NEW DIRECTIONS IN CHILD ABUSE
AND NEGLECT RESEARCH
Committee on Child Maltreatment Research, Policy, and Practice for the
Next Decade: Phase II
Anne C. Petersen, Joshua Joseph, and Monica Feit, Editors
Board on Children, Youth, and Families
Committee on Law and Justice
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE AND
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract/Grant No. HHSP23320110010YC between the National Academy of Sciences and the Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine) and NRC (National Research Council). 2014. New directions in child abuse and neglect research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
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COMMITTEE ON CHILD MALTREATMENT RESEARCH,
POLICY, AND PRACTICE FOR THE NEXT DECADE: PHASE II
ANNE C. PETERSEN (Chair), Research Professor, Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
LUCY BERLINER, Director, Harborview Center for Sexual Assault and Traumatic Stress, Seattle, Washington
LINDA MARIE BURTON, James B. Duke Professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
PHAEDRA S. CORSO, Professor, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens
DEBORAH DARO, Senior Research Fellow, Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago, Illinois
HOWARD DAVIDSON, Director, American Bar Association Center on Children and the Law, Washington, DC
ANGELA DÍAZ, Jean C. and James W. Crystal Professor of Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
MARY DOZIER, Unidel Amy E. du Pont Chair of Child Development, Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark
FERNANDO A. GUERRA, Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio
CAROL HAFFORD, Principal Research Scientist, NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, Maryland
CHARLES A. NELSON, Professor of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Richard David Scott Chair of Pediatric, Developmental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts
ELLEN E. PINDERHUGHES, Associate Professor, Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Development, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
FRANK W. PUTNAM, JR., Professor of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
DESMOND K. RUNYAN, Executive Director, Kempe Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
CATHY SPATZ WIDOM, Distinguished Professor, Psychology Department, John Jay College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York
JOAN LEVY ZLOTNIK, Director, Social Work Policy Institute, National Association of Social Workers, Washington, DC
Consultants
GREGORY A. AARONS, University of California, San Diego
RICHARD P. BARTH, University of Maryland
REBECCA BERTELL, University of Maryland
CINDY CHRISTIAN, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
HOWARD DUBOWITZ, University of Maryland
DEBORAH HARBURGER, University of Maryland
STANLEY J. HUEY, JR., University of Southern California
KENT P. HYMEL, The Children’s Hospital of Dartmouth
NANCY KELLOGG, University of Texas Health Science Center
JOHN LANDSVERK, Rady Children’s Hospital of San Diego
LAWRENCE PALINKAS, University of Southern California
MATHEW URETSKY, University of Maryland
ALLISON WEST, University of Maryland
KRISTEN WOODRUFF, University of Maryland
FRED WULCZYN, Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago
Study Staff
MONICA FEIT, Study Director1
JOSHUA JOSEPH, Study Director2
MICHAEL McGEARY, Senior Program Officer3
TARA MAINERO, Research Associate4
ALEJANDRA MARTÍN, Research Associate5
KAREN CAMPION, Research Assistant6
AMANDA PASCAVIS, Research Assistant7
WENDY KEENAN, Program Associate
SAMANTHA ROBOTHAM, Senior Program Assistant
PAMELLA ATAYI, Administrative Assistant
KATHLEEN McGRAW-SHEPHERD, Intern8
KIMBER BOGARD, Director, Board on Children, Youth, and Families
ARLENE LEE, Director, Committee on Law and Justice
________________
1Through January 2013.
2Starting January 2013.
3Starting January 2013 through March 2013.
4Starting September 2013.
5Through September 2013.
6Starting December 2012 through August 2013.
7Starting November 2013.
8Starting May 2012 through August 2012.
Acknowledgments
This report reflects contributions from numerous individuals and groups. The committee takes this opportunity to recognize those who so generously gave their time and expertise to inform its deliberations.
To begin, the committee would like to thank the sponsor of this study. Support for the committee’s work was provided by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children’s Bureau, Office on Child Abuse and Neglect. We wish to thank Joe Bock, Melissa Brodowski, Catherine Nolan, Bryan Samuels, and Dori Sneddon for their guidance and support.
The committee greatly benefited from the opportunity for discussion with individuals who made presentations at and attended the committee’s workshops and meetings (see Appendix B). The committee is thankful for the useful contributions of these many individuals.
The committee could not have done its work without the support and guidance provided by the Institute of Medicine (IOM)/National Research Council (NRC) project staff: Karen Campion, Monica Feit, Joshua Joseph, Wendy Keenan, Tara Mainero, Alejandra Martín, Kathleen McGraw-Shepherd, Amanda Pascavis, and Samantha Robotham. The committee gratefully acknowledges Kimber Bogard of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families and Arlene Lee and Jane Ross of the Committee on Law and Justice for their guidance on this study.
Many other staff within the IOM/NRC provided support to this in various ways. The committee would like to thank Pamella Atayi, Burke, Laura DeStefano, Chelsea Frakes, Faye Hillman, Nicole Joy, McGeary, Abbey Meltzer, and Patti Simon. Finally, Rona Briere and Alisa Decatur are to be credited for the superb editorial assistance they provided in preparing the final report.
Reviewers
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Dolores Subia BigFoot, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Columbia University
Mark J. Chaffin, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Diana English, University of Washington
Sally Flanzer, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (Retired)
Joan Kaufman, Yale University
Jill E. Korbin, Case Western Reserve University
Richard D. Krugman, University of Colorado at Denver
Kristen Shook Slack, University of Wisconsin–Madison
Charles H. Zeanah, Tulane University
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the report’s conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the
report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Robert S. Lawrence, Johns Hopkins University, and Nancy E. Adler, University of California, San Francisco. Appointed by the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
4 CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT
Cognitive, Psychosocial, and Behavioral Outcomes
Individual Differences in Outcomes
Overview of the Child Welfare System
Major Policy Shifts in Child Welfare Since 1993
System-Level Reforms Intended to Improve Practice and Outcomes
Research on Key Policy and Practice Reforms
Issues That Remain to Be Addressed
6 INTERVENTIONS AND SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Common Issues in Improving Program Impacts
Building an Integrated System of Care
7 RESEARCH CHALLENGES AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Components of the Child Abuse and Neglect Research Infrastructure
Challenges in Child Abuse and Neglect Research
Existing Opportunities to Create an Integrated Child Abuse and Neglect Research Infrastructure