Recycled Materials and Byproducts in Highway Applications—Mineral and Quarry Byproducts, Volume 4 (2013)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

7 chapter three AGENCY SURVEY RESULTS The survey questions, along with a summary of the agency responses, are shown in Table 5 and Figure 3 a, b. None of the states reported use of coal refuse byproducts. The most used mineral processing byproduct was waste rock in embankments, followed by use in hot mix asphalt (HMA). Mill tailings were more likely to be used in HMA mixtures. States using each of the three byproducts in highway applica- tions are shown in Table 6. Kentucky, Minnesota, and New York use mill tailings in two applications. Kansas, Missouri, Mississippi, and Wisconsin had a single application that used mill tailings. Idaho, Georgia, and New York used waste rock in multiple highway applications. Question: Mineral Processing and Quarry Byproducts: Is your state using, or has it ever used, these byproducts in highway applications? If you are not sure of the type of material used in your state, check the mineral or quarry byproduct, unknown type box at the end of the list. • Coal refuse: reject material from coal preparation or washing • Mill tailings: extremely fine particles rejected from grinding, screening, or processing of raw material Waste rock: waste from surface mining operations Byproducts Asphalt Cements or Emulsions Crack Sealants Drainage Materials Embank. Flowable Fill HMA Pavement Surface Treatment (non-structural) PCC Soil Stability Coal Refuse 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mill Tailings 0 0 0 3 1 5 1 0 0 Waste Rock 0 0 2 11 1 7 2 2 0 Embank. = embankment; HMA = hot mix asphalt; PCC = portland cement concrete. TABLE 5 NUMBER OF AGENCIES USING MINERAL PROCESSING BYPRODUCTS IN HIGHWAY APPLICATIONS (b) 2009 Waste Rock 2 1 1 2 1 1 CT-1 MD-1 3 4 9 2 2 2 1 1 VT-1 1 (a) 2009 Mill Tailings 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 FIGURE 3 Locations for mineral processing byproduct research: (a) mill tailings; (b) waste rock.

8 Num ber of Applications States Coal Refuse Mill Tailings Waste Rock 9 — — ND 6 — — WI 2 — KY, MN, NY IL, MN , MO , NY, VA 1 — — = not applicable. KS, MO, MS, WI AL, CT, GA, KY, MD, NM, OK, PA, VT, WA TABLE 6 STATES USING MINERAL BYPRODUCTS IN HIGHWAY APPLICATIONS IN 2009