Guidebook for Through-the-Fence Operations (2014)

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ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations58 CHAPTER FIVE ASSESSING TTF OPERATIONS 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Process for Assessing TTF Operations 5.3 Alternative Assessment 5.4 Airport Sponsor Obligations 5.5 Primary Planning Documents 5.6 Airport Sponsor Regulatory Measures 5.7 Primary Management and Compliance Documents 5.8 Land, Infrastructure, and Improvements 5.9 Activities 5.10 Interested Parties 5.11 Wrap-Up 5.12 Worksheets 5.1 INTRODUCTION Assessing TTF operations is one of the most crucial steps an airport sponsor can take when deciding to permit, restrict, or prohibit TTF operations. By evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of TTF operations and ascertaining the impacts associated with TTF operations, airport management and policymakers will have the information needed to make an informed, prudent, and defensible decision regarding permitting, restricting, or prohibiting TTF operations. An airport sponsor that attempts to eliminate an existing TTF operation, deny a proposed TTF operation, or restrict or prohibit future TTF operations without conducting a proper assessment may: forego opportunities to increase revenues; stymie outside investment at and/or adjacent to the airport (possibly impacting the airport’s ability to be financially self-sustaining); limit the capacity of the airport by not allowing the use of off-airport land (when on-airport land is insufficient) to meet the demand for aviation products, services, and facilities; prevent the creation of job opportunities within the local community and/or at the airport; and/or preclude expansion of the local tax base. Conversely, an airport sponsor that approves a TTF operation without conducting a proper assessment may: have to deal with incompatible land use issues relating to the improvements made on and/or adjacent to the airport and the associated TTF activities; be found non-compliant with federal and/or state obligations; end up with a non-compatible TTF operation with the airport’s primary planning documents (including the airport’s mission and vision) and/or the airport’s policies, standards, rules, and regulations (i.e., primary management and compliance documents);

59ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations impact the viability of and relationships with existing operators, tenants, and users; incur unbudgeted financial impacts; and/or be subject to a myriad of other undesirable impacts (e.g., airside, landside, real estate, airspace, etc.). As such, this chapter provides a best practice approach for assessing TTF operations at a federally obligated airport. Before reading the balance of this chapter, it is recommended that the worksheets provided in Section 5.12: Worksheets be printed as the worksheets are referenced throughout this chapter. 5.2 PROCESS FOR ASSESSING TTF OPERAT IONS Whether existing, proposed, or future TTF operations are being assessed, the ultimate goal of the assessment is to ensure that the federally obligated airport can be planned, developed, operated, and managed to ensure the safety, utility, and efficiency of the airport for the benefit of the public and that TTF operations are aligned with the airport’s planning, management, and compliance documents (as discussed in Chapter 4: Airport Planning, Management, and Compliance Tools). ASSESSMENT SCENARIOS The assessment process and the tools discussed in this chapter should be utilized when an airport sponsor is desirous of evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of TTF operations and ascertaining the impacts associated with TTF operations. It is important to note that it can be difficult to broadly assess the opportunities and issues of TTF operations without focusing on a specific type of TTF activity. Therefore, it may be necessary and appropriate to conduct multiple assessments (one for each type of TTF activity) to formulate a policy on TTF operations. EXISTING TTF OPERATIONS If an existing TTF operation has not been assessed, depending on the terms and conditions of the TTF agreement (if one exists), the opportunities and issues associated with allowing the continuation of the TTF operation through renewal of the TTF agreement, modifying the terms and conditions of the existing TTF agreement, or prohibiting the existing TTF operation by terminating the TTF agreement should be assessed. An assessment of existing TTF operations should always be conducted before renewing an existing TTF agreement and during the development (or update) of the airport’s strategic business plan, master plan, ALP, and other planning, management, and compliance documents. PROPOSED TTF OPERATIONS A thorough assessment of proposed TTF operations may reduce or eliminate the complications commonly associated with proposals made by prospective TTF entities and the evaluation of such proposals by airport management and policymakers. If a prospective TTF entity fully understands the assessment process and the criteria for evaluating TTF proposals, the entity will be in a better position to make an educated decision on whether to submit a proposal or not and if the entity decides to submit a proposal, it is more likely that such a proposal will be responsive to the assessment criteria. Equally important, if airport management and policymakers are fully aware of the opportunities and issues associated with a proposed TTF operation, it is more likely that an informed recommendation and/or decision can be made.

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations60 Before an airport sponsor solicits proposals for TTF operations, a thorough assessment process should be formulated and before accepting a proposal, the assessment process should be implemented (i.e., the proposal should be evaluated accordingly). FUTURE TTF OPERATIONS By developing a policy on TTF operations and a thorough assessment process (if TTF operations are going to be permitted), an airport sponsor can encourage, discourage, or prohibit future proposals for TTF operations. An airport sponsor should assess whether or not, from a policy standpoint, to permit, restrict, or prohibit future TTF operations (overall or specific types of TTF activities only) during the development (or update) of the airport’s strategic business plan, master plan, ALP, and other planning, management, and compliance documents. ASSESSMENT PROCESS The first steps in a TTF operations assessment process typically include: educating airport management, policymakers, and stakeholders about the reasons for and the value of conducting an assessment of TTF operations; determining whether to use an internal, external, or combination approach to conduct assessment; soliciting input from airport management, policymakers, and stakeholders during the assessment process; forming the assessment team and selecting a facilitator; and briefing the assessment team about the reasons for and the value of conducting an assessment. The assessment process includes an analysis of each of the following areas (each discussed in this chapter): Alternative Assessments Airport Sponsor Obligations Primary Planning Documents Airport Sponsor Regulatory Measures Primary Management and Compliance Documents Land, Infrastructure, and Improvements TTF Activities Interested Parties During any assessment process, there are points in the process that can lead to “go” or “no-go” decisions as negative impacts are evaluated against positive impacts. Similarly, the TTF assessment process discussed in this chapter includes several “stop signs” where the assessment team should strongly consider the disadvantages of TTF operations in comparison to the advantages before moving forward. Figure 5-1 provides a recommended assessment process and the associated “stop signs.” The assessment process is designed to assist the assessment team with: identifying alternatives to TTF operations; evaluating the advantages and disadvantages associated with TTF operations; ascertaining the impacts of TTF operations; and collecting the information needed to make an informed recommendation and/or decision regarding permitting, restricting, or prohibiting TTF operations.

61 ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations FIGURE 5-1: Assessment Process Guide

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations62 The second step in the assessment process for TTF operations is completion of Worksheet 5-1: TTF Operation Profile (provided in Section 5.12: Worksheets). This worksheet is designed to help the assessment team gain a better understanding of the elements and attributes associated with the TTF operation. The information required to complete this worksheet can be obtained from existing TTF agreements, applications or proposals for conducting TTF operations, and/or information provided by (and/or meetings with) existing or prospective TTF entities. Figure 5-2 includes a snapshot of this worksheet. FIGURE 5-2: Snapshot of Worksheet 5-1 – TTF Operation Profile Type of TTF Operation: Type of TTF Entity: Attributes of TTF property (existing and/or proposed) Ordinance restrictions Zoning restrictions WORKSHEET 5-1: TTF OPERATION PROFILE Availability of utilities Airside infrastructure access Proximity to airport infrastructure (apron, taxiways, runways) Safety, utility, and efficiency impacts Landside infrastructure access Building restrictions Airport Name: TTF Entity Name: Type of TTF Activity: Residential Commercial Aeronautical Non-Commercial Aeronautical Non-Aeronautical Governmental/Military TTF PROPERTY Existing Proposed Future Private Property Owner Public Property Owner Lessee Sublessee Home Owners Association Location (in relationship to the airport) Size (acreage, square feet, and linear feet of airport frontage) Known environmental issues The third step in the assessment process is completion of Worksheet 5-2: Airport Profile (provided in Section 5.12: Worksheets). This worksheet is designed to help the assessment team gain a better understanding of the elements and attributes associated with the airport that could be enhanced based on the positive impacts associated with TTF operations and/or that could be diminished based on the negative impacts associated with TTF operations. The information required to complete this worksheet can be provided by airport management/staff and policymakers. Figure 5-3 includes a snapshot of this worksheet.

63ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations FIGURE 5-3: Snapshot of Worksheet 5-2 – Airport Profile Available Land Airside infrastructure access WORKSHEET 5-2: AIRPORT PROFILE Airport Name: AIRPORT LAND AND IMPROVEMENTS Availability of utilities Location Size (acreage, square feet) Landside infrastructure access completion of Worksheet 5-3: TTF Operation Assessment (provided in Section 5.12: Worksheets). This worksheet, which consists of a series of questions (key assessment points) for the assessment team, is designed to help identify and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of TTF operations and ascertain the impacts associated with TTF operations. The guidance provided in the next several pages of this chapter will be helpful for completing this worksheet. Figure 5-4 includes a snapshot of this worksheet. FIGURE 5-4: Snapshot of Worksheet 5-3 – TTF Operation Assessment Type of TTF Operations: See Section 5.3 Can existing on-airport land, infrastructure, and/or improvements accommodate the TTF operations? NO MAYBE YES N/A NO MAYBE YES N/A NO MAYBE YES N/A WORKSHEET 5-3: TTF OPERATION ASSESSMENT Comments: Comments: Comments: Airport Name: TTF Entity Name: ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT Type of TTF Activity: Residential Commercial Aeronautical Non-Commercial Aeronautical Non-Aeronautical Governmental/Military Existing Proposed Future Is the entity willing to lease existing on-airport land and/or improvements that can accommodate the TTF operations? Is the entity willing to donate or sell the TTF property to the airport sponsor (can the fence be moved to accommodate the TTF operations)? The final step in the assessment process is a holistic review of the responses provided to the questions posed in Worksheet 5-3: TTF Operation Assessment and formulation of a recommendation regarding whether or not: a TTF agreement for an existing TTF operation should be renewed, modified, or terminated; a proposed TTF operation should be approved or denied; and/or Using the information from Worksheet 5-1 and 5-2, the fourth step in the assessment process is

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations64 a policy should be adopted to permit, restrict, or prohibit future TTF operations. 5.3 ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENTS The first alternative involves assessing existing on-airport land, infrastructure, and improvements to determine if the TTF operation can be accommodated on-airport. If so, airport management and policymakers should determine the willingness of the TTF entity to relocate the existing TTF operation or site the proposed TTF operation on-airport. The second alternative involves assessing the ability of the airport sponsor to acquire the TTF property and effectively “move the fence.” This could involve the donation or sale of the TTF property to the airport sponsor in return for entering into a lease agreement or “leasing back” the property (so long as the terms and conditions of the lease are fair and reasonable and consistent with the airport sponsor’s obligations). The availability of federal and/or state funds is typically a significant factor to consider if the TTF property is going to be purchased by the airport sponsor. It is important to note that 49 CFR Part 24 (Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition for Federal and Federally Assisted Programs) may apply if AIP funds are utilized or the airport sponsor is seeking FAA approval (i.e., amendment of ALP). 5.4 AIRPORT SPONSOR OBLIGATIONS As discussed in Chapter 2: Airport Sponsor Obligations, airport sponsors of federally obligated airports must maintain compliance with numerous federal and state obligations to remain eligible for public funding. These obligations are one of the ways federal and state agencies can ensure that an airport is being planned, developed, operated, and managed to ensure the safety, utility, and efficiency of the airport while also protecting the public’s investment in airports and the public’s use of airports. Airport management and policymakers must fully understand the obligations that are applicable to the airport and TTF operations in order to assess the airport sponsor’s ability to maintain compliance with such obligations and remain eligible for federal and state funding. Further, consultation with the FAA and SAO on TTF operations is highly recommended to ensure that the FAA and SAO do not have any objections to the intentions of the airport sponsor and that the actions or inactions of the airport sponsor relating to TTF operations will not result in a finding of non-compliance by the FAA or SAO. Any determination by the assessment team, airport management and policymakers, the FAA, or SAO that a TTF operation could result in a finding of non-compliance should stop the assessment process immediately and trigger the implementation (if possible) of an alternative approach to TTF operations that would allow the airport sponsor to maintain compliance with federal and state obligations. If an airport sponsor is found in non- compliance, this could result in the loss of future federal and state funds and the FAA, SAO, and others could take legal and administrative action against the airport sponsor. As such, an assessment of the airport sponsor’s ability to maintain compliance with each federal and state obligation is an important initial step in the assessment process. As discussed in the FAA Policy Regarding Access to Airports From Residential Property in the Federal Register, the FAA will not concern itself with commercial non-aeronautical TTF activities as long as the airport sponsor is able to maintain compliance with its obligations. Before evaluating the advantages and disadvantages and ascertaining the impacts associated with TTF operations, the viability of implementing one of the following alternatives should be carefully considered:

65ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations AIRPORT SPONSOR ASSURANCES While each of the following Airport Sponsor Assurances were introduced and discussed in Chapter 2: Airport Sponsor Obligations, this section summarizes the obligations associated with each assurance to help the assessment team assess the airport sponsors’ ability to maintain compliance with each assurance. It is recommended that the assessment team review the information in Chapter 2 to fully understand the obligations associated with each of the following assurances. ASSURANCE 5 (PRESERVING RIGHTS AND POWERS) This assurance requires that the airport sponsor preserve its rights and powers to perform the terms, conditions, and assurances associated with receiving AIP funds. This includes not placing contractual and legal encumbrances or conditions on airport property. Additionally, guidance on assessing the airport sponsor’s ability to maintain compliance with this assurance is provided in the CGL. While the guidance provided in the CGL is focused on residential TTF activities, it still provides valuable insight into how the FAA may view TTF agreements for other types of TTF activities at federally obligated airports. In the case of existing residential TTF activities at commercial service airports (new residential TTF activities as commercial service airports are prohibited), the FAA will request the following information, data, and/or documentation during its assessment of a TTF operation to determine whether or not the airport sponsor will be able to maintain compliance with this assurance. It is reasonable to anticipate that the FAA may request the same or similar information, data, and/or documentation for other types of TTF activities at other types of airports if the airport sponsor asks the FAA to review an existing or proposed TTF agreement. Copies of the: TTF agreement and airport sponsor ordinances, policies, standards, rules, and regulations pertaining to TTF operations and avigation easements relating to the TTF property Description of the: TTF operation and the terms and conditions of the TTF agreement; subordination of the TTF agreement (to the Airport Sponsor Assurances); current zoning for the airport and adjacent land; airport sponsor’s legal ability to influence the zoning for the airport and adjacent land; steps taken to limit non-compatible zoning for the airport and adjacent land; TTF access controls, signage, and/or markings that will be utilized by the airport sponsor to control access to the airport’s airside infrastructure and address safety, utility, and efficiency concerns; process utilized to educate the local community and TTF entities on the airport sponsor’s obligations; and plans, if any, to eliminate TTF operations • • • • • • • • • • .

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations66 ASSURANCE 19 (OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE) This assurance requires that airport management and policymakers plan, develop, operate, and manage the airport’s movement and non-movement areas to ensure the safety, utility, and efficiency of the airport for the benefit of the public. In the case of existing residential TTF activities at commercial service airports, the FAA will request the following information, data, and/or documentation during its assessment of TTF operations to determine whether or not the airport sponsor will be able to maintain compliance with this assurance. It is reasonable to anticipate that the FAA may request the same or similar information, data, and/or documentation for other types of TTF activities at other types of airports if the airport sponsor asks the FAA to review an existing or proposed TTF agreement. Copy of the airport sponsor ordinances, policies, standards, rules, and regulations relating to TTF operations Description of the: procedures to enforce the airport sponsor’s ordinances, policies, standards, rules, and regulations relating to TTF operations; rules and regulations the airport sponsor will impose on transient aircraft for utilizing TTF access points and the way such rules and regulations will be communicated and enforced; mechanisms and/or procedures that will be used to separate aircraft, vehicles, and pedestrians; procedures for aircraft that will access each runway threshold from the TTF access points; mechanisms that will be used to prevent, monitor, and enforce domestic activities (i.e., walking dogs, playing games and sports, etc.) from occurring on-airport, and particularly within the AOA associated with runway safety areas, runway protection zones, runway object free zones, taxiway safety areas, obstacle free areas, object free areas, and primary surface areas; mechanisms that will be used to prevent, monitor, and enforce the establishment of potential wildlife attractants (e.g., water detention ponds, gardens, composting areas, etc.) near the airport; and aircraft taxi routes associated with the TTF access points that could preclude the airport sponsor from • • • • • • • meeting FAA design standards and the way the airport sponsor intends to meet such standards in the future. ASSURANCE 20 (HAZARD REMOVAL AND MITIGATION) A thorough understanding of the infrastructure and improvements that will be developed and the activities that will take place on the TTF property will be essential to assess the airport sponsor’s ability to maintain compliance with this assurance. Further, review of FAA Form 7460-1 (Notice of Proposed Construction or Alteration on Airport), available online at https://oeaaa.faa.gov/oeaaa/external/portal.jsp, which must be submitted by the TTF entity or the airport sponsor, will be helpful in making this determination. The FAA has an online tool to determine if the form needs to be filed and if so, the FAA requires that the form be completed and submitted online. It is significant to note that FAA determinations with regard to construction of obstructions are only advisory in nature and that the local zoning authority provides the ultimate determination consistent with local zoning codes which reinforces the importance of having zoning codes for land located adjacent to airports. In the case of existing residential TTF activities at commercial service airports, the FAA will request the following information, data, and/or documentation during its assessment of a TTF operation to determine whether or not the airport sponsor will be able to maintain compliance with this assurance. It is reasonable to anticipate that the FAA may request the same or similar information, data, and/or documentation for other types of TTF activities at other types of airports if the airport sponsor asks the FAA to review an existing or proposed TTF agreement.

67ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations mechanisms and airspace studies used by the airport sponsor to ensure that infrastructure and improvements on TTF property will not penetrate the airport’s protected and imaginary surfaces; mechanisms used by the airport sponsor to require TTF entities to complete FAA Form 7460-1 when infrastructure, improvements, and facilities are proposed to be made or modified on TTF property; mechanisms used by the airport sponsor to require TTF entities to remove, lower, relocate, mark, light, or otherwise mitigate trees or any other potential or existing airspace obstructions; and powers and/or authorities the airport sponsor may have to prohibit new construction on and/or off the airport which may be a hazard to air navigation. ASSURANCE 21 (COMPATIBLE LAND USE) Zoning and land use plans (both discussed in Chapter 4: Airport Planning, Management, and Compliance Tools) can be utilized by an airport sponsor to assess the compatibility of a TTF operation. Compatible land uses are often determined by the location, height, and type of activity; the impact on aircraft movement (on the ground and in the air) and airport operations; and the public’s health, safety, and general welfare. Examples of incompatible land use adjacent to or within the airport influence area include: manmade, natural, permanent, or temporary structures and objects that may impact the use of airspace; lights that may distract flight crews or air traffic control personnel; wetlands, landfills, landscaping, or vegetation that may be capable of attracting wildlife or creating a “foreign object debris” (FOD) hazard on the airport; antennas that transmit signals that may be capable of interfering with radio transmissions and/or navigational aids; facilities that may be adversely impacted by airport noise, vibrations, or fumes (e.g., residences, schools, churches, public health facilities, concert halls, etc.); solar panels that may create reflectivity/glare issues; and land areas or facilities where large numbers of people may congregate in designated airport safety areas. In the case of existing residential TTF activities at commercial service airports, the FAA will request the following information, data, and/or documentation during its assessment of TTF operations to determine whether or not the airport sponsor is able to maintain compliance with this assurance. It is reasonable to anticipate that the FAA may request the same or similar information, data, and/or documentation for other TTF activities at other types of airports if the airport sponsor asks the FAA to review an existing or proposed TTF agreement. mechanisms used by the airport sponsor to monitor proposed and actual zoning changes or designations in land use adjacent to the airport; airport sponsor plans to avoid residential encroachment and other non-compatible land uses near the airport; existing or proposed actions the airport sponsor has taken/will take to educate the zoning authorities about the airport sponsor’s obligations; existing or proposed plans the airport sponsor has to acquire avigation easements over land near the airport; airport sponsor’s assessment of the compatibility (or the lack of compatibility) between TTF operations and existing, proposed, or future activities at the airport and the airport sponsor’s plan to address incompatibilities; local or state requirements or limitations pertaining to the proximity of residential structures to aeronautical activities; and methodology used by the airport sponsor to receive and track noise complaints and promote the airport’s noise program to the community.

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations68 ASSURANCE 22 (ECONOMIC NONDISCRIMINATION) While TTF entities operating solely from TTF property (i.e., entities not leasing on-airport land, infrastructure, or improvements nor attempting to relocate TTF operations on-airport) are not protected by this assurance and the FAA will not entertain complaints from TTF entities relating to this assurance, the airport sponsor must assess whether its ordinances, policies, standards, rules, and regulations relating to TTF operations and the terms and conditions of its TTF agreements are (or will be) unjustly discriminatory from the perspective of on- airport operators, tenants, and/or users. ASSURANCE 23 (EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS) As with Assurance 22, TTF entities operating solely from TTF property are not protected by this assurance. However, the airport sponsor should not grant an exclusive right to engage in aeronautical activities (including commercial aeronautical activities) to a TTF entity. Granting an exclusive right may violate the rights of existing or future on-airport operators, tenants, and/or users and may also have an adverse impact on the airport sponsor’s ability to maintain compliance with this assurance. ASSURANCE 24 (FEE AND RENTAL STRUCTURE) The development and implementation of a leasing/rents and fees policy (as discussed in Chapter 4: Airport Planning, Management, and Compliance Tools) can help an airport sponsor meet the goal of being as financially self-sustaining as possible given the circumstances that exist at the airport, which is foundational to maintaining compliance with this assurance. Establishing a rents and fees schedule for TTF operations (as discussed in Chapter 6: Structuring TTF Operations) that provides economic parity (at a minimum) with on-airport operators, tenants, and users will also help an airport sponsor maintain compliance with this assurance. In the case of existing residential TTF activities, the FAA will request a description of the way an airport sponsor assesses and collects fees from TTF entities, the transient users of TTF properties, and on-airport operators, tenants, and users during its assessment of TTF operations. It is reasonable to anticipate that the FAA may request the same information for other types of TTF activities at other types of airports if the airport sponsor asks the FAA to review an existing or proposed TTF agreement. As discussed in the final FAA Policy Regarding Access to Airports From Residential Property in the Federal Register (Vol. 78, No. 136, Page 42419) and other FAA guidance, airport sponsors should establish rents and fees for TTF operations that are comparable to the rents and/or fees being charged to on-airport operators, tenants, and users. ASSURANCE 29 (AIRPORT LAYOUT PLAN) In theory, compliance with this assurance should be relatively easy for airport sponsors. However, airport sponsors have historically made modifications to airport boundaries, land use, infrastructure, and improvements without updating the ALP. The importance of maintaining compliance with this assurance, as it relates to TTF operations was reemphasized in Section 136 which stipulates that the ALP must show all TTF access points (as discussed in Chapter 2: Airport Sponsor Obligations). In the case of existing residential TTF activities at commercial service airports, the FAA will request the following information, data, and/or documentation during its assessment of TTF operations to determine whether or not the airport sponsor is able to maintain compliance with this assurance. It is reasonable to anticipate that the FAA may request the same or similar information, data, and/or documentation for other TTF activities at other types of airports if the airport sponsor asks the FAA to review an existing or proposed TTF agreement. dimensions for taxiways and taxilanes associated with TTF operations and depiction (of same) from the airport boundary to existing airside infrastructure; dimensions of all safety areas and depiction (of same);

69ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations depiction of obstruction surfaces (e.g., Part 77, threshold siting, and all design surfaces discussed in AC 150-5300-13, Airport Design, etc.); depiction of elevations of all existing and proposed improvements and facilities associated with TTF operations and associated penetrations of airport protected or imaginary surfaces; ascertain if any existing or proposed improvements or facilities associated with TTF operations impact existing or proposed navigational aids or other equipment; determine if the airport sponsor maintains control of all runway protection areas and runway protection zones; determine if the air traffic control tower (if existent) has a clear line of sight to view all TTF access points; and identify the physical or procedural access controls used to separate TTF operations from on-airport property. REMAINING AIRPORT SPONSOR ASSURANCES While the assurances discussed in this chapter are deemed most relevant to TTF operations, an airport sponsor’s ability to comply with the remaining assurances may be impacted by existing, proposed, or future TTF operations. Airport management and policymakers should regularly review the assurances the airport sponsor has made a commitment to comply with. 5.5 PRIMARY PLANNING DOCUMENTS As discussed in Chapter 4: Airport Planning, Management, and Compliance Tools, there are several tools that airport management and policymakers can develop, implement, and enforce to maintain compliance with federal and state obligations and plan, develop, operate, and manage the airport to ensure the safety, utility, and efficiency of the airport for the benefit of the public. This includes primary planning documents (discussed in this section), airport sponsor regulatory measures (discussed in Section 5.6), and primary management and compliance documents (discussed in Section 5.7). AIRPORT STRATEGIC BUSINESS PLAN An airport strategic business plan identifies the mission, vision, goals, objectives, action plans, and budgets that drive the day-to-day operation and management of an airport. Therefore, an assessment of the impact a TTF operation could have on the airport sponsor realizing the mission and vision for the airport, achieving goals and objectives, and accomplishing action plans must be completed. Determination by the assessment team that a TTF operation could have a significant negative impact on realizing, achieving, and/or accomplishing one or more of the elements of the airport strategic business plan should stop the assessment process and trigger the implementation (if possible) of an alternative approach to TTF operations. A brief discussion of each of the key elements of an airport strategic business plan (and potential considerations relating to assessing TTF operations) follows.

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations70 MISSION STATEMENT An airport’s mission statement conveys the reason for an airport’s existence and may identify the core competencies of the organization as well. TTF operations should not conflict with the airport’s mission statement nor undermine the ability of the airport sponsor to realize the airport’s mission. An example of an airport mission statement that may not be in conflict with TTF operations follows (the underlined sections may be supported by TTF operations): The Airport is committed to providing a safe, efficient, convenient and economically self-sustaining air transportation facility consistent with state and federal obligations and responsive to airport-user and community needs while supporting and promoting the region's economic growth and development. An example of an airport mission statement that may be in conflict with TTF operations follows (the underlined sections may be in conflict with TTF operations): The Airport is a community airport that provides high quality aviation facilities and services to meet local needs and strives for low impact on our neighbors while enhancing the benefit to the community-at-large. VISION STATEMENT An airport’s vision statement articulates the aspirations for the airport; it is a picture of success. TTF operations should not conflict with the airport’s vision statement nor undermine the ability of the airport sponsor to realize the vision for the airport. An example of an airport vision statement that may not be in conflict with TTF operations follows (the underlined sections may be supported by TTF operations): The Airport team will use a people-centered approach to provide our community with superior aviation facilities, custom solutions, continuous economic development and a proactive workforce that enhances our reputation as judged by our customers, employees, and board members. An example of an airport vision statement that may be in conflict with TTF operations follows (the underlined sections may be in conflict with TTF operations): To become the premier airport in the region by meeting the needs of consumers through maximization of the public asset and full utilization of the related land and facilities in a safe, secure, efficient, compliant, compatible and financially sound manner. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Goals represent the desired results, outcomes, or levels of attainment that need to be achieved to realize the airport’s mission and vision. An objective is a significant step toward achieving a goal; it is a means to an end. TTF operations should not conflict with (or undermine the potential to achieve) the goals and objectives that have been established for the airport. An example of an airport goal that may not be in conflict with TTF operations (the underlined sections may be supported by TTF operations): Provide economic development opportunities, both on and off-airport, through support of investment zones and appropriate corporate incentives that support the mission of the airport and community owners. An example of an airport goal that may be in conflict with TTF operations (the underlined sections may be in conflict with TTF operations): Lease 400 acres of on-airport land to bring new business to enhance airport revenues and job growth in the greater region.

71ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations OPERATING BUDGET An airport’s operating budget identifies the forecasted operating revenues, cost of revenues, and operating expenses for the airport over a specific period of time (typically associated with the fiscal year of the airport). Some of the possible impacts on an airport’s operating budget associated with TTF operations could include: operating revenues generated by on-airport FBOs and SASOs that provide commercial aeronautical products, services, and/or facilities to TTF entities; TTF entities that have TTF access and engage in TTF activities; and transient customers who utilize TTF access points to visit TTF entities. operating expenses associated with on-airport land, infrastructure, and improvements that facilitates TTF access, and increased • • • • • usage of airside land, infrastructure, and improvements associated with the aircraft based on or utilizing TTF property. NON-OPERATING BUDGET An airport’s non-operating budget identifies the forecasted non-operating sources of funds (e.g., federal, state, and local grant funds, subsidies, contributions from third parties, etc.) and use of funds (e.g., depreciation, amortization, interest, non-operating capital expenditures, etc.) for the airport over a specific period of time (typically associated with the fiscal year of the airport). Some of the possible impacts on an airport’s non- operating budget associated with TTF operations include non-operating sources of funds and non-operating uses of funds that are associated with TTF operations including the planning and development of on-airport infrastructure and improvements that facilitate TTF access (and/or that have been justified based on the on- airport activity levels associated with TTF operations). PERFORMANCE MEASURES Leasable and leased land Aviation and non-aviation Leasable and leased improvements Aviation and non-aviation • • Aircraft operations Based aircraft Fuel volumes If an airport sponsor of a federally obligated airport utilizes airport funds for off-airport purposes (e.g., development of infrastructure development, construction of improvements, etc.), the airport sponsor could be found in non-compliance with the Airport Sponsor Assurances. However, airport sponsors may use airport revenue to make on- airport improvements to facilitate TTF operations. Performance measures are used to compare financial and operational results between current and historical periods and compare results to the performance of comparable and competitive airports, a practice commonly referred to as comparative analysis. In addition to the financial elements that are commonly used as performance measures (discussed in this chapter), there are a number of operational performance measures that can be impacted—positively or negatively—by TTF operations. Some examples follow:

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations72 AIRPORT MASTER PLAN/AIRPORT LAYOUT PLAN AIRPORT MASTER PLAN As discussed in the final FAA Policy Regarding Access to Airports From Residential Property in the Federal Register (Vol. 78, No. 136, Page 42419) for commercial service airports with residential TTF activities, an airport sponsor should have a current (updated within the last five years) airport master plan that identifies potential areas for growth that are not impacted by TTF operations. In the alternative, an airport sponsor should have a process for amending or terminating existing TTF agreements so that TTF property, which may be necessary for future airport expansion, can be acquired. When assessing existing and proposed TTF operations, the assessment team should assess the impacts that the TTF operation could have on implementing the selected alternative of the current airport master plan. When assessing future TTF operations and/or during the development (or update) of an airport master plan, the assessment team should assess the impacts that TTF operations could have on implementing the alternatives identified during the airport master planning process. During the master planning processes, if demand in the market (for airport land, infrastructure, and/or improvements) is greater than the capacity at the airport, TTF operations could be a way to expand the capacity of the airport and meet the level of demand in the market. By pursuing this alternative, private property ownership and local property tax rolls could be maintained. ALP The potential impacts of TTF operations on immediate, near, and long-term development needs to be carefully considered. For example, if an airport sponsor is desirous of developing an airport perimeter fence, the presence of a TTF operation could hinder the project or prevent it from being completed altogether. While the airport sponsor could build a fence solely on airport property, the airport sponsor may want to include perimeter fencing around the TTF property as there will be a TTF access point to the airport. However, the airport sponsor may not have the right to construct a perimeter fence around or across private property (i.e., TTF property). It is significant to note that Assurance 29 (Airport Layout Plan) requires that airport sponsors keep the ALP current and that “all proposed and existing access points used to taxi aircraft across the airport’s property boundary” be depicted on the ALP. If an airport sponsor is unable or unwilling to keep the ALP current, this could result in a finding of non-compliance by the FAA. In such a case, the assessment process should be stopped and this should initiate the identification and assessment of alternative approaches to TTF operations that would allow the airport sponsor to maintain compliance with Assurance 29 (Airport Layout Plans). 5.6 AIRPORT SPONSOR REGULATORY MEASURES As discussed in Chapter 4: Airport Planning, Management, and Compliance Tools, an airport sponsor has the ability to regulate the planning, development, operation, management, and use of the airport. The power to regulate is derived from two primary sources: (1) as a regulatory body, which has been delegated powers (and responsibilities) through state enabling legislation, an airport sponsor can adopt ordinances, zoning codes, and building codes (discussed further in this section) and (2) as a land owner, the airport sponsor has the ability to adopt land-use plans and a wide variety of airport planning, management, and compliance documents (discussed in Section 5.7).

73ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations As such, the assessment team should assess whether a TTF operation will be compliant with the existing airport sponsor regulatory measures including ordinances, zoning codes, and building codes. It is important that this assessment include the regulatory measures of counties and municipalities having jurisdiction over the airport and land located adjacent to the airport. Additionally, as part of this assessment, a determination should be made regarding the applicability of regulatory measures to TTF operations. If regulatory measures do not address TTF operations, the airport sponsor should consider developing new or amending existing ordinances, zoning codes, and building codes to specifically address the permitting, restricting, or prohibiting of TTF operations (as discussed in Chapter 6: Structuring TTF Operations and Chapter 7: Managing TTF Operations). ORDINANCES Ordinances are designed to protect the public’s health, safety, and general welfare. With regard to ordinances, the assessment should determine if the TTF operation is (or would be) compliant with all applicable ordinances , not just the ordinances that are specific to TTF operations (if any). Assistance can be obtained from the code enforcement arm of the airport sponsor or the county or municipality, as the case may be. Most importantly, a determination needs to be made regarding compliance if an airport sponsor (or county or municipality) has adopted an ordinance that specifically addresses TTF oper ations. ZONING CODES Zoning codes identify the permitted, restricted, and prohibited uses of land within a community (e.g., residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, infrastructure, agricultural, open space, etc.). In addition to addressing the use of the land, zoning codes typically describe the permitted, restricted, and prohibited attributes of facilities (from a structural and architectural perspective) and discuss other features such as height, vehicle parking, and signage. As part of the assessment process, compliance with all applicable zoning codes should be evaluated. Incompatible land use can threaten the safety, utility, and efficiency of an airport and the health, safety, and general welfare of the public. As part of the assessment process, a determination needs to be made as to whether or not the TTF operation is compatible with adjacent land uses. For example, the land located adjacent to an airport may be planned (and zoned) for uses considered compatible with airport activities (i.e., with consideration given to the noise, odors, fumes, dirt, dust, and glare that may be generated by airport activities), but the use of such land for aeronautical purposes may not be compatible with the plans (or zoning) for nearby land. If TTF operations are permitted on the land located adjacent to an airport, non-compatibility issues may impact other land areas and/or activities. This can be especially important if a TTF operation is located adjacent to a residential area or other public area. BUILDING CODES Building codes stipulate the minimum acceptable levels of safety for the design and construction of infrastructure and buildings in order to protect the public health, safety, and general welfare during construction, use, and occupancy. In the event that applicable building codes do not address the unique attributes of aviation related infrastructure, improvements, and facilities that may be associated with the TTF operations, a determination should be made regarding the building standards that should be met.

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations74 5.7 PRIMARY MANAGEMENT AND COMPLIANCE DOCUMENTS As discussed in Chapter 4: Airport Planning, Management, and Compliance Tools, airport sponsor ordinances, policies, standards, rules, and regulations (i.e., primary management and compliance documents) play a key role when it comes to the development, operation, and management of an airport. As conveyed in the final FAA Policy Regarding Access to Airports From Residential Property and other FAA guidance, airport sponsors shall impose and enforce ordinances, policies, standards, rules, and regulations on TTF entities, similar to those imposed and enforced on on-airport operators, tenants, and users. Regardless of the type of TTF activity, the assessment team should determine if the TTF operation will be compliant with relevant primary management and compliance documents (e.g., leasing/rents and fees policy, minimum standards, rules and regulations, development standards, etc.). Additionally, if the airport’s existing primary management and compliance documents do not specifically (or adequately) address TTF operations, the airport sponsor should consider developing new or updating existing policies, standards, rules, and regulations to properly address TTF operations (as discussed in Chapter 6: Structuring TTF Operations and Chapter 7: Managing TTF Operations). Further, it is important to note that proposed TTF operations that are not consistent with the airport’s existing primary management and compliance documents should not necessarily trigger an automatic denial by airport management and policymakers. A complete assessment of the opportunities and issues associated with the TTF operations should be conducted and if necessary, primary management and compliance documents could be modified based on the findings of the assessment. LEASING/RENTS AND FEES POLICY A leasing/rents and fees policy sets forth the parameters for leasing on-airport land and improvements, developing agreements, and establishing and adjusting on-airport rents and fees. With few exceptions, on- airport land and/or infrastructure will need to be utilized to facilitate TTF access. As such, the assessment should determine if the leasing of airport land and/or infrastructure (if needed to facilitate TTF access) will be compliant with the airport’s leasing/rents and fees policy. Further, the assessment should determine if the policy specifically (and adequately) addresses the unique attributes of TTF operations, the associated TTF agreement, and the methodology for establishing and adjusting the rents and fees associated with TTF access and related TTF activities (as discussed in Chapter 6: Structuring TTF Operations). MINIMUM STANDARDS aeronautical TTF activities as if the activity were occurring on-airport. This requires that the TTF activity be conducted in full compliance with the airport’s minimum standards including, but not limited to, scope of activity, land, improvements, facilities, equipment, licenses and certifications, employees, and hours of activity. A TTF entity does not lease land to engage in a commercial aeronautical TTF activity. As such, minimum standards for TTF activities should identify the amount of land associated with the TTF property that would be required to engage in a particular activity versus the amount of land that would need to be leased. All other minimum standards should still apply. Minimum standards establish the qualifications and minimum requirements that must be met as a condition for the right to conduct a commercial aeronautical activity. One of the easiest methods toensure compliance with Assurance 22 (Economic Nondiscrimination) is to treat any commercial

75ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations RULES AND REGULATIONS Rules and regulations apply to anyone who uses the airport at any time for any purpose and are typically established to protect the public health, safety, and general welfare on the airport and ensure the safety, utility, and efficiency of the airport for the benefit of the public. As such, the assessment should determine if the TTF activities and the related use of the airport by aircraft, vehicles, and pedestrians will be compliant with the airport’s rules and regulations. Further, the assessment should determine if the airport’s rules and regulations specifically (and adequately) address TTF operations, the associated TTF activities, and TTF access (as discussed in Chapter 7: Managing TTF Operations). DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS Development standards convey the design and construction standards and procedures governing the development of aeronautical or non-aeronautical land, infrastructure, and improvements. While existing or proposed land, infrastructure, and improvements associated with TTF property are not located on-airport, the airport sponsor could, in the future, acquire the TTF property. Therefore, the assessment should determine if the TTF operation will be compliant with the airport’s development standards. This is consistent with the approach of managing TTF operations as if the TTF activities were occurring on-airport. However, it is important to note that most development standards will not, and should not, address residential structures or other non-aviation improvements that would not normally be constructed on an airport. Further, the assessment should determine if the airport’s development standards specifically (and adequately) addresses the unique attributes of TTF operations including the development of TTF access points and the associated infrastructure and improvements (as discussed in Chapter 7: Managing TTF Operations). 5.8 LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND IMPROVEMENTS Airport land, infrastructure, and improvements are commonly divided into four primary areas, as follows: Airside runways, taxiways, taxilanes, aprons, roadways, lighting, utilities, navigational equipment, imaginary obstruction identification surfaces, airport design surfaces, etc. Landside public roadways, public vehicle parking, lighting, utilities, etc. Aviation real estate land and improvements leased or available for lease for the development of improvements for commercial and non-commercial aeronautical activities and land containing airport sponsor owned improvements leased or available for lease for commercial and non-commercial aeronautical activities Non-aviation real estate land • • • • and improvements leased or available for lease for the development of improvements for commercial and non-commercial non-aeronautical activities and land containing airport sponsor owned improvements leased or available for lease for commercial and non-commercial non- aeronautical activities By assessing the type and extent of the impact TTF operations will have in each of these four primary areas, airport management and policymakers will be better positioned to take advantage of positive impacts and/or manage or, if possible, eliminate negative impacts.

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations76 When assessing the type and extent of the impact TTF operations will have on airport land, infrastructure, and improvements, each of the elements and attributes associated with TTF operations (as identified in Worksheet 5-1: TTF Operation Profile) should be assessed against each of the elements and attributes associated with each the four primary areas of airport land, infrastructure, and improvements (as identified in Worksheet 5-2: Airport Profile and discussed in the section that follows). The availability and feasibility of utilizing on-airport land, infrastructure, and improvements to accommodate existing or proposed TTF operations should be assessed. Additionally, the TTF operation should be assessed against the airport master plan and ALP to identify any potential impacts on future capital projects (i.e., any changes planned for airport land, infrastructure, and/or improvements). AIRSIDE LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND IMPROVEMENTS The introduction of aircraft (and if necessary, vehicles and pedestrians) to the airport’s airside infrastructure from TTF property has the potential to create safety, utility, and efficiency risks and possible liability exposure for the airport sponsor. The nature and extent of the exposure will depend on such factors as the state’s sovereign immunity statutes and the actions or inactions of the airport sponsor relating to assessing and managing the safety, utility, and efficiency risks associated with TTF operations. TTF access points and associated on-airport infrastructure must provide safe and secure access to existing and future airside land, infrastructure, and improvements and not adversely impact the safety, utility or efficiency of the airport. Impacts could be related to safety, security, access controls, signage, lighting, and maintenance. In accordance with FAA guidance, TTF access must not be provided directly to a runway and shall only be provided to an on-airport apron, taxilane, or taxiway. Additionally, the maximum gross takeoff weight and wing span of the aircraft utilizing TTF access points must be compatible with the weight bearing capacity of the applicable on-airport apron, taxilane, or taxiway and ultimately, with the runway. NAVIGATIONAL AIDS Airside improvements include on-airport navigational aids such as instrument landing systems (or ILS), localizers, glide slopes, marker beacons, nondirectional radio beacons (or NDB), VHF omni-directional ranges (or VOR), distance measuring equipment (or DME), etc. These navigational aids can be adversely impacted by improperly placed improvements or unanticipated activities on airport and adjacent property (including TTF property). Several airport managers with TTF operations that were interviewed as part of the research for this guidebook indicated that improvements on TTF property that had not been reviewed or approved (in advance of development) had caused or were causing interference issues with navigational aids. Consistent with the requirements of Part 77, airport management and policymakers must require that all existing and proposed TTF entities complete and submit (online) FAA Form 7460-1 to ensure that any improvements and/or activities on TTF property will not interfere with navigational aids or the associated airspace. It is significant to note that if an obstruction is constructed without submission of an FAA Form 7460-1, the FAA will not provide any AIP funds to correct the obstruction and most likely, will raise the airport’s approach minimums to address or mitigate the interference.

77ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations IMAGINARY SURFACES AND AIRPORT DESIGN SURFACES Imaginary surfaces (e.g., primary, horizontal, conical, transitional, approach, etc.) and airport design surfaces (e.g., runway safety area, precision obstacle free zone, obstacle free zone, runway object free area, runway protection zone, etc.) associated with the airport’s runways and taxiways need to be considered. These surfaces are discussed in: Part 77 – which establishes standards and notification requirements for objects affecting navigable airspace and associated imaginary obstruction identification surfaces AC 150/5300-13A – which establishes standards and provides recommendations for the geometric layout and engineering design of runways, taxiways, aprons, and other facilities To protect the imaginary surfaces and airport design surfaces, all TTF structures should be located outside the runway safety area, precision obstacle free zone, obstacle free zone, runway object free area, and runway protection zone. As previously discussed, submission of FAA Form 7460-1 provides the opportunity for the FAA to identify any potential hazards that would need to be addressed by a TTF entity (or the airport sponsor) before development. The shapes, dimensions, and locations of each of the imaginary obstruction identification surfaces and airport design surfaces are conveyed in the airport master plan. LANDSIDE LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND IMPROVEMENTS TTF access points and associated on-airport infrastructure must not impact the safety, utility, or efficiency of existing and future on-airport landside land, infrastructure, and improvements. Impacts could be related to safety, security, access controls, signage, lighting, and maintenance. In addition to the vehicles associated with TTF properties (i.e., vehicles operated by TTF entities), the assessment team should assess the impacts associated with vehicles utilizing the TTF access points from the airside (e.g., on- airport FBOs and SASOs providing commercial aeronautical products and services to TTF entities). REAL ESTATE LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND IMPROVEMENTS TTF access points, associated infrastructure, and TTF activities must be compatible with aviation and non- aviation real estate land, infrastructure, and improvements. Impacts could result from use of the TTF access points and associated infrastructure by aircraft (and if necessary, vehicles and pedestrians) and such impacts could be related to safety, security, access controls, signage, lighting, and maintenance. Aviation and non-aviation real estate land, infrastructure, and improvements are primarily associated with the leasing of airport land and improvements and/or the development of lessee improvements. Any impact on the leasing and/or development of existing or future aviation or non-aviation real estate land, infrastructure, and improvements should be assessed. For instance, if TTF access points and associated infrastructure require the use of on-airport land that could be developed in the future and generate revenues for the airport and jobs and taxes for the community, the impact of allowing land to be used for TTF operations should be evaluated against the benefits (to the airport and the community) of developing such land in the future. Additionally, the availability and feasibility of utilizing on-airport land and improvements to accommodate existing or proposed TTF operations should be explored. Further, any impacts on people who may be occupying and/or using aviation or non-aviation real estate land, infrastructure, and/or improvements (e.g., noise, vibrations, odors, fumes, dirt, dust, and glare) should be assessed.

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations78 In Figure 5-5 and Figure 5-6, which are based on a graphic from ACRP Report 77: Guidebook for Developing General Aviation Airport Business Plan, some examples of the types of improvements commonly developed on aviation and non-aviation real estate land are provided. FIGURE 5-5: Aviation Real Estate Improvements FIGURE 5-6: Non-Aviation Real Estate Improvements 5.9 ACTIVITIES In addition to assessing the impact a TTF operation may have on existing aviation and non-aviation real estate, land, infrastructure, and improvements, it is important to assess the impact a TTF operation may have on existing and future activities on the airport. Airport activities are commonly divided into three primary areas: commercial aeronautical activities, non-commercial aeronautical activities, and non-aeronautical activities. Each of these activities is defined in Chapter 1: Introduction. By assessing the impact on each of these areas, airport management and policymakers will be better positioned to take advantage of positive impacts and/or manage or, if possible, eliminate negative impacts. When assessing the impact a TTF operation can have on existing and future activities on the airport, each of the elements and attributes associated with the TTF operation (as identified in Worksheet 5-1: TTF Operation Profile) should be evaluated against each of the elements and attributes associated with each of the three primary activity areas (as identified in Worksheet 5-2: Airport Profile and discussed in more detail in this section).

79ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations COMMERCIAL AERONAUTICAL ACTIVITIES impact a TTF operation may have on on-airport FBOs and SASOs should be ascertained. For instance, if a TTF entity engages in commercial aeronautical activities that are not being provided by current on-airport FBOs and/or SASOs, negative impacts will most likely be negligible. Conversely, if the additional capacity associated with the commercial aeronautical TTF activity exceeds the level of demand in the market, the impact will most likely be significant. Depending on the proximity of the TTF operation, impacts relating to safety, security, noise, odors, fumes, dirt, dust, and glare should be considered as well. NON-COMMERCIAL AERONAUTICAL ACTIVITIES For instance, if a hangar tenant of an existing FBO and/or SASO develops a hangar facility on TTF property, the result could be a loss of revenue to on-airport operators. Additionally, depending on the proximity of the TTF operation, impacts relating to safety, security, noise, odors, fumes, dirt, dust, and glare should be considered. NON-AERONAUTICAL ACTIVITIES operation, impacts relating to safety, security, noise, odors, fumes, dirt, dust, and glare need to be considered as well. 5.10 INTERESTED PARTIES FAA As discussed in Chapter 1: Introduction, the FAA’s primary interest (as it relates to TTF operations) is ensuring that the airport sponsor complies with its federal obligations (and ultimately plans, develops, operates, and manages the airport to ensure the safety, utility, and efficiency of the airport for the benefit of the public). Therefore, consultation with the FAA on TTF operations is highly recommended to ensure that the FAA does not have any objections to the intentions of the airport sponsor and that the actions or inactions of the airport sponsor relating to TTF operations will not result in a finding of non-compliance. It is important to note that Section 136 limits the FAA’s review of residential TTF activities at general aviation airports to compliance with the statute and related obligations. However, the FAA will review, upon request by the airport sponsor, any TTF agreement for non-residential TTF activities at any type of federally obligated airport. STATE AVIATION ORGANIZATION As discussed in Chapter 1: Introduction, an SAO’s primary interest in TTF operations is ensuring that the airport sponsor complies with its state obligations. Therefore, consultation with the SAO on TTF operations is highly recommended to ensure that the SAO does not have any objection to the intentions of the airport sponsor and that the actions or inactions of the airport sponsor relating to TTF operations will not result in a finding of non- compliance. The assessment of a commercial aeronautical TTF activity should include a demand/capacity analysis to determine if the level of demand in the market can support additional capacity (i.e., new or expanded aviation products, services, and/or facilities provided by a TTF entity). As part of the assessment, the The impact of non-commercial aeronautical TTF activities on non-commercial aeronautical airport entities will most likely be nominal. However, depending on the situation and/or circumstances, on- airport FBOs and/or SASOs could be adversely impacted by non-commercial aeronautical TTF activities. The impact of non-aeronautical TTF activities on non-aeronautical airport entities will most likely be nominal. However, depending on the situation and/or circumstances, on-airport FBOs and/or SASOs could be adversely impacted by non-aeronautical TTF activities. Depending on the proximity of the TTF

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations80 AIRPORT SPONSOR In addition to the wide variety of impacts TTF operations can have on airport activities, an airport sponsor’s administrative, operational, and managerial personnel, programs, and plans can be impacted by TTF operations as well. By assessing the type and extent of impact a TTF operation can have on the airport sponsor, airport management and policymakers will be better positioned to take advantage of positive impacts and/or manage or, if possible, eliminate negative impacts. AIRPORT OPERATORS, TENANTS, AND USERS The potential impacts of a TTF operation on airport operators, tenants, and users—which are discussed throughout this chapter—need to be carefully considered, meticulously assessed, and thoughtfully evaluated as decisions relating to TTF operations can have short- and long-term consequences. ADJACENT PROPERTY OWNERS In addition to identifying potential impacts from a TTF operation on adjacent property owners (e.g., noise, vibrations, odors, fumes, dirt, dust, glare, etc.), airport management and policymakers need to find ways to mitigate the impacts. An avigation easement is a valuable tool that can be utilized by airport sponsors to mitigate liability claims from adjacent property owners. However, it is important to note that an avigation easement will not mitigate complaints. Among other stipulations, an avigation easement permits aircraft to cause noise, vibrations, fumes, communication, and any other effects associated with the normal operation of aircraft taking off, landing, or operating in the vicinity of the airport. Additionally, under an avigation easement, the property owner may agree not to make any modification to existing structures or construct, erect, or allow any structure or trees on the surface of the property without approval of the airport sponsor. COMMUNITY The primary impact of a TTF operation on a community is typically economic related, which includes the payment of property taxes relating to land, infrastructure, improvements, and personal property and a wide variety of other direct and indirect economic impacts. In addition to property tax revenues and jobs, depending on the type of TTF activities, a community could realize additional direct and indirect economic benefits that should be included in the assessment process. This could include the purchase of goods and services by TTF entities and visitors to the TTF operation. As part of the research for this guidebook, one of the airport managers interviewed stated that 75% of the city’s property taxes came from the airport’s TTF operations. Property taxes were generated by large, custom homes with aircraft hangars (3,000 to 6,000 square feet). In this particular case, the airpark was considered one of the best neighborhoods in the city and many people moved to the airpark despite not owning or operating an aircraft. deposits of dust, fuel particles (incidental to the normal operation of aircraft), interference with sleep or Additionally, communities can benefit by the jobs that may be created on and off the airport and directly and indirectly by a TTF operation. To determine the economic impact of retaining existing and/or creating new jobs, it is necessary to gain a full understanding of the type of jobs, the number of jobs, and the average compensation.

81ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations 5.11 WRAP-UP This chapter described a best practice approach for assessing TTF operations at a federally obligated airport including evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of TTF operations and ascertaining the positive and negative impacts associated with TTF operations. Four tools were discussed to help assess TTF operations including: Figure 5-1: Assessment Process Guide Worksheet 5-1: TTF Operation Profile Worksheet 5-2: Airport Profile Worksheet 5-3: TTF Operation Assessment The assessment process, which was outlined and discussed in this chapter, included an analysis of each of the following areas: Alternative Assessments Airport Sponsor Obligations Primary Planning Documents Airport Sponsor Regulatory Measures Primary Management and Compliance Documents Land, Infrastructure, and Improvements TTF Activities Interested Parties

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations82 5.12 WORKSHEETS Type of TTF Operation: Type of TTF Entity: Attributes of TTF property (existing and/or proposed) Improvements on TTF property (existing and/or proposed) Ordinance restrictions Zoning restrictions WORKSHEET 5-1: TTF OPERATION PROFILE Availability of utilities Airside infrastructure access Type of construction of each improvement Proximity to airport infrastructure (apron, taxiways, runways) Safety, utility, and efficiency impacts Landside infrastructure access Building restrictions Airport Name: TTF Entity Name: Type of TTF Activity: Residential Commercial Aeronautical Non-Commercial Aeronautical Non-Aeronautical Governmental/Military TTF PROPERTY Existing Proposed Future Private Property Owner Public Property Owner Lessee Sublessee Home Owners Association Location (in relationship to the airport) Size (acreage, square feet, and linear feet of airport frontage) Known environmental issues Type of improvements (hangar, office, shop, apron, vehicle parking, storage, residence, etc.) Age and condition of each improvement Square footage of each improvement Height of each improvement Hangar(s) door height and width Type of fencing and gates (or other access controls) Type of landscaping

83ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations Infrastructure on TTF property (existing and/or proposed) Aircraft Vehicles Number, type (make and model), size (length, height, and width), engine/fuel, gross weight, etc. Use frequency (daily, weekly, monthly, etc.) Purpose for access Use frequency (daily, weekly, monthly, etc.) TTF ACTIVITIES TTF ACCESS Taxilanes/taxiways (weight bearing capacity, type of pavement, condition, etc.) Roadways (weight bearing capacity, type of pavement, condition, etc.) All activities (noise, vibrations, odors, fumes, dirt, dust, glare, etc.) FAA Form 7460-1 (Notice of Proposed Construction or Alteration) Proximity to airport equipment (navigational aids, weather, vaults, lighting, etc.) Location of improvements Air traffic control tower line of sight Process for providing TTF access to transient aircraft (if applicable) Walkways and other (type of pavement, condition, etc.) Purpose for access Safety, utility, and efficiency impacts Number, type (make and model), size (length, height, wingspan), engine/fuel type, MTOW, etc. Non-commercial aeronautical activities (existing and/or proposed) Non-aeronautical activities (existing and/or proposed) Governmental/military (existing and/or proposed) WORKSHEET 5-1: TTF OPERATION PROFILE (continued) Apron (weight bearing capacity, type of pavement, condition, etc.) Residential - type of residences and hangars (see descriptions in Chapter 1 ) Commercial aeronautical activities (existing and/or proposed products, services, facilities, etc.) Safety, utility, and efficiency impacts

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations84 Pedestrians TTF Access Points Social impact Type of access point(s) - between TTF property and on-airport property Security mechanisms for pedestrian and vehicle access (card scanner, pin number, lock and key, badging, etc.) Proposed tax impacts (property, personal, other, etc.) ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS Proposed jobs (number, type, average compensation, etc.) Proposed economic impact (direct, indirect, multiplier effect, etc.) Use frequency (daily, weekly, monthly, etc.) Purpose for access Location of access point(s) - between TTF property and on- airport property WORKSHEET 5-1: TTF OPERATION PROFILE (continued)

85ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations Available Land Available Improvements Airside infrastructure access Security mechanisms for pedestrian and vehicle access (card scanner, pin number, lock and key, badging, etc.) WORKSHEET 5-2: AIRPORT PROFILE Infrastructure adjacent to TTF property AIRPORT SECURITY Hangar(s) door height and width Type of physical perimeter surrounding airport (fencing and gates) Airport Name: AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE (RUNWAYS, TAXIWAYS, APRONS) Dimensions Weight bearing capacities Type of pavements Location of improvements Conditions Square footage of each improvement Type of construction of each improvement Age and condition of each improvement AIRPORT LAND AND IMPROVEMENTS Availability of utilities Location Size (acreage, square feet) Apron (weight bearing capacity, type of pavement, condition, etc.) Landside infrastructure access Type of improvements (hangar, office, shop, apron, vehicle parking, storage, etc.)

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations86 Airport Master Plan and ALP Title and date Airport Strategic Business Plan Mission PRIMARY PLANNING DOCUMENTS Aviation forecasts AIRPORT SPONSOR REGULATORY MEASURES PRIMARY MANAGEMENT AND COMPLIANCE DOCUMENTS Leasing/Rents and Fees Policy (reference and date) Zoning codes (reference and date) Building codes (reference and date) Airport Layout Plan (date) Ordinances (reference and date) Non-operating budget impacts (positive, negative) Performance measure impacts (positive, negative) Development Standards (reference and date) Minimum Standards (reference and date) Rules and Regulations (reference and date) 14 CFR Part 77 restrictions Airport Master Plan (date) Vision Goals and objectives Operating budget impacts (positive, negative) AIRPORT ACTIVITIES Type of commercial aeronautical products, services, and facilities provided on-airport WORKSHEET 5-2: AIRPORT PROFILE (continued) Land use plan (reference and date) Type of non-commercial aeronautical activities on-airport Type of non-aeronautical activities on-airport Type of governmental/military activities on-airport

87ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations Type of TTF Operations: See Section 5.3 Can existing on-airport land, infrastructure, and/or improvements accommodate the TTF operations? NO MAYBE YES N/A NO MAYBE YES N/A NO MAYBE YES N/A Does the airport sponsor have the funding available (or can the funding be secured) to purchase the TTF property? NO MAYBE YES N/A FEDERAL OBLIGATIONS See Section 2.2, Section 2.3, Section 2.4, Section 5.4, and Appendix A POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A WORKSHEET 5-3: TTF OPERATION ASSESSMENT Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Is the entity willing to lease existing on-airport land and/or improvements that can accommodate the TTF operations? Is the entity willing to donate or sell the TTF property to the airport sponsor (can the fence be moved to accommodate the TTF operations)? Assurance 23 (Exclusive Rights) - What impacts will the TTF operations have on the airport sponsor's ability to not grant an exclusive right to the TTF entity or on-airport FBOs, SASOs, tenants, and/or users? Assurance 5 (Preserving Rights and Powers) - What impacts will the TTF operations have on the airport sponsor's ability to preserve its rights and powers? Assurance 19 (Operation and Maintenance) - What impacts will the TTF operations have on the airport sponsor's ability to plan, develop, operate, and manage the airport while ensuring the safety, utility, and efficiency of the airport? Assurance 20 (Hazard Removal and Mitigation) - What impacts will the TTF operations have on the airport sponsor's ability to protect the airport's protected and imaginary surfaces? Assurance 21 (Compatible Land Use) - What impacts will the TTF operations have on the airport sponsor's ability to assure compatiable land uses adjacent to the airport? Assurance 22 (Economic Discrimination) - What impacts will the TTF operations have on the airport sponsor's ability to not unjustly discriminate (economically) against on-airport FBOs, SASOs, tenants, and/or users? Comments: Airport Name: TTF Entity Name: ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT Type of TTF Activity: Comments: Comments: Residential Commercial Aeronautical Non-Commercial Aeronautical Non-Aeronautical Governmental/Military Existing Proposed Future AIRPORT SPONSOR OBLIGATIONS

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations88 POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A STATE OBLIGATIONS See Section 2.5 and Section 5.4 POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A AIRPORT STRATEGIC BUSINESS PLAN See Section 4.2, Section 5.5, Section 7.3, and Worksheet 5-2 What influence will the TTF operations have on fulfillment of the airport’s mission statement? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What influence will the TTF operations have on the realization of the airport’s vision statement? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What influence will the TTF operations have on the realization of the airport’s goals and objectives? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport’s operating budget? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport’s non-operating budget? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport’s financial budget? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport’s performance measures? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A AIRPORT MASTER PLAN/LAYOUT PLAN See Section 4.2, Section 5.5, Section 7.3 and Worksheet 5-2 What impact will the TTF operations have on the implementation of the airport master plan? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A Are TTF operations consistent with the current airport layout plan? YES MAYBE NO N/A Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Assurance 24 (Fee and Rental Structure) - What impacts will the TTF operations have on the airport sponsor's ability to meet the goal of being as financially self-sustaining as possible given the circumstances that exist at the airport? Assurance 29 (Airport Layout Plan) - What impacts will the TTF operations have on the airport sponsor's ability to keep current the airport's ALP, including the identification of TTF access points? What impacts will the TTF operations have on the airport sponsor's ability to maintain compliance with the other applicable federal obligations? What impacts will the TTF operations have on the airport sponsor's ability to maintain compliance with state obligations? Comments: Comments: PRIMARY PLANNING DOCUMENTS WORKSHEET 5-3: TTF OPERATION ASSESSMENT (continued)

89ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations ORDINANCES See Section 4.3, Section 5.6, Section 7.2, and Worksheet 5-2 Will the TTF operations be compliant with the airport sponsor (or municipality) ordinances? YES MAYBE NO N/A Do the airport sponsor (or municipality) ordinances address TTF operations? YES MAYBE NO N/A ZONING CODES See Section 4.3, Section 5.6, Section 7.2, and Worksheet 5-2 Will the TTF operations be compliant with the airport sponsor (or municipality) zoning codes? YES MAYBE NO N/A Do the airport sponsor (or municipality) zoning codes address TTF operations? YES MAYBE NO N/A BUILDING CODES See Section 4.3, Section 5.6, Section 7.2, and Worksheet 5-2 Will the TTF operations be compliant with the airport sponsor (or municipality) building codes? YES MAYBE NO N/A Do the airport sponsor (or municipality) building codes address TTF operations? YES MAYBE NO N/A LEASING/RENTS AND FEES POLICY See Section 4.4, Section 5.7, Section 7.4, and Worksheet 5-2 Will the TTF operations be compliant with the airport’s leasing/rents and fees policy? YES MAYBE NO N/A Do the airport’s leasing/rents and fees policy address TTF operations? YES MAYBE NO N/A MINIMUM STANDARDS See Section 4.4, Section 5.7, Section 7.4, and Worksheet 5-2 Will the TTF operations be compliant with the airport’s minimum standards? YES MAYBE NO N/A Do the airport’s Minimum Standards address TTF operations? YES MAYBE NO N/A RULES AND REGULATIONS See Section 4.4, Section 5.7, Section 7.4, and Worksheet 5-2 Will the TTF operations be compliant with the airport’s rules and regulations? YES MAYBE NO N/A Do the airport’s rules and regulations address TTF operations? YES MAYBE NO N/A Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: AIRPORT SPONSOR REGULATORY MEASURES PRIMARY MANAGEMENT AND COMPLIANCE DOCUMENTS Comments: WORKSHEET 5-3: TTF OPERATION ASSESSMENT (continued) Comments:

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations90 DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS See Section 4.4, Section 5.7, Section 7.4, and Worksheet 5-2 Will the TTF operations be compliant with the airport’s development standards? YES MAYBE NO N/A Do the airport’s development standards address TTF operations? YES MAYBE NO N/A AIRSIDE LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND IMPROVEMENTS See Section 5.8, Section 7.5, and Worksheet 5-1 What type of impact will the TTF operations have on existing airside land, infrastructure, and improvements? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What type of impact will the TTF operations have on future airside land, infrastructure, and improvements? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on navigational aids? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on imaginary surfaces? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on airport design surfaces? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A LANDSIDE LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND IMPROVEMENTS See Section 5.8, Section 7.5, and Worksheet 5-1 What type of impact will the TTF operations have on existing landside land, infrastructure, and improvements? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What type of impact will the TTF operations have on future landside land, infrastructure, and improvements? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A AVIATION REAL ESTATE LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND IMPROVEMENTS See Section 5.8, Section 7.5, and Worksheet 5-1 What type of impact will the TTF operations have on existing aviation real estate land, infrastructure, and improvements? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What type of impact will the TTF operations have on future aviation real estate land, infrastructure, and improvements? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A NON-AVIATION REAL ESTATE LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND IMPROVEMENTS See Section 5.8, Section 7.5, and Worksheet 5-1 What type of impact will the TTF operations have on existing non-aviation real estate land, infrastructure, and improvements? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What type of impact will the TTF operations have on future non-aviation real estate land, infrastructure, and improvements? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND IMPROVEMENTS Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: WORKSHEET 5-3: TTF OPERATION ASSESSMENT (continued)

91ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations COMMERCIAL AERONAUTICAL ACTIVITIES See Section 5.9, Section 7.5, Worksheet 5-1, and Worksheet 5-2 What type of impact will the TTF operations have on existing commercial aeronautical activities? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What type of impact will the TTF operations have on future commercial aeronautical activities? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A NON-COMMERCIAL AERONAUTICAL ACTIVITIES See Section 5.9, Section 7.5, Worksheet 5-1, and Worksheet 5-2 What type of impact will the TTF operations have on existing non-commercial aeronautical activities? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What type of impact will the TTF operations have on future non-commercial aeronautical activities? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A NON-AERONAUTICAL ACTIVITIES See Section 5.9, Section 7.5, Worksheet 5-1, and Worksheet 5-2 What type of impact will the TTF operations have on existing non-aeronautical activities? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What type of impact will the TTF operations have on future non-aeronautical activities? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A GOVERNMENTAL/MILITARY ACTIVITIES See Section 5.9, Section 7.5, Worksheet 5-1, and Worksheet 5-2 What type of impact will the TTF operations have on existing governmental/military activities? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What type of impact will the TTF operations have on future governmental/military activities? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A FAA Section 1.5 and Section 5.10 Has the FAA objected to TTF operations at the airport? NO MAYBE YES N/A STATE AVIATION ORGANIZATION Section 1.5 and Section 5.10 Has the state aviation organization objected to TTF operations at the airport? NO MAYBE YES N/A Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: WORKSHEET 5-3: TTF OPERATION ASSESSMENT (continued) ACTIVITIES INTERESTED PARTIES Comments: Comments:

ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations92 AIRPORT SPONSOR Section 1.5, Section 5.10, and Worksheet 5-1 What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport sponsor’s administrative personnel? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport sponsor’s operational personnel? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport certification manual? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport security plan? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport safety management system (SMS)? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport sustainability management plan? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport wildlife management plan? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport emergency preparedness/response plan? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport irregular operations plan? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport business and operational continuity plan? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport environmental management plan? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport noise abatement plan? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport stormwater management plan? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport pavement maintenance/repair program? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport snow removal or mowing program? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: WORKSHEET 5-3: TTF OPERATION ASSESSMENT (continued)

93ACRP Report 114: Guidebook for Through-The-Fence Operations What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport foreign object debris (FOD) control program? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on the airport ARFF services? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A AIRPORT OPERATORS, TENANTS, AND USERS Section 5.10 and Worksheet 5-1 What impact will the TTF operations have on airport operators? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on airport tenants? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on airport users? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A ADJACENT PROPERTY OWNERS Section 5.10 and Worksheet 5-1 What impact will the TTF operations have on adjacent property owners? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A Does the airport sponsor have (or can it negotiate) avigation easements over adjacent property? YES MAYBE NO N/A COMMUNITY Section 5.10 and Worksheet 5-1 What impact will the TTF operations have on jobs in the community? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have on tax revenues for the community? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have economically (economic impact) on the community? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A What impact will the TTF operations have socially on the community? POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE N/A Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: Comments: WORKSHEET 5-3: TTF OPERATION ASSESSMENT (continued) Comments: Insert written recommendation WRITTEN RECOMMENDATION Comments: Comments: Comments: