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24 Operational Definition of Behavioral Cues A p p e n d i x B Category Behavior Operational Definition Appearance 1. Eyes Blinking (flitting) Rapid blinking. Excessively frequent blinking. Lids, heavy Prolonged, slow blinks. Drooping eyelids. Eyes half shut. Dozing Similar to ânodding off.â Eyes completely shut for prolonged periods of time. Head drops and jerks back up. 2. Hands Shaking Hands twitching/shaking. Hands unsteady. 3. Face Flushed Face is red. Face is blotchy or has dark spots on cheeks. Sweating Beads of sweat on face. Hair appears wet. Drooling Saliva appears around mouth. Drool may run down face. Driver frequently wipes mouth. 4. Hair Disheveled Hair disorganized. Hair sticking up or ruffled. Hair not neat. 5. Clothes Shirt unkempt Shirt partially untucked. Shirt wrinkled excessively. Shirt buttoned incorrectly. Collar turned up or partially turned up. Shirt generally fitting or being worn improperly. Loosening/taking off Shirt unbuttoned or partially buttoned. Sleeves rolled up. Untucking or loosening shirt. Removing articles of clothing. Missing articles of clothing. 6. Body tremors/ shaking Body tremors/shaking Body is shaking uncontrollably. Slight shaking of the body. Body is experiencing tremors. 7. Sensation Rubbing head (like for a headache) Driver is using hands to rub the face or temples as if they have a headache. Massages temples, face, or back of neck. Rubbing face Rubs face for a second or more. Does not include brushing objects off of face. Dizzy/swaying/leaning against window Body appears to be uncontrolled. Head spinning. Body leaning to one side or not upright. Body leaning against window. Nauseous Driver appears to be on the verge of getting sick. May make motion as if to throw up or gag. Covers mouth with hand like they are about to vomit. Face appears sick. 8. Memory Repetitive action Engages in any repetitive action. Examples: Playing with hair, adjusting clothing, rubbing eyes, etc. Gets lost Looks around as if not knowing where s/he is. Affective 9. Nervousness Nervous Driver looks uncomfortable or nervous. Restless Driver seems fidgety. Frequent movements. May seem uncomfortable. Agitated Appears annoyed. May seem short with passengers. Driver may display frustrated facial emotions or give rude hand gestures. Relaxed Driver appears overly calm.
25 Category Behavior Operational Definition 10. Mood Crying Face wet from tears. Wipes eyes. Exhilarated Driver seems full of energy. Bouncing in seat. Drumming on steering wheel. Singing to radio. Dancing in seat. Rapid changes in mood Driver experiences a multitude of emotions in a very short period. Emotions quickly fluctuating. Hostile Angry look on driverâs face. Driver makes rude or aggressive gestures. Driver appears to be yelling. Driver is forceful with gestures. Distracted Not paying attention to the road. Excessively looking around in and/or outside the vehicle. Extremely friendly Driver may appear overly talkative, use excessive or exaggerated hand gestures, or have an unusually open body posture. Talkative Driver is constantly talking. Sexually aggressive Excessive touching, forced contact, or strong sexual gestures. Confused Driver does not appear to know what is going on or where s/he is. Has confused look on face. Looking around as if to gain clues. Motor 11. Coordination Posture/canât sit up straight Slumped in seat. Leaning to one side of seat. Driver attempts to sit up straight but fails. Drops/spills/knocks things over Attempts to reach for something and instead knocks it over. While holding something, drops it without intent. 12. Nervous system Hiccups Determined by throat constricting, shoulders abruptly moving up and then down. Belching Determined by mouth open, head moving forward. Vomiting Throwing up. Seizures, convulsions Violent jerking motions of entire body. Asleep Eyes completely closed with body relaxed. Breathing fast Frequent and quick rising and dropping of chest and/or shoulders. Yawning Prolonged wide open mouth. Stupor Driver has blank glance. Appears âzoned out.â Not paying attention to surroundings. Steady forward gaze without focusing eyes or scanning driving scene.
