Pollutant Load Reductions for Total Maximum Daily Loads for Highways (2013)

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49 APPENDIX A Interview Questionnaire NCHRP Topic 43-06 Interview Questionnaire April 2012 Agency: _____________________________________________________________________ Address: _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ City: State: ZIP: ________ Questionnaire Contact: _________________________________________________________ Position/Title: ________________________________________________________________ In case of questions and for NCHRP to send you a link to the final report, please provide: Tel: E-mail: ________________________ 1. Is your DOT named or expected to be named a stakeholder in a TMDL? Yes/No/Not sure 2. What organizational units are responsible for compliance on this TMDL? Yes/No 3. How many TMDLs is your DOT participating in? 1–3, 4–7, 7–10, >10 /Not sure 4. Did the DOT participate in the development of any TMDL? Yes/No/Not sure 5. If you answered Yes to number 4 above, which of the following best describes why you participated in the development of the TMDL? a. Stormwater discharges are regulated under NPDES Stormwater Permits (including discharges from Phase I or Phase II MS4 and construction activities); b. Stormwater discharges are regulated under Consent Decree Agreement; or c. Other…… 6. Has the DOT implemented a policy of participating in the development process of current or future TMDLs? Yes/No/Not sure 7. Provide a short description of the DOT’s policy for participating on local TMDLs. Please briefly describe the program evolution if participation has increased (or decreased) over time. 8. Do you have a TMDL waste load allocation or WLA for a pollutant or pollutants assigned specifically to your discharges? Yes/No/Not sure 9. Are your TMDL WLAs aggregated under a watershed-wide total WLA for a particular pollutant? Yes/No/Not sure 10. Did the DOT provide data to support the Load Allocation (LA) or WLA? Yes/No/Not sure 11. Do you estimate pollutant loads from DOT rights-of way for purposes of predicting, tracking and reporting reductions? Yes/No 12. Do you use standardized software to estimate baseline pollutant loads and reductions for TMDL compliance? Yes/No

50 13. If Yes to number 12 above, do you use a standardized computational procedure or software? a. Simple method (Spreadsheet) b. SUSTAIN (System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis Integration Model) c. SELDM (Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model) d. WinSLAMM (Source Loading and Management Model for Windows) e. WTM (Watershed Treatment Model from the Center for Watershed Protection) f. Other …… 14. If Yes to number 12 above, which of the following best describes the role of the regulatory agency in the use of this standardized procedure or software? a. Procedure/software was approved by regulatory agency b. Procedure/software was imposed by regulatory agency c. Regulatory agency did not play any role in the use of the procedure/software d. Other …… 15. Have you developed a long-term policy for TMDL participation and compliance? Yes/No 16. If you answered Yes to number 14, what are some of the strategies you are using to implement your TMDL compliance plan? a. On-site structural stormwater control program for new location projects, and/or expansion and upgrade of existing projects b. Nonstructural practices c. DOT construction of offsite regional controls through partnership with local or state programs d. Participation in the construction of offsite/regional controls by others e. Offset and/or Nutrient Credit Trading. If so, please describe the process f. Other …….. 17. Which of the above is the most effective in your view in the long run: a, b, c, d, e, or f? 18. Does your DOT have a BMP inventory program? 19. List specific strategies or BMPs that you use to target the following pollutants. a. Nitrogen ……………………………………… b. Phosphorus ………………………………… c. Zinc ………………………………………….. d. Copper ……………………………………… e. Bacteria ……………………………………

51 f. Chloride …………………………………… g. Temperature ……………………………… h. Sediments ………………………………… i. Trash…………………. j. Other ………………… 20. What types of structural BMPs have you most utilized for stormwater treatment and pollutant reduction? Answer all that apply: a. Bioretention b. Permeable pavement c. Stormwater wetlands d. Detention and extended detention basins e. Grass swales f. Media (sand) filters g. Infiltration h. Other …… 21. What types of nonstructural BMPs have you utilized for stormwater treatment and pollutant reduction? Answer all that apply: a. Sheet flow to vegetated filter strip b. Sheet flow to conservation area c. Street sweeping d. Public education e. Maintenance activities to protect or enhance water quality f. Innovative BMPs. Please list: ________ g. Other source controls…… 22. What are the costs associated with BMP implementation? What kind of costs do you track? e.g., capital, O&M, land acquisition, life-cycle. 23. Do you have or use a BMP design criteria or standard? If so please specify; e.g., state design manual, FHWA manual, etc. …………….. 24. What BMP performance measures do you use to gauge effectiveness? a. Runoff volume reduction b. Pollutant mass reduction c. Pollutant concentration reduction d. Other …..

52 25. Does your state utilize published BMP treatment efficiencies or pollutant removal rates? If so cite sources …. 26. Does your state utilize field measurements/sampling to gauge BMP effectiveness? 27. How does your DOT track maintenance needs and life-cycle costs? 28. Do you use a BMP maintenance standard? If so, please specify; e.g., state design manual, FHWA manual, etc. …………….. 29. Have you conducted any systematic observations of any BMPs located within the right-of-way to help predict the projected service life (maintenance interval)? a. Bioretention b. Permeable pavement c. Stormwater wetlands d. Detention and extended detention basins e. Grass swales f. Sand filters g. Other media filters h. Infiltration i. Other….. 30. Do you participate in or provide any funding for research on highway-specific stormwater BMP performance? Yes/No. If Yes, please list….. 31. What strategies are you using to reduce external or offsite inputs of pollutants? a. Watershed partnerships b. Periodic connection permits review c. Collaboration with adjoining property owners d. Collaboration with adjoining MS4 e. Collaboration with the auto industry f. IDDE inspections g. Other….. 32. Do you have a standard policy for initiating collaboration with other parties, such as a local government, adjacent property owners, watershed groups, etc., to address stormwater requirements? If so, then please provide the policy language. 33. Do you have formal agreements with partners to implement the strategies?

53 a. Planning b. Design c. Construction d. Maintenance e. Financing f. All of the above g. None of the above 35. What are the barriers to developing partnerships? a. Institutional b. Regulatory c. Legal d. Other, specify …………… 36. What are the most significant challenges in implementing your TMDL program? a. Regulatory b. Technological c. Financial d. Institutional capability/capacity e. Inter-agency coordination 37. Are there any unique challenges to implementing your TMDL program in your geographical area/climate? 38. Are there any long-term adverse environmental or cultural impacts related to stormwater BMPs? 39. What are your most significant successes in implementing your TMDL program? Please describe. 40. What systemic changes do you feel are needed to ensure permanent reductions of pollutants originating from the right-of-way? (such as the following as suggestions to prompt answers ): a. Education and training of DOT designers and contractors b. Research and development on alternative BMPs (manufactured BMPs targeted for specific parameters) c. Watershed based approach d. Maintenance standards e. Other ….. 34. What are the roles and responsibilities of your partners for the offsite BMPs?

54 a. Within the state DOT? b. In state resource agencies? 43. Would you be willing to be contacted for further information about your agencies’ TMDL compliance program? Yes/No 44. Do you have a website or any reports with additional information that you would be willing to share? Glossary Consent decree Also referred to as a Consent Order, is a judicial decree expressing voluntary agreement between parties to a suit. Loading capacity The greatest amount of a pollutant that a receiving water body can assimilate and still meet water quality standards. Load or loading The total amount of pollutants entering a water body from one or multiple sources, measured as a rate, as in mass per unit time or per unit area. Load allocation (LA) The portion of the loading capacity attributed to (1) the existing or future nonpoint sources of pollution and (2) natural background sources. Wherever possible, nonpoint source loads and natural loads should be distinguished. Total maximum daily load (TMDL) The sum of the individual wasteload allocations (WLAs) for point sources, load allocations (LAs) for nonpoint sources and natural background, and a margin of safety (MOS). TMDLs can be expressed in terms of mass per time, toxicity, or other appropriate measures that relate to a state’s water quality standard. Wasteload allocation (WLA) The portion of a receiving water’s loading capacity that is allocated to one of its existing or future point sources of pollution (e.g., permitted waste treatment facilities). 41. What are your most significant future needs to develop an effective TMDL compliance program? 42. What other groups or agencies would be useful to contact for further information on this topic? Please provide a contact name, if possible.