Evaluation and Repair Procedures for Precast/Prestressed Concrete Girders with Longitudinal Cracking in the Web (2010)

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64 1. Reis, E.R, Mozer, J.D., Bianchini, A.C., and Kesler, C.E., “Causes and Control of Cracking with High Strength Steel Bars—A Review of Research,” Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin 479. 2. International Symposium on Bond and Crack Formation in Rein- forced Concrete (Stockholm 1957), V. 1–4, RILEM, Paris (Published by Tekniska Hogskolans Rotaprintryekeri, Stockholm, 1958), 880 pp. 3. Hognestad, E., “High Strength Bars as Concrete Reinforcement— Part 2: Control of Flexural Cracking,” Journal, Portland Cement Association (PCA), Research and Development Laboratories, Vol. 4, No. 1, Jan. 1962, pp. 46–63. 4. Kaar, P. H., and Mattock, A., “High Strength Bars as Concrete Reinforcement—Part 4: Control of Cracking,” Journal, Portland Cement Association (PCA), Research and Development Laborato- ries, Vol. 5, No. 1, Jan. 1963, pp. 15–38. 5. “Strength and Serviceability Criteria, Reinforced Concrete Bridges: Ultimate Design,” U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Pub- lic Roads, Aug. 1966, 81 pp. 6. Nawy, E.G., “Crack Control in Reinforced Concrete Structures,” ACI Journal, American Concrete Institute, Vol. 65, No. 10, Oct. 1968, pp. 825–836. 7. ACI Committee 224, “Control of Cracking in Concrete Structures (ACI 224R-01),” ACI Manual of Concrete Practice, Part 2, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2001 (first edition released in early 1970s). 8. Schiessl, P., “Admissible Crack Width in Reinforced Concrete Struc- tures,” Preliminary Report, Vol. 2 of IABSE-FIP-CEB-RILEM-IASS, Colloquium, Leige, Jun. 1975. 9. Leonhardt, F., “Cracks and Crack Control in Concrete Structures,” PCI Journal, Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI), Chicago, IL, Jul.–Aug. 1988, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 124–145. 10. “Fabrication and Shipment Cracks in Prestressed Hollow-Core Slabs and Double Tees,” PCI Committee on Quality Control Performance Criteria, Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI), Chicago, IL, PCI Journal, Jan.–Feb. 1983, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 18–39. 11. Manual for the Evaluation and Repair of Precast, Prestressed Concrete Bridge Products, Publication MNL-37-06, 2006, Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI), Chicago, IL, 66 pp. 12. Mirza, J.F., and Tawfik, M.E., “End Cracking of Prestressed Mem- bers during Detensioning,” PCI Journal, Vol. 23, No.2, Mar.–Apr. 1978, pp. 67–78. 13. Kannel, J., French, C., and Stolarski, H., “Release Methodology of Strands to Reduce End Cracking in Pretensioned Concrete Girders,” PCI Journal, Vol. 42, No.1, Jan.–Feb. 1997, pp. 42–54. 14. Koyuncu, Y., Birgul, R., Ahlborn, T.M., and Aktan, H.M., “Identi- fying Causes for Distress Patterns in Prestressed Concrete I-Girder Bridges,” TRB 82nd Annual Meeting, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2003, Paper No. 03-2682. 15. Marshall, W.T., and Mattock, A.H., “Control of Horizontal Crack- ing in the Ends of Pretensioned Prestressed Concrete Girders,” PCI Journal, Vol.7, No.5, Oct. 1962, pp. 56–74. 16. Tuan, C.Y., Yehia, S.A., Jongpitaksseel, N., and Tadros, M.K., “End Zone Reinforcement for Pretensioned Concrete Girders,” PCI Jour- nal, Vol. 49, No. 3, May–June 2004, pp. 68–82. 17. Collins, M.P., and Mitchell, D., “Prestressed Concrete Structures,” RESPONSE Publications, 1st ed, 1997. 18. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 4th ed, 2007, with 2008 and 2009 interims, Washington, D.C. References