Improving Management of Transportation Information (2013)

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132 Common terms used by DOTs follow. Sources for the definitions are indicated where applicable. Some definitions have been modified to be more applicable to DOTs. AADT average annual daily traffic AD Active Directory ADOT&PF Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities API Application Programming Interfaces Archive A collection of records stored for preservation purposes.44 AVL automatic vehicle location AZDOT Arizona DOT BI Business intelligence BLOB Binary large object BUDS Business Unit Data Stewards Business Units Within the context of a DOT, business unit refers to the divisions, dis- tricts, and offices responsible for conducting the business functions of the agency. BYOD bring your own device CAC critical accident corridor CAD Computer-aided design CAL critical accident location Category Value A set of controlled values for populating a metadata element or attri- bute used to describe and/or manage content items. CCTV closed-circuit television CDOT Colorado DOT CFR Code of Federal Regulations CIO Chief Information Officer Classification A method of organization according to a set of pre-established Scheme principles, usually characterized by a notation system and a hier- archical structure of relationships among the entities.45 CMS Changeable message sign COE Corps of Engineers COI Community of Interest Content A set of content being managed, e.g., data, information, knowledge Collection of various types such as documents, CAD, maps, and graphics. Glossary, Terms, Abbreviations 44ANSI/AIIM/ARMA TR48-2006, Revised Framework for Integration of Electronic Document Management Systems and Elec- tronic Records Management Systems. 45Washington State DOT, 2008, Glossary for Findability and Controlled Vocabularies.

Glossary, Terms, Abbreviations 133 Content Creating, managing, and using resources such as data, information, Management and knowledge to support organizational activities. Content A facet of information, it includes data, information, and knowledge of various types, such as documents, CAD, maps and graphics. Con- tent management is the set of processes and technologies related to the collection, management and publication of information so that it can effectively be found and used to accomplish tasks. Controlled An established list of preferred terms for populating a metadata Vocabulary element or attribute used to describe and/or manage content items. Conversion Process of changing a document to another form, e.g., paper to micro- form, paper to digital image, microform to digital image, etc.46 COP Community of practice COS Capital outlay services CRM Customer Relationship Managers CVT City, Village and Town Data Management A set of processes and technologies related to collecting and manag- ing data so that it can effectively be used to accomplish tasks. Data A representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or computers.50 DAWG Data Architecture Work Group DCMI Dublin Core® Metadata Initiative DCMS Digital Collections Management System DMA Data Management Association DMWG Document Management and Workflow Work Group Document The management of documents in order to manage, control, locate, Management and retrieve information in a system.1 Document Recorded information that can be treated as a unit. The term is employed here to include narrative information plus maps, data- bases, technical drawings, audio and video objects, and other content saved as digital files.1 DOT Department of transportation DRS Document Retrieval System DTS distributed terminology system ECM Enterprise content management EDMS Electronic Document Management System Electronic Document The electronic management of documents contained in an informa- Management tion technology system, using computer equipment and software to manage, control, locate, and retrieve information in the system.1 Electronic Records The management of electronic and non-electronic records contained Management in an information technology system using computer equipment and (ERM) software according to accepted principles and practices of records management.1 ERM Electronic Records Management ERMS Electronic Records Management System ERS Electronic Recordkeeping System ETL Extract Transform and Load FAQ Frequently Asked Questions FGDC Federal Geographic Data Committee FOIA Freedom of Information Act 46ANSI/AIIM TR2-1998, Glossary of Document Technologies.

134 Improving Management of Transportation Information GASB 34 Governmental Accounting Standards Board Statement 34 GDOT Georgia DOT GEE Google Earth Enterprise GIO Geospatial Information Officer GIS Geographic Information System Glossary An alphabetical list of terms in a specific subject area—dictionaries usually have a broader scope. In the context of this project, glossary and dictionary mean the same thing. GMC GIS Management Committee GPS Global Positioning System HOT High-occupancy travel HPMS Highway Performance Monitoring System IaaS Infrastructure as a Service IAL intersection accident location ICT Illinois Center for Transportation IDOT Illinois DOT IEPD Information Exchange Package Documents Indexing A method by which terms or subject headings from a controlled vocabu- lary are selected by a human or computer to represent the concepts in or attributes of a content object. The terms may or may not occur in the content object.2 Information An overarching term used to describe the organization and control Management over the collection and management of information from one or more sources, and the processing, delivery, and sharing of that information to users.47 Information management addresses how an organization develops policies, practices, technologies, and other resources and capa- bilities to manage information as a resource. This includes the man- agement functions associated with the creation, collection, processing, transmission, dissemination, use, storage, and disposition of informa- tion, both automated and non-automated.48 A simpler version of the definition is from AIIM (The Global Community of Information Pro- fessionals): “Information management is the collection and manage- ment of information from one or more sources and the distribution of that information to one or more audiences.”49 Information The application of methods and scientific knowledge for the collection Technology (IT) of information. IT is commonly associated with the use of electronic principles and devices for the development and implementation of electronic systems.51 Information Data and documents that have been given value through analysis, interpretation, or compilation in a meaningful form.4 Integration The combination of several software applications such that data can be transferred from one application to others through a consistent interface so as to better coordinate tasks and merge information.51 47Caudle and Marchand, 1989, Managing Information Resources. 48Caudle and Marchand, 1989, Managing Information Resources. 49http://www.aiim.org/what-is-information-management. 50Turban, et al., 2008; Ward and Peppard, 2002, Strategic Planning for Information Systems. 51ISO 15489, Information and Documentation — Records Management.

Glossary, Terms, Abbreviations 135 IP Intellectual Property IR Information retrieval ISD Information Systems Division ISL Illinois State Library ISP Information Service Providers IT information technology ITAA IT Application Administrator KDOT Kansas DOT Keyword Match A search algorithm used by several mainstream search engines includ- ing Google. This method returns results based on the frequency of the search term or phrase in the document.52 KM Knowledge Management KMGOC Knowledge Management Governance Oversight Committee Knowledge Information that has been combined with experience, context, and interpretation that make it possible to understand and draw impli- cations from both data and information. Information and knowl- edge are closely related, but not the same. Knowledge consists of data and information that have been organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity.50 LaDOTD Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development LC Library of Congress LCS Lane closure system LCSH Library of Congress Subject Headings LDAP Lightweight directory access protocol LiDAR Light Detection and Ranging Lifecycle The course of developmental changes through which information or an information system passes from initial creation through mature uses to final disposition or replacement.51 LOS Level of Service LRS Linear Referencing System MDOT Mississippi DOT MDR Metadata Registries Metadata Repository “A metadata repository is a database, either physical or virtual, that contains data about data (i.e., metadata). An effective repository stores and organizes metadata, consistently and reliably describing the data available, where it is located, what it means, who collects the data, who is responsible for the data quality, and how to access the data.”52 Metadata Data describing context, content, and structure of documents and records and their management through time. Literally, data about data.1 MMA Managed Metadata Service Administrator MnDOT Minnesota DOT MOU memorandum of understanding MPO Metropolitan planning organizations MS Microsoft SharePoint MTKN Midwest Transportation Knowledge Network NCDOT North Carolina Department of Transportation

136 Improving Management of Transportation Information NDOT Nevada Department of Transportation NGO Non-governmental organization NIEM National Information Exchange Model NIST National Institutes of Standards and Technology NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NSDI National Spatial Data Infrastructure NTL National Transportation Library NYSDOT New York State DOT OAIS Open Archival Information System OCIO Office of the Chief Information Officer ODAGIS Office of Data Analysis and Geospatial Information Systems ODOT Ohio DOT OHSIP Office of Highway System Information and Performance OMB Office of Management and Budget Ontology A faceted taxonomy that uses richer semantic relationships among terms and attributes and strict specification rules. ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory OTFA Office of Travel Forecasting and Analysis PaaS Platform as a Service PC Personal computer PeMS Performance Measurement System PM Performance Management PMO Project Management Office PMRS Project Management Reporting System POS Part of speech PRC Policy and Research Center Precision A measure of a search system’s ability to retrieve only relevant content objects. It is usually expressed as a percentage calculated by dividing the number of retrieved relevant content objects by the total number of content objects retrieved. A high-precision search ensures that, for the most part, the content objects retrieved will be relevant. However, a high-precision search may not retrieve all relevant content objects. See also recall. Recall and precision tend to be inverse ratios. When one goes up, the other usually goes down. Preservation Processes and operations involved in ensuring the technical and intellectual survival of authentic records through time.51 PRKS Project Record Keeping System QA Quality Assurance QC Quality Control RDA Resource Description and Access RDF Resource Description Framework RDFS RDF Schema Recall A measure of a search system’s ability to retrieve all relevant content objects. Usually expressed as a percentage calculated by dividing the number of retrieved relevant content objects by the number of all relevant content objects in a collection. A high recall search retrieves a comprehensive set of relevant content objects from the collection. However, high recall increases the possibility that less relevant con- tent objects will also be retrieved. See also precision. Recall and pre- cision tend to be inverse ratios. When one goes up, the other usually goes down.

Glossary, Terms, Abbreviations 137 Record Information created, received, and maintained as evidence, or infor- mation created by an organization or person in pursuance of legal obligations or in the transaction of business.48 Records Management A software system that performs electronic records management Application (RMA) according to an accepted Electronic Records Management Systems (ERMS) standard.51 Records Management The planning, controlling, directing, organizing, training, promot- ing, and other managerial activities involved with creating, maintain- ing, using, and disposition of records to achieve adequate and proper documentation of organization and agency policies and transactions and the effective and economical management of the organization or agency operations.51 Repository A direct access device on which the electronic records and associated metadata are stored. Also a synonym for archive.51 RFP request for proposal RFQ Request for Quotation RMA Records Management Application ROC Records Oversight Committee ROI Return on investment RSS Really simple server RT Related Terms RWIS Roadside weather information systems SaaS Software as a Service SAN storage area network SGT SharePoint Governance Team SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System SLA Special Libraries Association SME Subject matter experts SO System Operations SOP Standard operating procedures SPMG Statewide Program Management Group STCDO Statewide Travel & Collision Data Office Synonym Ring A synonym ring is a set of words or phrases that can be used inter- changeably for searching, e.g., “Fringe parking” and “Park and ride.” Taxonomy A system for identifying and naming things, and arranging them according to a set of rules into a series of classes and sub-classes. Term One or more words designating a concept. Thesaurus An alphabetical lexicon that controls synonyms, and identifies the semantic relationships among terms. TKN Transportation Knowledge Network TMS Taxonomy management systems TransIT transportation information technology Transportation A controlled vocabulary developed for the transportation domain to Research Thesaurus index transportation-related documents. The TRT is managed by (TRT) TRB and advised by the TRB Committee on Library and Information Science in Transportation’s subcommittee for the TRT.2 TRID Transport Research International Documentation TRR Transportation Research Records TRT Transportation Research Thesaurus TSI Transportation System Information UDOT Utah Department of Transportation

138 Improving Management of Transportation Information UPC Universal Product Code URI Universal resource identifiers URL Uniform resource locators USGS United States Geological Survey VDOT Virginia DOT W3C World Wide Web Consortium WBS Work breakdown structure WCM Web content management WIM Weigh-In-Motion WisDOT Wisconsin Department of Transportation WISLR Wisconsin Information System for Local Roads WSDL Web services description language WSDOT Washington State DOT WSL Washington State Library

Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S.DOT United States Department of Transportation