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Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration (2010)

Chapter: Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2010. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12892.
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Appendix J
Committee Member Biographical Sketches

ROBERT B. WALLACE, M.D. (Chair), is Irene Ensminger Stecher Professor of Epidemiology and Internal Medicine at the University of Iowa Colleges of Public Health and Medicine and Director of the University’s Center on Aging. He has been a member of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the National Advisory Council on Aging of the National Institutes of Health. He is a Member of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), past Chair of the IOM’s Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, and current Chair of the IOM’s Board on the Health of Select Populations. His research interests are in clinical and population epidemiology and focus on the causes and prevention of disabling conditions of older persons. Dr. Wallace has had substantial experience in the conduct of both observational cohort studies of older persons and clinical trials, including preventive interventions related to fracture, cancer, coronary disease, and women’s health. He is the site principal investigator for the Women’s Health Initiative, a national intervention trial exploring the prevention of breast and colon cancer and coronary disease, and a co-principal investigator of the Health and Retirement Study, a national cohort study of the health and economic status of older Americans. He has been a collaborator in several international studies of the causes and prevention of chronic illness in older persons. Dr. Wallace received his B.S. and M.D. from Northwestern University and M.Sc. in epidemiology from the State University of New York at Buffalo.


DOUGLAS L. ARCHER, Ph.D., is Associate Dean for Research at the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences and a Professor in the Food Sci-

Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2010. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12892.
×

ence and Human Nutrition Department at the University of Florida (UF). He served as Chair of the department until 2001, when he stepped down to return to the faculty. Prior to his arrival at UF, Dr. Archer served as Deputy Director of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), where he was charged with oversight of the research, regulatory, and policy activities of all food and cosmetic programs, including food additives, food labeling, special nutritionals, seafood, and cosmetics and colors. During his career with the FDA, Dr. Archer was a Commissioned Officer in the United States Public Health Service. He was appointed Assistant Surgeon General in 1990. He has received numerous awards, including three Meritorious Service Medals and the Distinguished Service Medal. His nongovernment awards include the J.C. Frazier Memorial Award from the University of Wisconsin in 1992 and the Ivan Parkin Lectureship in 2005 from the International Association for Food Protection. From 1984 until 1994, Dr. Archer served as Chairman of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) Codex Alimentarius Committee on Food Hygiene, and since 1990, has been a member of the WHO Expert Advisory Panel on Food Safety. He is past U.S. Associate Editor for Food Control (and is currently an Editorial Board member) and member of the Advisory Board of the Academic Press Nutrition and Food Science Publications. He is a professional member of the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) and serves on the Board of Directors of that organization. Dr. Archer is currently a member of the IFT Global Policy and Regulations Committee and is the subject expert for that committee on food hygiene. He has authored or co-authored more than 80 peer-reviewed scientific publications and given hundreds of presentations to scientific organizations, trade organizations, and consumer groups. Dr. Archer received a B.A. in zoology, an M.S. in bacteriology from the University of Maine, and a Ph.D. in microbiology from the University of Maryland.


KEITH C. BEHNKE, Ph.D., is Professor and Feed Technology Research Scientist in the Department of Grain Science and Industry at Kansas State University, where he has been a member of the faculty since 1977. He currently coordinates all feed-processing research and the production of all research feeds manufactured by the Department of Grain Science at Kansas State University. Dr. Behnke’s research areas of interest are the effect of feed processing on animal and feed performance, the incorporation of feed additives into livestock feeds, and the utilization of food and nonfood coproducts in livestock feeds. Prior to his position at Kansas State University, he was Group Leader in Processing Research of the Food Division of Far Mar, Co., in Hutchison, Kansas. In 2007, Dr. Behnke was 1 of 15 invited attendees from around the world to the FAO/WHO Expert Meeting on Animal

Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2010. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12892.
×

Feed Impact on Food Safety. He is currently a member of several professional societies and associations, including the American Society of Animal Science, the Poultry Science Association, the American Feed Industry Association, and the Chinese Feed Manufacturing Association, of which he is an honorary member. Dr. Behnke served on the National Research Council’s (NRC’s) Committee on the Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. He received his B.S. in feed technology (1968), his M.S. in grain science (1973), and his Ph.D. in grain science (1975) from Kansas State University.


ANN BOSTROM, Ph.D., is Professor and Associate Dean of Research at the Evans School of the University of Washington, where she has been a member of the faculty since 2007. Her research focuses on risk perception, communication, and management and on environmental policy and decision making under uncertainty. Dr. Bostrom previously served on the faculty at the Georgia Institute of Technology from 1992 to 2007, serving most recently as Associate Dean for Research at the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts and Professor in the School of Public Policy. She co-directed the Decision Risk and Management Science Program at the National Science Foundation from 1999 to 2001. Dr. Bostrom is currently Associate Editor or Risk Communication Area Editor for Risk Analysis, the Journal of Risk Research, and Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. She has served on various science advisory and NRC and IOM committees, including the IOM Committee on Nutrient Relationships in Seafood: Selections to Balance Benefits and Risks and the NRC Committee on Review of the Tsunami Warning and Forecast System and Overview of the Nation’s Tsunami Preparedness. She is a Fellow of the Society for Risk Analysis and the recipient of several awards and fellowships, including an American Statistical Association/National Science Foundation/Bureau of Labor Statistics Research Associateship for the 1991–1992 academic year and the 1997 Chauncey Starr award for a young risk analyst from the Society for Risk Analysis for her work on mental models of hazardous processes. Dr. Bostrom completed postdoctoral studies in engineering and public policy and her Ph.D. in public policy analysis at Carnegie Mellon University, and she holds an M.B.A. from Western Washington University and a B.A. in English from the University of Washington.


ROBERT E. BRACKETT, Ph.D., is Director and Vice President of National Center for Food Safety and Technology at Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT). Prior to his position at IIT, he was Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific and Regulatory Affairs Officer at the Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA). As Chief Scientific and Regulatory Affairs Officer, Dr. Brackett oversaw all of the association’s scientific and regulatory activity, including the operation of its in-house food safety laboratory. Prior to

Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2010. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12892.
×

GMA, he was Director of CFSAN. Dr. Brackett has served elected leadership positions in several professional associations and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology and the International Association for Food Protection. He serves on the Advisory Boards of the National Center for Food Protection and Defense, the National Center for Food Safety and Technology, Association of Analytical Comunities International, and the Food and Drug Law Institute. Dr. Brackett has won numerous awards, among them the CFSAN Leadership Award for his exceptional contribution in ensuring a “real world” perspective on the risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes and the President’s Appreciation Award, International Association for Food Protection, in July 2007. He has been a member of the IOM/Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) Food Forum. Dr. Brackett received his B.S. in bacteriology and his M.S. and Ph.D. in food microbiology, all from the University of Wisconsin.


JULIE A. CASWELL, Ph.D., is Professor and Chair of the Department of Resource Economics at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Her research interests include the operation of domestic and international food systems, analysis of food system efficiency, and evaluation of government policy as it affects systems operation and performance, with a particular focus on the economics of food quality, safety, and nutrition. Dr. Caswell has provided her expertise on food safety and labeling issues to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and to FAO. She has held numerous senior positions with the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association and the Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association. Dr. Caswell has served on IOM committees including the Planning Committee on Future Trends in Food Safety: Changing Market Forces, Emerging Safety Issues, and Economic Impact (a workshop); the Committee on Implications of Dioxin in the Food Supply; and the Committee on Nutrient Relationships in Seafood: Selections to Balance Benefits and Risks. She is currently a member of the Food Forum. She held a Fulbright Distinguished Lectureship at the University of Tuscia in Viterbo, Italy, from April–June 2009. She received her Ph.D. in agricultural economics from the University of Wisconsin.


LEWIS A. GROSSMAN, Ph.D., J.D., is Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Scholarship at American University. He joined the faculty of Washington College of Law (WCL) at American University in 1997. He became Professor of Law in 2003 and Associate Dean for Scholarship in 2008. He teaches and specializes in food and drug law, civil procedure, and American legal history. Prior to joining the faculty of WCL, Dr. Grossman was an associate at the DC firm of Covington and Burling, where he is still employed on an “of counsel” basis and is a member of the food and drug

Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2010. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12892.
×

law practice group. Previously, he was clerk for Chief Judge Abner Mikva, U.S. Court of Appeals, D.C. Circuit. Dr. Grossman is co-author (with Peter Barton Hutt and Richard A. Merrill) of Food and Drug Law: Cases and Materials, 3rd ed. (Foundation Press, 2007). He is a member of the Food and Drug Law Institute, the American Society for Legal History, and the Supreme Court Historical Society. He has volunteered as a legal consultant for the IOM and NRC Committee on the Framework for Evaluating the Safety of Dietary Supplements. He earned his Ph.D. in history at Yale University, his J.D. at Harvard Law School, and his B.A. at Yale University.


LEE-ANN JAYKUS, Ph.D., is Professor in the Department of Food, Bio-processing, and Nutritional Sciences and the Department of Microbiology at North Carolina State University. Her current research efforts are varied and include the following: development of molecular methods to detect foodborne pathogens (noroviruses, hepatitis A virus, and bacterial agents such as Campylobacter and Salmonella) in foods, including pre-analytical sample processing; investigation of persistence and transfer of pathogens in the food preparation environment; and the application of quantitative microbial risk assessment methods to food safety. Dr. Jaykus has collaborated on large, multi-institutional projects to investigate the prevalence and association of pathogens with domestic and imported fresh produce and to study the ecology of the pathogenic Vibrio species in molluscan shellfish originating from the Gulf of Mexico. Her professional memberships include the International Association for Food Protection (currently serving as President-Elect), the American Society for Microbiology, the IFT, the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, and the Society for Risk Analysis. Dr. Jaykus recently completed a 6-year term as a member of the National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods, and currently is a member of the NRC/IOM Standing Committee for the Review of Food Safety and Defense Risk Assessments, Analyses, and Data and the Committee for Review of the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) Risk-Based Approach to Public Health Attribution. She earned a Ph.D. in Environmental Sciences and Engineering from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health.


TIMOTHY F. JONES, M.D., is State Epidemiologist and Director of the FoodNet Program at the Tennessee Department of Health. In this position, he has been intimately involved in investigating foodborne disease outbreaks. Dr. Jones is nationally active in leading the FoodNet Outbreak Working Group, co-chairing the multiagency Council to Improve Foodborne Disease Outbreak Response, and serving as the liaison between the FDA and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Formerly, he practiced medicine in Utah and then joined the U.S. Centers for Disease Control

Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2010. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12892.
×

and Prevention’s (CDC’s) Epidemic Intelligence Service in Tennessee. Dr. Jones has served as a consultant for WHO on foodborne disease issues. He has also been the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists’s representative to the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials’s Food Safety Committee and a participant in Trust for America’s Health and Food Safety Research Consortium projects. Dr. Jones is an Associate Editor for the journal Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, and has produced over 100 publications and 110 posters and professional presentations. He obtained his M.D. from Stanford University and completed a residency in family medicine at Brown University.


BARBARA KOWALCYK, M.S., is Director of Food Safety at the Center for Foodborne Illness Research and Prevention (CFI). A biostatistician, she became involved in foodborne illness prevention in 2001 following the death of her 2½ year old son, Kevin, from complications due to an E. coli O157:H7 infection. Ms. Kowalcyk has volunteered extensively as a consumer advocate for food safety and co-founded CFI in 2006. In addition, she served on the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA’s) National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods from 2005 to 2009 and serves on the Advisory Board for the Georgetown University Health Policy Institute’s Produce Safety Project. Ms. Kowalcyk has given numerous presentations on food safety. In addition to her extensive experience in food safety advocacy, she has more than 10 years of experience as a biostatistician conducting clinical research in the pharmaceutical industry. She serves on the NRC Standing Committee on the Use of Public Health Data in FSIS Food Safety Programs. Ms. Kowalcyk earned her B.S. in mathematics from the University of Dayton and her M.S. in applied statistics from the University of Pittsburgh. She is currently pursuing a doctorate in environmental health with a focus in epidemiology/biostatistics at the University of Cincinnati and is a fellow in the Molecular Epidemiology in Children’s Environmental Health Training Program.


J. GLENN MORRIS, Jr., M.D., M.P.H.&T.M., is Director of the Emerging Pathogens Institute at the University of Florida, Gainesville, and Professor of Medicine in the College of Medicine. Prior to assuming his current position, he served as Chairman of the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (UMB), and interim Dean of the UMB School of Public Health. Dr. Morris was an Epidemic Intelligence Service officer at CDC, with responsibility for national foodborne disease surveillance. He played a key role in the development of the Pathogen Reduction/Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points regulations at USDA/FSIS, where he also created and served as Director of the FSIS Epidemiology and Emergency Response Program. He was

Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2010. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12892.
×

instrumental in the creation of FoodNet while at USDA, and subsequently served as co-principal investigator of the Maryland FoodNet site. Dr. Morris maintains an active research program in the area of emerging pathogens and enteric diseases. He also has extensive experience in work with antimicrobial resistance and has served as a member of the National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Food. Dr. Morris has authored more than 60 textbook chapters and symposium proceedings and more than 180 articles in peer-reviewed journals. His scholarly contributions were recognized by his election to the American Society for Clinical Investigation in 1996. He has served as a member or consultant on a series of National Academies expert committees dealing with food safety, including the Committee on the Public Health Risk Assessment of Poultry Inspection Programs (member), Committee on the Evaluation of Safety of Fishery Products (member), Committee on Evaluation of USDA Streamlined Inspection System for Cattle (consultant), Committee on Review of the Use of Scientific Criteria and Performance Standards for Safe Food (consultant), and Planning Committee on Foodborne Diseases and Public Health: An Iranian-American Workshop (member). He was also an advisor to the Subcommittee for the Review of FDA Science, FDA Science Board. Dr. Morris is currently a member of the FNB. He received his B.A. from Rice University in Houston and his M.D. and master’s in public health and tropical medicine from Tulane University. His residency training in internal medicine was at the University of Texas Southwestern in Dallas and Emory University in Atlanta, with subspecialty training in infectious diseases at the University of Maryland.


MARTHA RHODES ROBERTS, Ph.D., is Special Assistant to the Director of the Florida Experiment Station and Dean for Research, UF, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. She was formerly Deputy Commissioner of Agriculture at the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services and Assistant Commissioner of Agriculture (she was the first woman in the United States to hold this position). Dr. Roberts is a recipient of numerous awards, including the FDA Commissioner’s Special Citation in May 2003 for outstanding leadership and cooperative support of joint regulatory responsibilities in advancing food safety and enhancing the public health mandate and the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Administrator of the Year Award in 2003. She has received numerous awards from government and industry and serves on many committees regarding produce safety and agricultural and food policy. She was inducted into the Florida Agricultural Hall of Fame in 2003. Dr. Roberts’ previous positions include Chairman of the 48-party Suwannee River Partnership; Co-chair of the Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Committee for the Mexico/U.S. Gulf of Mexico States Accord; President of the Association of Food and Drug Officials; Chairman of the Conference for Food Protection,

Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2010. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12892.
×

and Chair of Government Relations for IFT and Chair of the IFT Foundation. She served on advisory groups for the FDA (Microbiological Criteria for Foods, Food Advisory Committee), USDA, and other state and industry groups. Currently, Dr. Roberts also works as a private consultant in the food safety, government relations, and agricultural environmental areas and serves on the Farm Foundation Roundtable, Food Foresight food trend analysis group, and the Center for Produce Safety Executive Committee. She received her B.S. in Biology from North Georgia College and her M.S. and Ph.D. in microbiology from the University of Georgia, where she also completed postdoctoral studies in public health.


JOSEPH V. RODRICKS, Ph.D., is a founding principal of ENVIRON International, a technical consulting firm founded in 1982, and a Visiting Professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health. He is an internationally recognized expert in toxicology and risk analysis and in their uses in regulation, and he has consulted for hundreds of manufacturers, government agencies, and WHO. Dr. Rodricks has authored more than 150 publications on toxicology and risk analysis and has lectured nationally and internationally on these topics. From 1965 to 1980, he was Deputy Associate Commissioner for Health Affairs and Toxicologist for the FDA. Dr. Rodricks has served as a member of a number of NRC and IOM committees, including the Committee on Public Health Risk Assessment of Poultry Inspection Programs, the Committee on Institutional Means for Assessment of Risks to Public Health, the Committee on Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, and currently the Committee on Decision Making Under Uncertainty; he also serves on the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. He has been certified as a Diplomate of the American Board of Toxicology since 1982. Dr. Rodricks holds a Ph.D. in biochemistry and an M.S. in organic chemistry from the University of Maryland. He was a postdoctoral scholar at the University of California, Berkeley.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2010. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12892.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2010. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12892.
×
Page 570
Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2010. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12892.
×
Page 571
Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2010. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12892.
×
Page 572
Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2010. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12892.
×
Page 573
Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2010. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12892.
×
Page 574
Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2010. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12892.
×
Page 575
Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Committee Member Biographical Sketches." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2010. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12892.
×
Page 576
Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration Get This Book
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Recent outbreaks of illnesses traced to contaminated sprouts and lettuce illustrate the holes that exist in the system for monitoring problems and preventing foodborne diseases. Although it is not solely responsible for ensuring the safety of the nation's food supply, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees monitoring and intervention for 80 percent of the food supply. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's abilities to discover potential threats to food safety and prevent outbreaks of foodborne illness are hampered by impediments to efficient use of its limited resources and a piecemeal approach to gathering and using information on risks. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration, a new book from the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council, responds to a congressional request for recommendations on how to close gaps in FDA's food safety systems.

Enhancing Food Safety begins with a brief review of the Food Protection Plan (FPP), FDA's food safety philosophy developed in 2007. The lack of sufficient detail and specific strategies in the FPP renders it ineffectual. The book stresses the need for FPP to evolve and be supported by the type of strategic planning described in these pages. It also explores the development and implementation of a stronger, more effective food safety system built on a risk-based approach to food safety management. Conclusions and recommendations include adopting a risk-based decision-making approach to food safety; creating a data surveillance and research infrastructure; integrating federal, state, and local government food safety programs; enhancing efficiency of inspections; and more.

Although food safety is the responsibility of everyone, from producers to consumers, the FDA and other regulatory agencies have an essential role. In many instances, the FDA must carry out this responsibility against a backdrop of multiple stakeholder interests, inadequate resources, and competing priorities. Of interest to the food production industry, consumer advocacy groups, health care professionals, and others, Enhancing Food Safety provides the FDA and Congress with a course of action that will enable the agency to become more efficient and effective in carrying out its food safety mission in a rapidly changing world.

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