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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2004. Connection of Simple-Span Precast Concrete Girders for Continuity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13746.
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55 REFERENCES 1. Kaar, P.H., Kriz, L.B., and Hognestad, E. “Precast-Prestressed Concrete Bridges 1: Pilot Tests of Continuous Girders,” Jour- nal of the PCA Research and Development Laboratories, Vol. 2, No. 2, May 1960; pp. 21–37. Also reprinted as PCA Bulletin D-34. 2. Hanson, N. W. “Precast-Prestressed Concrete Bridges 2: Hori- zontal Shear Connections,” Journal of the PCA Research and Development Laboratories, Vol. 2, No. 2, May 1960; pp. 38–58. Also reprinted as PCA Bulletin D-35. 3. Mattock, A.H., and Kaar, P.H. “Precast-Prestressed Concrete Bridges 3: Further Tests of Continuous Girders,” Journal of the PCA Research and Development Laboratories, Vol. 2, No. 3, Sept 1960; pp. 51–78. Also reprinted as PCA Bulletin D-43. 4. Mattock, A.H., and Kaar, P.H. “Precast-Prestressed Concrete Bridges 4: Shear Tests of Continuous Girders,” Journal of the PCA Research and Development Laboratories, Vol. 3, No. 1, Jan 1961; pp. 19–46. Also reprinted as PCA Bulletin D-45. 5. Mattock, A.H. “Precast-Prestressed Concrete Bridges 5: Creep and Shrinkage Studies,” Journal of the PCA Research and Development Laboratories, Vol. 3, No. 2, May 1961; pp. 32–66. Also reprinted as PCA Bulletin D-46. 6. Mattock, A.H., and Kaar, P.H. “Precast-Prestressed Concrete Bridges 6: Test of Half-Scale Highway Bridge Continuous over Two Spans,” Journal of the PCA Research and Development Laboratories, Vol. 3, No. 3, Sept 1961; pp. 30–70. Also reprinted as PCA Bulletin D-51. 7. Freyermuth, C.L. “Design of Continuous Highway Bridges with Precast, Prestressed Concrete Girders,” Journal of the Pre- stressed Concrete Institute, Vol. 14, No. 2, April 1969; pp. 14–39. Also reprinted as PCA Engineering Bulletin EB014.01E, August 1969. 8. Salmons, J.R., and McCrate, T.E. Bond of Untensioned Pre- stress Strand. Interim Report 73-5A, Missouri Cooperative Highway Research Program, Missouri State Highway Depart- ment, August 1973. 9. Salmons, J.R., and May, G.W. Strand Reinforcing for End Connections of Pretensioned I-Beam Bridges. Interim Report 73-5B, Missouri Cooperative Highway Research Program, Missouri State Highway Department, May 1974. 10. Salmons, J.R. End Connections of Pretensioned I-Beam Bridges. Final Report 73-5C, Missouri Cooperative Highway Research Program, Missouri State Highway Department, Nov 1974. 11. Oesterle, R.G., Glikin, J.D., and Larson, S.C. NCHRP Report 322: Design of Precast Prestressed Bridge Girders Made Con- tinuous. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council; Washington, DC; November 1989. 12. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 2nd Edition. American Assoc. of State Highway and Transportation Offi- cials; Washington, DC; 1998. 13. Salmons, J.R. Behavior of Untensioned-Bonded Prestressing Strand. Final Report 77-1, Missouri Cooperative Highway Research Program, Missouri State Highway Department, June 1980. 14. Ramirez, J.A., Abdalla, O.A., and Lee, R.H. Strand Debonding in Pretensioned Beams: Precast Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders with Debonded Strands, Continuity Issues, Joint High- way Research Project, Indiana DOT/Purdue University, FHWA/ INDOT/JHRP-92-24, June 1993. 15. AASHTO Standard Specifications for Bridge Design, 16th Edi- tion. American Assoc. of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Washington DC; 1996. 16. Peterman, R.J., and Ramirez, J.A. “Restraint Moments in Bridges with Full-Span Prestressed Concrete Form Panels,” PCI Journal, Vol. 43, No. 1, January-February 1998; pp. 54–73. 17. Peterman, R.J., and Ramirez, J.A. “Behavior and Strength of Bridges with Full-Span Prestressed Concrete Form Panels,” PCI Journal, Vol. 43, No. 2, March-April 1998; pp. 80–91. 18. Tadros, M.K., Ficenec, J.A., Einea, A., and Holdsworth, S. “A New Technique to Create Continuity in Prestressed Concrete Members,” PCI Journal, Vol. 38, No. 5, September-October 1993; pp. 30–37. 19. Ma, Z., Huo, X., Tadros, M.K., and Baishya, M. “Restraint Moments in Precast/Prestressed Concrete Continuous Bridges,” PCI Journal, Vol. 43, No. 6, November-December 1998; pp. 40–56. 20. “Temperature Gradient Cracks Viaduct Girders,” Engineering News Record; May 30, 1994; pp. 14–15. 21. Cracks in Precast Prestressed Bulb Tee Girders on Structure Nos. I-565-45-11.5 A. & B. on I-565 in Huntsville, Alabama. Alabama DOT, September 1994. 22. Collins, M., Mitchell, D., Felber, A., and Kuchma, D. RESPONSE V 1.0. provided with Prestressed Concrete Struc- tures. Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ; 1991. 23. ACI Committee 209. “Prediction of Creep, Shrinkage, and Tem- perature Effects in Concrete Structures,” in Designing for Creep and Shrinkage in Concrete Structures. Publication SP-76, Amer- ican Concrete Institute, 1989; pp. 193–300. 24. PCI Design Handbook, 5th Edition. Precast/Prestressed Con- crete Institute: Chicago, IL; 1999. 25. Mirmiran, A., Kulkarni, S., Miller, R., Hastak, M., and Castro- dale, R. “Nonlinear Continuity Analysis of Precast/Prestressed Girders with Cast-in-Place Deck and Diaphragm,” PCI Jour- nal, September–October 2001. 26. Russell, H., Ozyildirim, C., Tadros, M., and Miller, R. Compila- tion and Evaluation of Results from High-Performance Concrete Bridge Projects. Project DTFH61-00-C-00009 on compact disc, Federal Highway Administration; Washington, DC; 2003. 27. ANSYS Reference Manuals. SAS IP Inc., 1996. 28. Elzanaty, A.H., Nilson, A.H., and Slate, F.O. “Shear Capacity of Prestressed Concrete Beams Using High-Strength Con- crete,” ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 83, 1986; pp. 359–368. 29. Kotsovos M.D., Pavlovic, M.N. “Structural Concrete: Finite Element Analysis for Limit-State Design,” Thomas Telford Publication. 1995. 30. Holombo, J., Priestley, M.J.N., and Seible, F. “Continuity of Precast Prestressed Spliced-Girder Bridges Under Seismic Loads.” PCI Journal, Vol. 45, No. 2, 2000; pp. 40–63.

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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 519: Connection of Simple-Span Precast Concrete Girders for Continuity includes recommended details and specifications for the design of continuity connections for precast concrete girders. Also included in the report are examples illustrating the design of four precast girder types made continuous for live load.

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