot |
|
|
Potawatomi |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
PROVENCAL |
621 |
frp |
|
|
Franco-Provencal |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PUGET SOUND SALISH |
842 |
slh (South Puget Sound) str (Straits) |
|
|
PUGET SOUND SALISH, Southern |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pular |
794 |
fuf |
|
|
Pular |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
Punjabi |
665 |
pan |
pan |
pa |
Punjabi |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pushto |
656 |
pus (macro with 3 sub Pashto languages) |
pus |
ps |
Pushto |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Puyallup (see Puget Sound Salish) |
842 |
|
|
|
(See Puget Sound Salish, Southern) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
QUAPAW |
914 |
qua |
|
|
Quapaw |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quechan |
894 |
yum |
|
|
Quechan |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
QUECHUA |
972 |
que (macro with 44 subs of Quechua or Quichua) |
que |
qu |
Quechua |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quiche |
968 |
quc |
|
|
Quiche |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Quileute |
830 |
qui |
|
|
Quileute |
Quileute; Nearly extinct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
QUINAULT |
843 |
qun |
|
|
Quinault |
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RAJASTHANI |
669 |
raj (macro with 6 subs) |
raj |
|
Rajasthani |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RAROTONGAN |
773 |
rar |
rar |
|
Rarotongan |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RHAETO-ROMANIC |
632 |
|
|
rm |
Rhaeto-Romanic |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Romanian |
631 |
ron |
ron/rum |
ro |
Romanian (See below) |
Romanian |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
Romansch |
632 |
roh |
roh |
rm |
Romansch |
Romance; Romany;Romansch |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
ROMANY |
678 |
rom (macro with 7 subs of Romany or Romani) |
|
|
Romany see above too |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RUMANIAN |
631 |
ron |
ron/rum |
ro |
Romanian |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RUSSIAN |
639 |
rus |
rus |
ru |
Russian |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
SAHAPTIAN (close to Nez Perce and Klamath) |
882 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAHARAN |
788 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAINT LAWRENCE ISLAND YUPIK |
804 |
ess |
|
|
Central Siberian Yupik |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SALISH |
839 |
slh (South Puget Sound) str (Straits) |
|
|
SALISH |
SALISH; Straits Salish - nearly extinct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAMOAN |
767 |
smo |
smo |
sm |
Samoan |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
x |
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
Samoyed (see other Uralic languages) |
683 |
|
|
|
multiple languages (Uralic and Samoyed roots like Enets, Forest enf and Enets, Tundra enh) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SAN CARLOS |
979 |
apw |
|
|
Apache, Western (differs from other Apache codes) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
San Carlos Apache (different code than Apache) |
979 |
apw |
|
|
Apache, Western (differs from other Apache codes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
San Juan |
962 |
poe (S.J. Atzingo Popoloca), mjc (S.J. Colorado Mixtec), zab (S.J. Guelavia Zapoteca), xtz (S. J. Teita Mixtec) |
|
|
San Juan (multiple languages) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SANDIA (different code than Isleta) |
961 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sango |
798* |
sag |
sag |
sg |
Sango |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Sanskrit |
662 |
san |
san |
sa |
Sanskrit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Santa Clara (dialect of Tewa) |
962 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SANTIAM |
878 |
kyl |
|
|
Kalapuya |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SARAMACCA |
606 |
srm |
|
|
Saramaccan |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scandinavian languages |
composite |
|
|
|
Scandinavian languages |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SCOTTIC GAELIC |
636 |
sco (Scots) gla (Scottish Gaelic |
sco gla |
gd (Scottish Gaelic) |
Scots; Scottic Gaelic; |
Scotish; Scottic Gaelic; |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
SEBUANO |
744 |
ceb |
ceb |
|
Cebuano |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Seminole |
920 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SENECA |
930 |
see |
|
|
Seneca |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SERBIAN |
651 |
srp |
srp/scc |
sr |
Serbian |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
SERBOCROATIAN |
649 |
hbs (macro with 3 subs: bos Bosnian, hrv Croatian, srp Serbian) |
|
sh |
Serbo-Croatian |
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
Serokoli |
uncoded |
|
|
|
|
Serokola |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
SERRANO |
952 |
ser |
|
|
Serrano |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
Sesotho |
792* |
sot (Southern) nso (Northern) |
sot nso |
st |
Sotho |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Setswana |
792* |
tsn |
tsn |
tn |
Tswana |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Shanghainese |
715 |
wuu (sub of Chinese with own code) |
|
|
Wu Chinese |
|
|
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
x |
SHASTAN |
889 |
sht |
|
|
Shasta |
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SHAWNEE |
825 |
sjw |
|
|
Shawnee |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shona |
792 |
sna |
sna |
sn |
Shona |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
SHOSHONI |
946 |
shh |
|
|
Shoshoni |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SIBERIAN LANGUAGES, nec |
727 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Siberian Yupik |
804 |
ess |
|
|
Central Siberian Yupik |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sicilian |
619* |
scn |
scn |
|
Sicilian |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
SIERRA MIWOK |
872 |
skd |
|
|
Southern Sierra Miwok |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SINDHI |
675 |
snd |
snd |
sd |
Sindhi |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
SINHALESE |
677 |
sin |
sin |
si |
Sinhalese/Sin hala |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Sioux |
907 |
sio (collective) |
|
|
Siouan Languages |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SIUSLAW |
879 |
sis |
|
|
Siuslaw |
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Slavic |
649 |
sla |
|
|
Slavic (Other) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
SLOVAK |
646 |
slk |
slk/slo |
sk |
Slovak |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
SLOVENE |
652 |
slv |
slv |
sl |
Slovenian |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Sogdian |
689* |
sog |
sog |
|
Sogdian |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Somali |
783 |
som |
som |
so |
Somali |
|
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
Songhai |
789 |
son |
|
|
Songhai languages |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Soninke |
793* |
snk |
snk |
|
Soninke |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
x |
SONORAN (n.e.c) |
957-958 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sorani |
658* |
ckb |
|
|
Central Kurdish |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Sorbian languages |
644* |
hsb (Upper Sorbian) dsb (Lower) |
wen (collective) hsb (Upper) dsb (Lower) |
|
Sorbian languages |
|
|
xx 2 types |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
South American Indian (Other) |
|
|
sai (collective) |
|
South American Indian (Other) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
SOUTHERN MAIDU |
869 |
nsz |
|
|
Nisenan |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SOUTHERN PAIUTE (different code than Ute) |
942 |
ute |
|
|
(coded same as Ute-Southern Paiute) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SPANISH |
625 |
spa |
spa |
es |
Spanish |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
SPOKANE |
982 |
spo |
|
|
Spokane |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
SUDANIC |
784 |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUNDANESE |
741 |
sun (Sudanese) apd (Sudanese Arabic) pga (Sudanese Creole Arabic) |
sun |
su |
Sudanese |
Sudanese/Nuer-Sudanese Sudanese Arabic |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
x |
SUNDANESE |
740 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Suquamish |
842 |
squ |
|
|
Suquamish |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SWAHILI |
791 |
swa (macro with 2 subs) swh (swahili as an individual language) |
swa (macro) |
sw |
SWAHILI |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
x |
SWEDISH |
614 |
swe |
swe |
sv |
Swedish |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
x |
x |
Swiss |
607 |
gsw |
gsw |
|
Swiss German |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sylhetti |
664* |
syl |
|
|
Sylheti |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
SYRIAC |
779 |
syr (macro language with Assyrian and Chaldean Neo Aramaic) |
syr |
|
Syriac |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TACHI (different code from Foothill North Yokuts) |
877 |
yok |
|
|
Yokuts (single code; see also Foothill North Yokuts) |
Valley Yokuts |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TADZHIK (distinguished from Tajik) |
660 |
|
|
|
Tadzhik (does not appear to be distinguished from Tajik) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TAGALOG |
742 |
tgl |
tgl |
tl |
Tagalog |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
Tahitian |
772 |
tah |
tah |
ty |
Tahitian |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taiwanese (see Min Nan) |
714 |
dialect of Hokkien then of Min Nan |
|
|
Taiwanese |
Tawainese; Tiawanese |
|
x |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
x |
Tajik |
656* |
tgk |
tgk |
tg |
Tajik |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
TAMIL |
704 |
tam |
tam |
ta |
Tamil |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
TANACROSS |
856 |
tcb |
|
|
Tanacross |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TANAINA |
854 |
tfn |
|
|
Tanaina |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TANANA |
855 |
taa (Upper) tau (Lower) |
|
|
Tanana |
Lower Tanana - nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taos (see also Picuris) |
959 |
twf |
|
|
Northern Tiwa (Taos is dialect of) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
Tarahumara |
957 |
tar (Central), tac (Lowland), thh (Northern), tcu (Sutheastern), twr (Southwestern) |
|
|
Tarahumara |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TARASCAN |
969 |
tsz (Purepecha) pua (Western Highland Purepecha) |
|
|
Purepecha |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tatar |
688 |
tat (Tatar) crh (Crimean Tartar) |
tat chr |
tt |
Tatar |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Teluga |
701* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
TELUGU |
701 |
tel |
tel |
te |
Telegu |
Telegu |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Temne |
794 |
tem |
|
|
Timne |
Themne |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Teochau |
uncoded |
|
|
|
|
Teochew (related to Southern Min) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
TEWA (Hopi-Tewa) |
962 |
Twe (Indonesia) Tew (USA) |
|
|
Tewa |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
THAI |
720 |
tha |
tha |
th |
Thai |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
TIBETAN |
716 |
bod |
bod/tib |
bo |
Tibetan |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
x |
Tigre |
780* |
tig |
|
tig |
Tigre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Tigrigna |
780 |
tir |
tir |
ti |
Tigrinya |
Tigrinian; Tigrigna; Tigrinya |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
TILLAMOOK |
844 |
til |
|
|
Tillamook |
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TIWA |
960 |
lax |
|
|
Tiwa |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TLINGIT |
866 |
tli |
tli |
|
Tlingit |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tohono O'Odham |
954 |
ood |
|
|
Tohano O'Odham |
Tohono Odam |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Toishan |
711 |
|
|
|
|
Taishanese (dialect of Cantonese, but understood only with great difficulty by Cantonese speakers; Toishanese, Toisan, Toishan, Toisanese |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
x |
|
x |
TOKELAUAN |
770 |
tkl |
tkl |
|
Tokelau |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tonga |
792 |
tog |
tog |
|
Tonga [African Nyasa] |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TONGAN |
768 |
ton |
ton |
to |
Tonga [Tonga Islands] |
Tonganese |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
TONKAWA |
902 |
tqw |
|
|
Tonkawa |
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOWA |
963 |
tow |
|
|
Jemez |
Walatowa |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
Trique |
971 |
trc (Trique of San Juan Copala), trs (Trique, Chicahuaxtla), trq (triqui, Itunxosa) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
TRUKESE |
761 |
chk |
chk |
|
Chuukese |
Trukee |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tshiluba |
792* |
lua |
lua |
|
Luba-Lulua |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
TSIMSHIAN |
884 |
tsi |
tsi |
|
Tsimshian |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Tsonga |
792* |
tso |
tso |
ts |
Tsonga |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
TUBATULABAL |
953 |
tub |
|
|
Tubatulabal |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tulu |
698 |
tul |
|
|
Tulu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TUNGUS |
695 |
tuw (ISO-639-5) |
|
|
Tungusic languages |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TUPI-GUARANI |
976 |
|
tup (collective) |
|
Tupi Languages (about 70 languages in S. America; Tupi-Guarani is of the best known) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TURKISH |
691 |
tur |
tur |
tr |
Turkish |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
TURKMEN |
692 |
tuk |
tuk |
tk |
Turkmen |
|
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
TUSCARORA |
931 |
tus |
|
|
Tuscarora |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TUTCHONE |
858 |
ttm (Northern) tce (Southern) |
|
|
Northern and Southern Tutchone |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TWANA |
845 |
|
|
|
|
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Twi |
796 |
twi |
twi |
Twi (sub of macro Akan) |
Twi |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
UIGHUR |
689 |
uig |
uig |
ug |
Uighur |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UKRAINIAN |
641 |
ukr |
ukr |
uk |
Ukrainian |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
ULITHEAN |
762 |
uli |
|
|
Ulithian |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Umatilla |
882 |
uma |
|
|
Umatilla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UP RIVER YUMAN |
891 |
mov |
|
|
Mohave |
Yuman (Upriver), River Yuman |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UPLAND YUMAN |
897 |
yuf |
|
|
Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai |
Upper Colorado Yuman |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UPPER CHEHALIS |
834 |
cjh |
|
|
Upper Chehalis |
UPPER CHEHALIS; extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UPPER CHINOOK (see Wasco) |
883 |
wac |
|
|
Wasco-Wishram |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UPPER KUSKOKWIM |
853 |
kuu |
|
|
Upper Kuskokwim |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UPPER TANANA |
857 |
tau |
|
|
Upper Tanana |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
URALIC LANGUAGES, OTHER |
683 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
URDU |
671 |
urd |
urd |
ur |
Urdu |
Urdu-Pakistan |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
UTE |
945 |
ute |
|
|
Ute (Southern Paiute) |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Uzbek |
689 |
uzb (macro with 2 subs) |
uzb |
uz |
Uzbek |
|
|
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
VIETNAMESE |
728 |
vie |
vie |
vi |
Vietnamese |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
Visayan |
743 |
ceb |
|
|
Cebuano |
Bisayan (has a separate code), Sebuano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Volapuk |
uncoded |
vol |
vol |
vo |
Volapuk |
Volapuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
WALAPAI |
899 |
yuf |
|
|
Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WAPPO |
923 |
wao |
|
|
Wappo |
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warm Springs |
882 |
tqn |
|
|
Tenino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wasco |
883 |
wac |
|
|
Wasco-Wishram |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WASHO |
890 |
was |
was |
|
Washo |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WELSH |
633 |
cym |
cym/wel |
cy |
Welsh |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
Wenatchee |
837 |
col |
|
|
columbia-Wenatchi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
White Mountain |
979 |
apw |
|
|
Apache, Western (differs from other Apache codes) |
White Mountain is dialect of Western Apache |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WICHITA |
937 |
|
|
|
|
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Windish |
644 |
|
|
|
|
Slovenian language group |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WINNEBAGO |
909 |
win |
|
|
Ho-Chunk |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WINTUN |
875 |
wit |
|
|
Wintu |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WIYOT |
826 |
wiy |
|
|
Wiyot |
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WOLEAI-ULITHI |
763 |
woe |
|
|
Woleaian |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wolof |
794 |
wol |
wol |
wo |
Wolof |
|
|
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
WU |
715 |
wuu (sub of Chinese with own code) |
|
|
Wu Chinese |
|
x |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
WYANDOT (see Huron) |
932 |
wya |
|
|
Wyandot |
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Xhosa |
792 |
xho |
xho |
xh |
Xhosa |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
Yakama |
882 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
YAKUT |
693 |
sah |
sah |
|
Yakut |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
YAPESE |
764 |
yap |
yap |
|
Yapese |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
YAQUI |
955 |
yaq |
|
|
Yaqui |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
YAVAPAI (different code than Havasupai) |
900 |
yuf |
|
|
Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yenisei |
683 |
kjh |
|
|
Khakas |
Abakan Tartar, Yennisej Tartar, Xakas |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
YIDDISH |
609 |
yid (macro with 2 subs) |
yid |
yi |
Yiddish |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
Yoruba |
796 |
yor |
yor |
yo |
Yoruba |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
x |
|
|
|
x |
YUCHI |
903 |
yuc |
|
|
Yuchi |
Nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yugoslav |
649 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
YUKI |
922 |
yuk |
|
|
Yuki |
Extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Census Language Namea |
Census Codea |
ISO 639-3 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-2 Individual languageb |
ISO 639-1 Individual languageb |
ISO Language Nameb |
Other Names and Additional Information |
Reported in the Census 2000c |
Kaiser Permanente Health Pland |
Contra Costa Health Pland |
HRET Hospital Surveyf |
NACHC Survey of CHCsg |
Language Line Useh |
NY Presbyterian Hospitale |
SFGHe |
UWe |
Sutter Healthe |
YUMA |
894 |
yum |
|
|
Quechan |
Kechan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
YUPIK |
805 |
esu (Central) ess (Central Siberain) ynk (Naukan) ems (Pacific Gulf) ysr (Sirenic) |
ypk (collective) |
|
YUPIK |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
YUROK |
827 |
yur |
|
|
Yurok |
YUROK; nearly extinct |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zapoteca |
971 |
zap (macro with 47 subs |
zap |
|
Zapotec |
|
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zia |
924 |
zia |
|
|
Zia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zulu |
792 |
zul |
zul |
zu |
Zulu |
|
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
ZUNI |
964 |
zun |
zun |
|
Zuni |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
736 |
|
|
|
|
Bravanese (name for Swahili use in part of Somalia |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
uncoded |
daw |
|
|
Davawenyo |
Davaweno |
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
uncoded |
hac |
|
|
Gorani |
Southern Kurdish language |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
uncoded |
|
|
|
|
Manegra |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
uncoded written |
Brai (4 letter script code ISO 15924) |
|
|
|
Braille |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
coded as English |
|
|
|
|
Nonspeaking; speech loss |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
uncoded |
|
|
|
|
Declined, Refused |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
coded as English |
ase |
|
|
American Sign Language |
Deaf; Hearing Impaired; Non Hearing |
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
|
x |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
|
American Sign Language tactive |
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
|
|
|
uncoded |
130 possible choices |
|
|
Multiple Sign Language options |
Other Sign Language |
|
x |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
x |
|
uncoded |
und |
|
|
|
Undetermined; Unable to Determine; Unknown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
x |
aU. S. Census Bureau. 2007. Census 2000 Summary File 2 - Technical documentation. Appendix G code lists. Washington, DC: U. S. Census Bureau. Additional languages were added to this column based on the responses in columns on health plan, hospital, and community health center use. An asterisk indicates a language added to the Census 2000 list. bSIL International. 2009. ISO 639 Code Tables. http://sil.org/iso639-3/codes.asp?order=639_3&letter=a (accessed August 25, 2009). cModern Language Association. 2009. All languages reported to the US Census in 2000. http://www.mla.org/map_data_langlist&mode=lang_tops (accessed May 26, 2009). dSee Appendixes G and H on Kaiser Permanente and Contra Costa for information on their approaches to data collection and categorization. ePersonal communications from Emilio Carrillo, New York Presbyterian Hospital, May 11, 2009; Alice Chen, San Francisco General Hospital, July 7, 2009; Maria Moreno and Traci Van, Sutter Health, July 22, 2009; Shiva Bidar-Sielaff, University of Wisconsin Health, May 11, 2009. fHasnain-Wynia, R., J. Yonek, D. Pierce, R. Kang, and C. H. Greising. 2006. Hospital language services for patients with limited English proficiency: Results from a national survey. Chicago, IL: Health Research and Educational Trust (HRET)/AHA. gNational Association of Community Health Centers. 2008. Serving patients with limited English proficiency: Results of a community health center survey. Bethesda, MD: National Association of Community Health Centers and National Health Law Program. hLanguage Line Service. 2009. List of languages by Language Line Serivces. http://www.languageline.com/page/languages/ ( accessed June 12, 2009). |