Millennials and Mobility: Understanding the Millennial Mindset and New Opportunities for Transit Providers (2013)

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23 Lifestyle Factors & Choices that Impact Mobility

Half of participants have public transit service within 2 blocks of their home. Q12 - How far away is the nearest transit service (e.g., bus stop, park & ride, train station, etc.) from your home residence? TOTAL Boston, MA Chicago, IL San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA Portland, OR Washing- ton, DC Ages 22 to 27 Ages 28 to 34 n= 1000 167 167 167 167 167 167 500 500 2 blocks or less from home 49% 42% 54% 52% 50% 52% 43% 51% 47% 3-6 blocks from home 23% 23% 22% 23% 19% 29% 23% 24% 22% ¼ mile from home 8% 9% 6% 8% 11% 5% 6% 9% 6% ½ mile from home 6% 9% 2% 6% 5% 9% 5% 7% 5% 1 mile or more away from home 7% 9% 6% 4% 10% 3% 9% 6% 8% 2-3 miles away from home 4% 7% 4% 2% 5% 0% 8% 2% 7% 4-5 miles away from home 2% 0% 4% 3% 0% 1% 4% 1% 3% 5 or more miles away from home 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 0% 2% 24 Blue highlighting in chart above indicates a statistically significant difference between that cell and other(s) within the same row and sample group.

Those who live alone or are parents living with children are most likely to live in or near “downtown”. 25 10% 13% 14% 7% 10% 10% 35% 36% 28% 33% 35% 32% 21% 29% 21% 20% 24% 19% 20% 18% 21% 20% 19% 21% 14% 4% 16% 20% 11% 19% Living w/ spouse or partner Living w/ parents or other family Living with roomates Living alone No children Parents (of children 18 or under living in household) Right downtown Near downtown Within the city limits, but not downtown Just outside the city, but close enough for regular trips into the main part of the city Outside the city, but close enough for semi-regular trips into the main part of the city Home Neighborhood Proximity to “Downtown” (Shown among Living Situation Groups and Parental Status) S7 - Which of the following best describes the [INSERT CITY] neighborhood you live in? Check One. (n=485, 177, 127, 211, 626, 374)

Interestingly, there aren't significant differences between car owners and non-car owners when it comes to “downtown” proximity. Home Neighborhood Proximity to “Downtown” (Shown among Car Ownership status) TOTAL Currently own a car Do NOT currently own a car DIFFERENCE (in percentage points) n= 1000 600 400 - Right downtown 14% 13% 15% + 2 ppts. Near downtown 20% 18% 22% + 4 ppts. Within the city limits, but not downtown 22% 21% 24% + 3 ppts. Just outside the city, but close enough for regular trips into the main part of the city 34% 36% 31% - 5 ppts. Outside the city, but close enough for semi- regular trips into the main part of the city 10% 11% 9% - 2 ppts. 26 S7 - Which of the following best describes the [INSERT CITY] neighborhood you live in? Check One. (n varies)

Personal Car Ownership and Purchase Plans S9 - Which of the following best describes your car ownership status or plans? TOTAL Boston, MA Chicago, IL San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA Portland, OR Washing- ton, DC Ages 22 to 27 Ages 28 to 34 n= 1000 167 167 167 167 167 167 500 500 Car Owners vs. NON Car Owners Currently own a car 60% 57% 53% 64% 58% 59% 69% 55% 65% Do NOT currently own a car 40% 43% 47% 36% 42% 41% 31% 45% 35% Car Ownership Plans I currently own a car (personally) 60% 57% 53% 64% 58% 59% 69% 55% 65% I have regular access to a car someone else in my household owns 16% 18% 20% 19% 17% 14% 9% 18% 14% I don’t currently own a car, but plan to buy one within the next 1-2 years 15% 13% 19% 11% 18% 14% 14% 17% 13% I don’t currently own a car, and have no plans to buy one in the immediate future 9% 13% 8% 7% 7% 13% 8% 10% 8% 27 S10 - How many cars are owned by people in your household, including yourself? TOTAL Boston, MA Chicago, IL San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA Portland, OR Washing- ton, DC Ages 22 to 27 Ages 28 to 34 n= 1000 167 167 167 167 167 167 500 500 Mean # of Cars in household 1.55 1.35 1.52 1.62 1.69 1.71 1.41 1.62 1.48 Median # of Cars in household 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Blue highlighting in chart above indicates a statistically significant difference between that cell and other(s) within the same row and sample group.

Millennials who are parents were more likely to have bought a car, but only slightly more likely to have moved to suburbs than non-parents. 28 21% 21% 37% 25% 15% 24% Moved to the city Moved to the suburbs Bought a car Parents (of children 18 or under living in household) No children (aged 18 or under living in household) % Say this occurred within the past 1-2 years (Among % Parents and Non-Parents) DEM1 - Which of these events have happened in the last 1-2 years? Which are you planning to have happen within the next 5 years or 10+ years? Check All (n=374, 626) 22% 23% 45% 20% 29% 47% Move to the city Move to the suburbs Buy a car Parents (of children 18 or under living in household) No children (aged 18 or under living in household) % Say they anticipate this happening within the next 5 to 10+ years (Among % Parents and Non-Parents)

On an attitudinal level, Millennial parents may be more likely to feel freedom in options for how they’d like to live—with or without a car, in an urban or suburban environment. 29Q23 - How well do these statements describe your attitudes about where you live & your plans for the future? (% Top Box 'Agree strongly') 4-Point Scale, Top Box Shown (n=374, 626) 42% 36% 37% 34% 36% 24% 23% 27% Having a family doesn’t mean you have to move out of the city Having a family doesn’t mean you have to rush out and buy a car I picture myself residing long-term in a suburban setting I picture myself residing long-term in a urban setting Parents (of children 18 or under living in household) No children (aged 18 or under living in household) % Agree Strongly (Top Box) (Among % Parents and Non-Parents)

Millennial parents may be more likely to “opt-in” to car ownership—as part of a multi-modal strategy to have options for getting around. Q16 - How often do you use more than one transportation option for getting to a destination? Parents (have kids under 18 living in household) Do NOT have kids n= 374 626 % Use more than one transportation option for getting to a destination daily 43% 33% S10 - How many cars are owned by people in your household, including yourself? Parents (have kids under 18 living in household) Do NOT have kids n= 374 626 Mean # of cars owned in household 1.70 1.46 Q19 - Which of these describe how your car fits into your transportation routine? (Asked among car owners) Parents (have kids under 18 living in household) Do NOT have kids n= 253 347 I can’t get to the places I need to without a car (at least some of the time) 27% 36% 30 Blue highlighting in charts above indicates a statistically significant difference between that cell and other(s) within the same row and sample group. Millennial parents are more likely to be using multiple transportation options on a daily basis. They’re more likely to have multiple cars in their household, but interestingly, among car owners, Millennial parents were less likely to feel they have to have a car to get to the places they need to.

Overall, half have lived in the city for less than 5 years, half have been there for 5 or more. Those living in Seattle, with a spouse/partner, roommate were most likely to be “newcomers” to the cities they live in. 31 Blue highlighting in chart above indicates a statistically significant difference between that cell and other(s) within the same row and sample group. Q21 - How long have you lived in the city you’re currently in? 4-point scale TOTAL Boston, MA Chicago, IL San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA Portland, OR Washing- ton, DC Ages 22 to 27 Ages 28 to 34 Living with spouse or partner Living with par- ents or other family Living with room- mates Living alone Do NOT have kids PAR- ENTS (have kids 18 or under) n= 1000 167 167 167 167 167 167 500 500 485 177 127 211 626 374 2 years or less 19% 19% 16% 13% 25% 23% 20% 20% 19% 23% 6% 24% 20% 20% 18% 2-5 years 30% 34% 28% 29% 30% 24% 36% 31% 30% 32% 23% 33% 30% 32% 28% 5-10 years 19% 20% 16% 22% 19% 18% 16% 18% 19% 20% 12% 23% 19% 16% 23% 10+ years 32% 26% 40% 36% 26% 35% 27% 32% 32% 25% 60% 20% 30% 32% 31%

Q22 - Which of the following best describe the reasons you choose to live in this area? I live in this area because… Check All (n varies by sample group) TOTAL Boston, MA Chicago, IL San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA Portland, OR Washing- ton, DC n= 1000 167 167 167 167 167 167 It is an easy city to get around 42% 45% 41% 43% 38% 48% 38% It’s close to my work 38% 40% 34% 42% 37% 31% 43% I love the culture here 37% 37% 39% 37% 37% 44% 28% There are plenty of public transit options available 36% 38% 35% 36% 34% 39% 36% My family lives here 36% 33% 36% 42% 35% 40% 29% My friends or significant other lives here 35% 35% 33% 36% 31% 40% 33% There are lots of career opportunities 32% 30% 28% 34% 34% 24% 44% It’s a pedestrian-friendly city 31% 36% 22% 35% 28% 42% 23% I grew up here 31% 29% 29% 31% 32% 42% 21% I wanted to be in an urban location 24% 31% 32% 24% 17% 16% 23% I don’t feel “trapped” or stuck with what’s around me 22% 24% 16% 23% 19% 31% 20% I can be around like-minded people 21% 21% 21% 19% 21% 28% 19% There are smaller neighborhoods or boroughs with distinct communities & offerings 20% 21% 18% 19% 22% 23% 17% I wanted to be in an suburban location 16% 13% 15% 19% 16% 14% 19% I have children now 12% 9% 11% 10% 16% 13% 12% It was the only place I could afford 11% 10% 18% 13% 11% 6% 8% I want to have kids someday 10% 10% 12% 9% 10% 11% 7% 32Highlighting in chart above shows relative differences in cell values across these transportation options and survey response options. (Note: the colors and shading on these tables can best be viewed in a full-color version of the report) Ease of getting around, public transit availability, proximity to work, and city culture are among top reasons for current living location.

Younger Millennials are more likely to stay close to home. 33 Highlighting in chart above shows relative differences in cell values across these transportation options and survey response options. (Note: the colors and shading on these tables can best be viewed in a full-color version of the report) Q22 - Which of the following best describe the reasons you choose to live in this area? I live in this area because… Check All (n varies by sample group) Ages 22 to 27 Ages 28 to 34 n= 500 500 It is an easy city to get around 44% 40% It’s close to my work 38% 37% I love the culture here 36% 38% There are plenty of public transit options available 37% 36% My family lives here 42% 30% My friends or significant other lives here 39% 31% There are lots of career opportunities 31% 34% It’s a pedestrian-friendly city 33% 30% I grew up here 37% 25% I wanted to be in an urban location 24% 24% I don’t feel “trapped” or stuck with what’s around me 25% 20% I can be around like-minded people 23% 20% There are smaller neighborhoods or boroughs with distinct communities & offerings 20% 20% I wanted to be in an suburban location 14% 17% I have children now 9% 15% It was the only place I could afford 11% 10% I want to have kids someday 10% 9% Younger Millennials were more likely to live in an area having grown up there, having close personal ties, but interestingly also more likely to state that they don’t feel trapped or stuck with what’s around them.

Millennials living with roommates were most likely group to describe mobility- related options as reason for living where they do. 34 Highlighting in chart above shows relative differences in cell values across these transportation options and survey response options. (Note: the colors and shading on these tables can best be viewed in a full-color version of the report) Q22 - Which of the following best describe the reasons you choose to live in this area? I live in this area because… Check All (n varies by sample group) Living w/ spouse or partner Living w/ parents or other family Living with room- mates Living alone n= 485 177 127 211 It is an easy city to get around 39% 45% 51% 42% It’s close to my work 37% 30% 44% 42% I love the culture here 41% 32% 37% 32% There are plenty of public transit options available 36% 36% 38% 37% My family lives here 32% 64% 26% 29% My friends or significant other lives here 39% 37% 38% 21% There are lots of career opportunities 33% 25% 37% 33% It’s a pedestrian-friendly city 29% 26% 42% 33% I grew up here 24% 59% 24% 27% I wanted to be in an urban location 24% 21% 31% 22% I don’t feel “trapped” or stuck with what’s around me 22% 19% 27% 24% I can be around like-minded people 24% 18% 26% 16% There are smaller neighborhoods or boroughs with distinct communities & offerings 22% 16% 21% 16% I wanted to be in an suburban location 19% 12% 12% 13% I have children now 19% 7% 3% 4% It was the only place I could afford 10% 16% 8% 11% I want to have kids someday 13% 9% 5% 6% Those living with a spouse or partner were most likely to say loving the city culture and their significant other were reasons for living in their current location. Those living with family unsurprisingly described growing up, family ties and money as reasons for living where they do now. Those living with roommates were the most likely group to cite the city’s transportation- related attributes and pedestrian-friendliness as reasons for their current living location.

Those without children are more likely to live in an area because of the public transportation options available. 35Highlighting in chart above shows relative differences in cell values across these transportation options and survey response options. (Note: the colors and shading on these tables can best be viewed in a full-color version of the report) Q22 - Which of the following best describe the reasons you choose to live in this area? I live in this area because… Check All (n varies by sample group) Do NOT have kids PARENTS (have kids 18 or under) n= 626 374 It is an easy city to get around 45% 37% It’s close to my work 39% 36% I love the culture here 37% 36% There are plenty of public transit options available 40% 29% My family lives here 35% 38% My friends or significant other lives here 36% 32% There are lots of career opportunities 35% 28% It’s a pedestrian-friendly city 32% 30% I grew up here 33% 27% I wanted to be in an urban location 26% 20% I don’t feel “trapped” or stuck with what’s around me 24% 20% I can be around like-minded people 22% 21% There are smaller neighborhoods or boroughs with distinct communities & offerings 19% 21% I wanted to be in an suburban location 13% 20% I have children now 1% 30% It was the only place I could afford 10% 12% I want to have kids someday 10% 9% Those who are not parents were more likely to say that the city’s transportation- related attributes and pedestrian-friendliness, career opportunities and active choice to live in an urban as reasons for their current living location. That said, even among parents, 29% said availability of public transit options was a motivation for living in the area they do, suggesting there’s a smaller, but still sizeable group of parents with similar urban-centric/public transit priorities.

Current and Future Lifestyle/Setting Plans Q23 - How well do these statements describe your attitudes about where you live & your plans for the future? (% TOP BOX 'Agree strongly') TOTAL Boston, MA Chi- cago, IL San Fran- cisco, CA Seattle, WA Port- land, OR Washing- ton, DC Ages 22 to 27 Ages 28 to 34 Living w/ spouse or partner Living w/ parents or other family Living with room- mates Living alone Do NOT have kids PAR- ENTS (have kids 18 or under) n= 1000 167 167 167 167 167 167 500 500 485 177 127 211 626 374 I’m currently pursuing a field of employment or study that I’m interested in 39% 45% 44% 37% 33% 39% 38% 39% 40% 39% 39% 44% 38% 39% 40% Having a family doesn’t mean you have to move out of the city 38% 34% 42% 33% 41% 50% 30% 41% 36% 38% 40% 38% 39% 36% 42% I’m still trying to figure things out (e.g., what I want to do, where I’ll end up) 31% 32% 36% 28% 34% 28% 25% 32% 30% 25% 44% 33% 30% 29% 33% I picture myself residing long-term in a urban setting 29% 26% 31% 32% 31% 32% 23% 27% 32% 31% 25% 29% 30% 27% 34% I picture myself residing long-term in a suburban setting 28% 31% 33% 26% 28% 30% 23% 25% 32% 32% 26% 27% 23% 23% 37% Having a family doesn’t mean you have to rush out and buy a car 28% 28% 28% 25% 32% 32% 24% 29% 28% 28% 30% 22% 32% 24% 36% I’m already well-established in a field of work or study of interest to me 28% 27% 25% 33% 27% 29% 27% 26% 30% 33% 19% 28% 24% 24% 35% 36Highlighting in chart above shows relative differences in cell values across these transportation options and survey response options. (Note: the colors and shading on these tables can best be viewed in a full-color version of the report)

Millennial “Hot Spot” Neighborhoods vs. Non-Residents • Using a subset of zip codes considered to be “Millennial Hot Spots” across surveyed cities, 1/3 of the survey sample was defined as living in one of these Millennial “hot spot” neighborhoods. • Those living in a “hot spot” neighborhood are distinguished from those who do not in some of the following ways: – Less likely to personally own a car, drive one regularly, or frequently (weekly+) use car-sharing services – More likely to use a bus and subway a few times a week + – More likely to cite ease of getting around, wanting to live in an urban location, and feeling connected to the area as reasons for living where they do now – More likely to cite the need to save money, avoid traffic, not wanting the burden of a car, and caring about the environment as motivations behind their transportation choices/routines – More likely to have noticed rising trends of trip-planning tools being used, and finding more to like in their local area (e.g., hidden gems) as trends on the rise. 37