Improving Our Understanding of How Highway Congestion and Pricing Affect Travel Demand (2012)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

176 Abdelghany, A. F., and H. S. Mahmassani. 2003. Temporal-Spatial Micro- assignment and Sequencing of Travel Demand with Activity-Trip Chains. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transporta- tion Research Board, No. 1831, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, pp. 89–97. Abou-Zeid, M., T. F. Rossi, and B. Gardner. 2006. Modeling Time-of- Day Choice in Context of Tour- and Activity-Based Models. Trans- portation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1981, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 42–49. Abrantes, P., and M. Wardman. 2011. Meta-analysis of UK values of travel time: An update. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol. 45, No. 1, Elsevier. Adler, T., Y. Dehghani, M. Doherty, J. Klodzinski, and W. Olsen. 2005. A Multi-Period Toll Mode Choice Model for Florida’s Turnpike Enterprise. Proc., 10th TRB Transportation Planning Applications Conference, Portland, Ore. Adler, T., W. Olsen, and Y. Dehghani. 2004. A Facility-Level Model of Peak Spreading. Presented at 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transpor- tation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Appiah, J. 2004. An Examination of Factors Affecting High Occupancy/ Toll Lane Demand. MS thesis. Texas A&M University, College Station. Ariely, D. 2010. Predictably Irrational, Revised and Expanded Edition: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions. Harper Collins. Arup. 2003. Frameworks for Modeling the Variability of Journey Times on the Highway Network. London. Asakura, Y. 1998. Reliability Measures of an Origin and Destination Pair in a Deteriorated Road Network with Variable Flows. In Transporta- tion Networks: Recent Methodological Advances (M. G. N. Bell, ed.), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 273–287. Axhausen, K., S. Hess, A. Konig, G. Abay, J. Bates, and M. Bierlaire. 2007. State-of-the-Art Estimates of Swiss Value of Travel Time Savings. Presented at 86th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Balke, K., P. Songchitruksa, N. Chaudhary, C.-L. Chu, S. Sunkari, P. Nelson, S. Kuchangi, V. Tyagi, and D. Swaroop. 2007. Development of a Prototype Dynamic Congestion and Incident Prediction System. Report No. FHWA/TX-07/0-4946-2. Texas Transportation Institute, College Station. Banks, J. 1991. Two-Capacity Phenomenon at Freeway Bottlenecks: A Basis for Ramp Metering? In Transportation Research Record 1320, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., pp. 83–90. Bates, J. 2000. Reliability: The Missing Model Variable. Presented at 9th International Conference on Travel Behavior, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, 2000. Bates, J., I. Black, J. Fearon, C. Gilliam, and S. Porter. 2002. Supply Models for Use in Modeling the Variability of Journey Times on the Highway Network. Proc., European Transport Conference, Association for European Transport, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Bates, J., J. Polak, P. Jones, and A. Cook. 2001. The Valuation of Reliability for Personal Travel. Transportation Research Part E, Vol. 37, No. 2–3, pp. 191–229. Batley, R. 2007. Marginal Valuations of Travel Time and Scheduling, and the Reliability Premium. Transportation Research Part E, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 387–408. Batley, R., and A. Daly. 2004. Departure Time Choice Under Uncertainty: A Model of Ransom Utility Maximization for Wagers. Presented at European Transport Conference, Strasbourg, France. Batley, R., S. Grant-Muller, J. Nellthorp, G. de Jong, D. Watling, J. Bates, S. Hess, and J. Polak. 2008. Multimodal Travel Time Variability: Final Report. Department for Transport, London. Bekhor, S., D. Christoph, and K. W. Axhausen. 2011. Integration of Activity-Based with Agent-Based Models: Case of Tel Aviv, Israel. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2255, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 38–47. Bell, M. G. H., and C. Cassir. 2000. Reliability of Transport Networks. Research Studies Press, Ltd., Baldock, United Kingdom. Ben-Akiva, M., and M. Abou-Zeid. 2007. Methodological Issues in Modeling Time-of-Travel Preferences. 11th World Conference on Transport Research, Berkeley, Calif. Black, I. G., and J. G. Towriss. 1993. Demand Effects of Travel Time Reli- ability. Centre for Logistics and Transportation, Cranfield Institute of Technology, Cranfield, United Kingdom. Bogers, E. A. I., H. W. C. van Lint, and H. J. van Zuylen. 2008. Reliability of Travel Time: Effective Measures from Behavioral Point of View. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2082, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 27–34. Borjesson, M., M. Fosgerau, and S. Algers. 2012. On the Income Elasticity of the Value of Travel Time. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol. 46, No. 2, Elsevier, pp. 368–377. Boxill, S. A., and L. Yu. 2000. An Evaluation of Traffic Simulation Models for Supporting ITS Development. Report No. SWUTC/00/167602-1. Center for Transportation Training and Research, Texas Southern University, Houston. References

177 Boyce, D., C. R. O’Neil, and W. Scherr. 2007. New Computational Results on Solving the Sequential Procedure with Feedback. Presented at 11th TRB National Planning Applications Conference, Daytona Beach, Fla. Boyles, S., S. Ukkusuri, S. T. Waller, and K. Kockelman. 2008. A Com- parison of Static and Dynamic Traffic Assignment Under Tolls in the Dallas-Fort Worth Region. Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2, No. 42, pp. 114–117. Boyles, S., S. V. Ukkusuri, S. T. Waller, and K. Kockelman. 2006a. Examining the Benefit of Accounting for Traffic Dynamics in Con- gestion Pricing Applications. Presented at 85th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Bradley, M. A., and H. F. Gunn. 1990. Stated Preference Analysis of Values of Travel Time in the Netherlands. Transportation Research Record No. 1285, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 78–88. Brennand, A. W. 2011. Incorporating Travel Time Reliability in the Estimation of Assignment Models. New Zealand Transport Agency Research Report 464. Wellington, New Zealand. Brilon, W., J. Geistefeldt, and M. Regler. 2005. Reliability of Freeway Traffic Flow: A Stochastic Concept of Capacity. In Transportation and Traffic Theory: Flow, Dynamics and Human Interaction (H. S. Mahmassani, ed.), Elsevier. Brownstone, D., A. Chosh, T. F. Golob, C. Kazimi, and D. Van Amelsfort. 2003. Drivers’ Willingness-to-Pay to Reduce Travel Time: Evidence from the San-Diego I-15 Congestion Pricing Project. Transportation Research Part A, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 373–388. Brownstone, D., and K. A. Small. 2005. Valuing Time and Reliability: Assessing the Evidence from Road Pricing Demonstrations. Trans- portation Research Part A, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 279–293. Burghout, W. 2004. Hybrid Microscopic–Mesoscopic Traffic Simulation. PhD dissertation. Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. Burris, M., and J. Appiah. 2004. An Examination of Houston’s QuickRide Participants by Frequency of QuickRide Usage. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1864, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 22–30. Burris, M., K. Konduru, and C. Swenson. 2004. Long-Run Changes in Driver Behavior Due to Variable Tolls. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1864, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 78–85. Burris, M. W., and R. M. Pendyala. 2002. Discrete Choice Models of Traveler Participation in Differential Time of Day Pricing Programs. Transport Policy, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 241–251. Cambridge Systematics, Inc., Mark Bradley Research and Consulting, ECO Northwest, and MORPACE International. 2007. PSRC 2006 Household Activity Survey Analysis Report. Puget Sound Regional Council and Washington State Department of Transportation, Olympia, WA. Cambridge Systematics, Inc., Dowling Associates, Inc., System Metrics Group, Inc., and Texas Transportation Institute. 2007. NCHRP Report 618: Cost-Effective Performance Measures for Travel Time Delay, Variation, and Reliability. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. Cambridge Systematics, Inc., and Texas Transportation Institute. 2005. Traffic Congestion and Reliability: Trends and Advanced Strategies for Congestion Mitigation: Final Report. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Cassidy, M., and R. Bertini. 1999. Some Traffic Features at Freeway Bottlenecks. Transportation Research Part B, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 25–42. Castiglione, J., B. Grady, M. Outwater, and S. Lawe. 2012. Sensitivity Testing and Assessment of an Integrated Regional Travel Demand and Traffic Microsimulation Model. Presented at 91st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Chan, K. S., and W. H. K. Lam. 2005. Impact of Road Pricing on the Network Reliability. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transporta- tion Studies, Vol. 6, pp. 2060–2075. Chang, G.-L., H. S. Mahmassani. 1988. Travel Time Prediction and Departure Time Adjustment Behavior Dynamics in a Congested Traffic System. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Vol. 22, No. 3, Elsevier, pp. 217–232. Chang, G.-L., H. S. Mahmassani, and R. Herman. 1985. A Macroparticle Traffic Simulation Model to Investigate Peak-Period Commuter Decision Dynamics. In Transportation Research Record 1005, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., pp. 107–120. Chen, A., Z. Ji, and W. Recker. 2003. Effect of Route Choice Models on Estimation of Travel Time Reliability Under Demand and Supply Variations. In Network Reliability of Transport (M. G. H. Bell and Y. Iida, eds.), Kyoto, Japan, pp. 93–118. Chen, A., H. Yang, H. K. Lo, and W. H. Tang. 1999. A Capacity-Related Reliability for Transportation Networks. Journal of Advanced Trans- portation, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 183–200. Chen, A., H. Yang, H. K. Lo, and W. H. Tang. 2002. Capacity Reli- ability for a Road Network: An Assessment Methodology and Numerical Results. Transportation Research Part B, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 225–252. Chen, K., L. Yu, J. Guo, and H. Wen. 2007. Characteristics Analysis of Road Network Reliability in Beijing Based on the Data Logs from Taxis. Presented at 86th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Chiao, K.-A., and P. Vovsha. 2006. Bringing Activity-Based Modeling Concept to Technical Maturity: NYMTC Model Experience. Presented at the TMIP Conference, Austin, TX. Chung, K., J. Rudjanakanoknad, and M. J. Cassidy. 2007. Relation Between Traffic Density and Capacity Drop at Three Freeway Bottle- necks. Transportation Research Part B, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 82–95. Cirillo, C., and K. W. Axhausen. 2006. Evidence on the Distribution of Values of Travel Time Savings from a Six-Week Travel Diary. Transportation Research Part A, Vol. 40, No. 5, pp. 444–457. Clark, S. D., and D. P. Watling. 2005. Modeling Network Travel Time Reliability Under Stochastic Demand. Transportation Research Part B, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 119–140. Cohan, H., and F. Southworth. 1999. On the Measurement and Valuation of Travel Time Variability Due to Incidents on Freeways. Journal of Transportation and Statistics, Vol. 2, Dec., pp. 123–131. Concas, S., and A. Kolpakov. 2009. Synthesis of Research on Value of Time and Value of Reliability. Report BD 549–37. Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee. Copley, G., P. Murphy, and D. Pearce. 2002. Understanding and Valuing Journey Time Variability. Presented at European Transport Con- ference, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Daganzo, C. F. 1999. A Behavioral Theory of Multi-Lane Traffic Flow, Part I: Long Homogeneous Freeway Sections. Institute of Transporta- tion Studies, University of California, Berkeley. Daganzo, C. F., and Y. Sheffi. 1977. On Stochastic Models of Traffic Assignment. Transportation Science, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 253–274. Dehghani, Y., T. Adler, T. Doherty, and R. Fox. 2003. Development of a New Toll Mode Choice Modeling System for Florida’s Turnpike Enterprise. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Trans- portation Research Board, No. 1858, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 9–17.

178 de Jong, G., M. Kouwenhoven, Y. Tseng, E. Verhoef, and J. Bates. 2007. The Value of Travel Time and Travel Time Reliability: Survey Design. Final report. Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works, and Water Management, Leiden, Netherlands. de Jong, G. C., E. Kroes, R. Plasmeijer, P. Sanders, and P. Warffemius. 2004. The Value of Reliability. Presented at European Transport Conference, Strasbourg, France. De Palma, A., and N. Picard. 2005. Route Choice Decision Under Travel Time Uncertainty. Transportation Research Part A, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 295–324. Dial, R. B. 1997. Bicriterion Traffic Assignment: Efficient Algorithms Plus Examples. Transportation Research Part B, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 357–379. Dong, J., and H. S. Mahmassani. 2009a. Flow Breakdown, Travel Reliability and Real-Time Information in Route Choice Behavior. In Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Transportation and Traffic Theory (W. Lam, S. C. Wong, and H. Lo, eds.), Springer, pp. 675–695. Dong, J., and H. S. Mahmassani. 2009b. Flow Breakdown and Travel Time Reliability. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2124, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 203–212. Du, Z. P., and A. Nicholson. 1997. Degradable Transportation Systems: Sensitivity and Reliability Analysis. Transportation Research Part B, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 225–237. Elefteriadou, L., and X. Cui. 2007. Travel Time Reliability and Truck Level of Service on the Strategic Intermodal System Part A: Travel Time Reliability. Presented at 86th Annual Meeting of the Transporta- tion Research Board, Washington, D.C. Elefteriadou, L., R. P. Roess, and W. R. McShane. 1995. Probabilistic Nature of Breakdown at Freeway Merge Junctions. In Transportation Research Record 1484, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., pp. 80–89. Eliasson, J. 2004. Car Drivers’ Valuation of Travel Time Variability, Unexpected Delays and Queue Driving. Presented at European Transport Conference, Strasbourg, France. Emmerink, R. H. M., K. W. Axhausen, P. Nijkamp, and P. Rietveld. 2005. The Potential of Information Provision in a Simulated Road Network with Non-Recurrent Congestion. Transportation Research C, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 293–309. Engelson, L. 2011. Properties of Expected Travel Cost Function with Uncertain Travel Time. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2254, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 151–159. Erhardt, G. D., F. S. Koppelman, J. Freedman, W. A. Davidson, and A. Mullins. 2003. Modeling the Choice to Use Toll and HOV Facilities. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1854, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 135–143. Evans, J. L., L. Elefteriadou, and N. Gautam. 2001. Probability of Break- down at Freeway Merges Using Markov Chains. Transportation Research Part B, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 237–254. Florida DOT. 2000. Florida Reliability Method in Florida’s Mobility Performance Measures Program. Office of the State Transportation Planner, Transportation Statistics Office, Tallahassee. Fosgrau, M. 2007. The Value of Reliability and the Distribution of Random Durations. Proc., European Transport Conference, Leiden, Netherlands. Fowkes, A. S., P. E. Firmin, A. E. Whiteing, and G. Tweddle. 2001. Freight Road User Valuations of Three Different Aspects of Delay. Proc., European Transport Conference, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Gibb, J., and J. L. Bowman. 2007. Convergence of an Activity-Based Travel Model System to Equilibrium: Experimental Designs and Findings. Presented at 11th TRB National Planning Applications Conference, Daytona Beach, Fla. Golob, J. M., and T. F. Golob. 2001. Studying Road Pricing Policy with Panel Data Analysis: The San Diego I-15 HOT Lanes. In Travel Behavior Research: The Leading Edge, Pergamon, Oxford, United Kingdom, pp. 869–883. Golob, T. F. 2001. Joint Models of Attitude and Behavior in the Evaluation of the San Diego I-15 Pricing Project. Transportation Research Part A, Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 495–514. Golob, T. F., R. Kitamura, and J. Supernak. 1997. A Panel-Based Evalu- ation of the San Diego I-15 Carpool Lanes Project. In Panels for Transportation Planning: Methods and Applications (T. F. Golob, R. Kitamura, and L. Long, eds.), Boston, Mass., Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 97–128. Gordon, A., T. Van Vuren, D. P. Watling, J. Polak, R. B. Noland, S. Porter, and N. Taylor. 2001. Incorporating Variable Traffic Time Effects into Route Choice Models. Proc., PTRC European Transport Conference (Methodological Innovations), PTRC Education & Research Services Ltd., London. Hacura, A., M. Jadamus-Hacura, and A. Kocot. 2001. Risk Analysis in Investment Appraisal Based on the Monte Carlo Simulation Technique. European Physical Journal B, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 551–553. Hagen, L., H. Zhou, and F. Pirinccioglu. 2006. Development of Revised Methodology for Collecting Origin-Destination Data. Technical report. Center for Urban Transportation Research, University of South Florida, Tampa. Hamdar, S. H. 2009. Modeling Driver Behavior As a Stochastic Hazard- Based Risk-Taking Process. PhD dissertation. Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill. Hamdar, S. H., and H. S. Mahmassani. 2008. From Existing Accident- Free Car-Following Models to Colliding Vehicles: Exploration and Assessment. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Trans- portation Research Board, No. 2088, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 45–56. Hamdar, S. H., M. Treiber, H. S. Mahmassani, and A. Kesting. 2008. Modeling Driver Behavior As a Sequential Risk-Taking Task. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2088, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 208–217. Hensher, D. 2007. Joint Estimation of Process and Outcome in Choice Experiments Involving Attribute Framing. Working paper ITLS- WP-07-04. Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies, University of Sydney, Australia. Hensher, D. A., and P. Goodwin. 2003 Using Values of Travel Time Savings for Toll Roads: Avoiding Some Common Errors. Transport Policy, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 171–181. Hensher, D., and W. H. Greene. 2000. The Mixed Logit Model: The State of Practice. Transportation, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 133–176. Hess, S., M. Bierlaire, and J. Polak. 2005. Estimation of Value of Time Using Mixed Logit Models. Transportation Research Part A, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 221–236. Hess, S., Polak, J. W., A. Daly, and G. Hyman. 2007. Flexible Substitution Patterns in Models of Mode and Time of Day Choice: New Evidence from the UK and the Netherlands. Transportation, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 213–238. Highway Capacity Manual. 2000. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Holguín-Veras, J., K. Ozbay, and A. L. C. de Cerreño. 2005. Evaluation Study of Port Authority of New York and New Jersey’s Time of Day

179 Pricing Initiative. Final report. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation; New Jersey Department of Transportation; and Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Hollander, Y. 2006. Direct versus Indirect Models for the Effect of Unreliability. Transportation Research Part A, Vol. 40, No. 9, pp. 699–711. Jackson, W. B., and J. V. Jucker. 1982. An Empirical Study of Travel Time Variability and Travel Choice Behavior. Transportation Science, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 460–475. Jayakrishnan, R., H. S. Mahmassani, and T.-Y. Hu. 1994. An Evaluation Tool for Advanced Traffic Information and Management Systems in Urban Networks. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Tech- nologies, Vol. 2, No. 3, Elsevier, pp. 129–147. Jones, E. G. 1988. Characterizing Travel Time Variability in a Commuting Corridor. MS thesis. University of Texas at Austin. Kaparias, I., M. G. H. Bell, and H. Belzner. 2008. A New Measure of Travel Time Reliability for In-Vehicle Navigation Systems. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 202–211. Kerner, B. S. 2000. Theory of Breakdown Phenomenon at Highway Bottlenecks. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1710, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., pp. 136–144. Kerner, B. S. 2004. The Physics of Traffic. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany. Kim, H., J.-S. Oh, and R. Jayakrishnan. 2006. Activity Chaining Model Incorporating Time Use Problem and Its Application to Network Demand Analysis. Presented at 85th Annual Meeting of the Trans- portation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Kitamura, R., and J. Suparnak. 1997. Temporal Utility Profiles of Activ- ities and Travel: Some Empirical Evidence. In Understanding Travel Behavior in an Era of Change (P. Stopher and M. Lee-Gosselin, eds.), Elsevier, pp. 339–350. Kouwenhoven, M., A. Schoemakers, R. van Grol, and E. Kroes. 2005. Development of a Tool to Assess the Reliability of Dutch Road Networks. Presented at European Transport Conference, Strasbourg, France. Kulkarni, V. G. 1995. Modeling and Analysis of Stochastic Systems. Chapman & Hall, London. Lam, T. 2004. Evaluating Value-Pricing Projects with Both Scheduling and Route Choices. Regional Science and Urban Economics, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 225–240. Lam, T. C., and K. A. Small. 2001. The Value of Time and Reliability: Measurement from a Value Pricing Experiment. Transportation Research Part E, Vol. 37, No. 2–3, pp. 231–251. Lam, W., and Y. Yin. 2001. An Activity-Based Time-Dependent Traffic Assignment Model. Transportation Research Part B, Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 549–574. Leurent, F. 1993. Cost Versus Time Equilibrium Over a Network. European Journal of Operations Research, Vol. 71, pp. 205–221. Levinson, D., K. Harder, J. Bloomfield, and K. Winiarczyk. 2004. Weighting Waiting: Evaluating Perception of In-Vehicle Travel Time Under Moving and Stopped Conditions. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1898, Transporta- tion Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 61–68. Li, R., G. Rose, and M. Sarvi. 2006. Using Automatic Vehicle Identifica- tion Data to Gain Insight into Travel Time Variability and Its Causes. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1945, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 24–32. Li, Z., D. A. Hensher, and J. M. Rose. 2010. Willingness to Pay for Travel Time Reliability in Passenger Transport: A Review and Some New Empirical Evidence. Transportation Research Part E, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 384–403. Liu, X., and J. W. Polak. 2007. Nonlinearity and Specification of Attitudes Toward Risk in Discrete Choice Models. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2014, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 27–31. Lomax, T., D. Schrank, S. Turner, and R. Margiotta. 2003. Selecting Travel Reliability Measures. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Lu, C.-C., and H. S. Mahmassani. 2007. Heterogeneous Users and Variable Road Pricing: Model and Algorithm for the Bi-Criterion Dynamic User Equilibrium Problem on Large Networks. Presented at 6th Triennial Symposium on Transportation Analysis (TRISTAN VI), Phuket Island, Thailand. Lu, C.-C., H. S. Mahmassani, and X. Zhou. 2006. Variable Toll Pricing and Heterogeneous Users: Model and Solution Algorithm for Bicriterion Dynamic Traffic Assignment Problem. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1964, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 19–26. Lu, C.-C., H. S. Mahmassani, X. Zhou. 2007. A Bi-criterion Dynamic User Equilibrium Traffic Assignment Model and Solution Algorithm for Evaluating Dynamic Road Pricing Strategies. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol. 16, No. 4, Elsevier, pp. 371–389. Lu, C.-C., H. S. Mahmassani, X. Zhou. 2009. Equivalent Gap Function- based Reformulation and Solution Algorithm for the Dynamic User Equilibrium Problem. Transportation Research Part B: Methological, Vol. 43, No. 3, Elsevier, pp. 345–364. Lyman, K., and R. L. Bertini. 2008. Using Travel Time Reliability Measures to Improve Regional Transportation Planning and Operations. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2046, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 1–10. Mahmassani, H. S. 2001. Dynamic Network Traffic Assignment and Simulation Methodology for Advanced Systems Management Appli- cations. Networks and Spatial Economics, Vol. 1, pp. 267–292. Mahmassani, H. S., and R. Herman. 1987. Interaction of Trip Decisions and Traffic Systems Dynamics. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 304–317. Mahmassani, H. S., G.-L. Chang, and R. Herman. 1986. Individual Decisions and Collective Effects in a Simulated Traffic System. Transportation Science, Vol. 20, No. 4, Elsevier, pp. 258–271. Mahmassani, H. S., E. Jones, R. Herman, and C. M. Walton. 1989. Travel Time Variability in a Commuting Corridor: Implications for Electronic Route Guidance. Proc., 1st International Conference on Application of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, San Diego, Calif. Mahmassani, H. S., and C. Tong. 1986. Availability of Information and Dynamics of Departure Time Choice: Experimental Investigation. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board No. 1085, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 33–49. Mahmassani, H. S., X. Zhou, and C. Lu. 2005. Toll Pricing and Hetero- geneous Users: Approximation Algorithms for Finding Bi-Criterion Time-Dependent Efficient Paths in Large-Scale Traffic Networks. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1923, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 28–36. Marcotte, P. 1999. Reformulations of a Bi-Criterion Equilibrium Model. In Reformulation: Nonsmooth, Piecewise Smooth, Semismooth and

180 Smoothing Methods (M. Fukushima and L. Qi, eds.), Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 269–292. Marcotte, P., and D. L. Zhu. 1997. Equilibria with Infinitely Many Dif- ferential Classes of Customers. In Complementarity and Variational Problems: State of the Art. Proceedings of the 13th International Confer- ence on Complementarity Problems (J.-S. Pang and M. Ferris, eds.), SIAM, Philadelphia, Pa., pp. 234–258. Martin, W. A., and N. A. McGuckin. 1998. NCHRP Report 365: Travel Estimation Techniques for Urban Planning. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Mastako, K. A. 2003. Choice Set As an Indicator for Choice Behavior When Lanes Are Managed with Value Pricing. PhD dissertation. Texas A & M University, College Station. McCormick Rankin Corp., and Parsons Brinckerhoff. 2008. TRANS Model Redevelopment: City of Ottawa. Technical report. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. McNeill, D. R. 1968. A Solution to the Fixed-Cycle Traffic Light Problem for Compound Poisson Arrivals. Journal of Applied Probability, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 624–635. Michea, A., and J. W. Polak. 2006. Modeling Risky Choice Behavior: Evaluating Alternatives to Expected Utility Theory. Presented at 11th International Conference on Travel Behavior Research, Kyoto, Japan. Mirchandani, P., and H. Soroush. 1987. Generalized Traffic Equilibrium with Probabilistic Travel Times and Perceptions. Transportation Science, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 133–152. National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). 2009. Improved Framework and Tools for Highway Pricing Decisions. NCHRP 08-57. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Wash- ington, D.C. Noland, R. B., and J. W. Polak. 2002. Travel Time Variability: A Review of Theoretical and Empirical Issues. Transport Reviews, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 39–54. Noland, R. B., and K. A. Small. 1995. Travel Time Uncertainty, Departure Time Choice and the Cost of the Morning Commute. Working paper UCI-ITS-WP-95-1. Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Irvine. Noland, R. B., K. A. Small, P. M. Koskenoja, and X. Chu. 1998. Simulating Travel Reliability. Regional Science & Urban Economics, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 535–564. Palmquist, R., D. Phaneuf, and K. Smith. 2007. Measuring the Values for Time. NBER Working Paper No. 13594, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass. Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Inc., PB Consult, Inc., AECOM Consult, Urbitran Associates, Inc., Urbanomics, Alex Anas and Associates, NuStats International, and George Hoyt and Associates, Inc. 2005. Transportation Models and Data Initiative: General Report: New York Best Practice Model (NYBPM). New York Metropolitan Transportation Council. U.S. Department of Transportation. Payne, H. J. 1984. Discontinuity in Equilibrium Freeway Traffic Flow. In Transportation Research Record 971, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., pp. 140–146. PB Consult, Inc. 2003. Travel Demand Model Development for Traffic and Revenue Studies for Public-Private Partnership Highway Projects in the Montreal Region. Ministry of Transportation of Québec, Québec, Canada. PB Consult, Inc. 2005. MORPC Travel Demand Model: Validation and Final Report. Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission, Columbus. Persaud, B., S. Yagar, and R. Brownlee. 1998. Exploration of the Breakdown Phenomenon in Freeway Traffic. Transportation Research Record 1634, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., pp. 64–69. Polak, J. W., S. Hess, and X. Liu. 2008. Characterizing Heterogeneity in Attitudes to Risk in Expected Utility Models of Mode and Departure Time Choice. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Popuri, Y., M. E. Ben-Akiva, K. Proussalogou. 2008. Time-of-Day Modeling in a Tour-Based Context: Tel Aviv Experience. Transporta- tion Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2076, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 88–96. Puget Sound Regional Council. 2008. Traffic Choices Study: Summary Report. FHWA, U.S. Department of Transportation. www.psrc.org/ assets/37/summaryreport.pdf. Accessed March 11, 2013. Rakha, H., I. El-Shawarby, M. Arafeh, and F. Dion. 2006. Estimating Path Travel Time Reliability. In ITSC 2006: 9th International IEEE Confer- ence on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, pp. 236–241. Rakha, H., and Z. Wang. 2005. Estimating Traffic Stream Space Mean Speed and Reliability from Dual- and Single-Loop Detectors. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1925, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 28–47. Recker, W., Y. S. Chung, J. Y. Park, L. Wang, A. Chen, Z. Ji, H. Liu, M. Horrocks, and J. S. Oh. 2005. Considering Risk-Taking Behavior in Travel Time Reliability. California Partners for Advanced Transit and Highway (PATH) research report. Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkley. Redmond, L., and P. Mokhtarian. 2001. The Positive Utility of the Commute: Modeling Ideal Commute Time and Relative Desired Commute Amount, Transportation, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 179–205. Ritsema van Eck, J., D. Snellen, and H. Hilbers. 2004. Travel Time Reliability: Methodology and Some Results for the Netherlands. Presented at World Conference on Transportation Research, Istanbul, Turkey. Sbayti, H., C. C. Lu, H. S. Mahmassani. 2007. Efficient Implementation of Method of Successive Averages in Simulation-Based Dynamic Traffic Assignments Models for Large-Scale Network Applications. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2029, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 22–30. Schönhof, M., and D. Helbing, D. 2007. Empirical Features of Congested Traffic States and Their Implications for Traffic Modeling. Transporta- tion Science, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 135–166. Senna, L. A. D. S. 1991. Risk of Delays, Uncertainty, and Travelers’ Valuation of Travel Time Variability. Proc., 19th PTRC Summer Annual Meeting, Brighton, United Kingdom. Sillano, M., and J. Dios de Ortúzar. 2005. Willingness-to-Pay Estimation with Mixed Logit Models: Some New Evidence. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 525–550. Slavin, H., J. Brandon, and A. Rabinowicz. 2007. Empirical Comparison of Alternative Equilibrium Assignment Methods. Presented at 11th TRB National Planning Applications Conference, Daytona Beach, Fla. Small, K. A. 1982. The Scheduling of Consumer Activities: Work Trips. American Economic Review, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 467–479. Small, K. A. 1999. Project Evaluation. In Essays in Transportation Eco- nomics and Policy: A Handbook in Honor of John Meyer (J. A. Gomez- Ibanez, W. B. Tye, and C. Winston, eds.), Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C., pp. 137–177. Small, K. A., R. Noland, X. Chu, and D. Lewis. 1999. NCHRP Report 431: Valuation of Travel-Time Savings and Predictability in Congested Conditions for Highway User-Cost Estimation. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.

181 Small, K. A., and H. S. Rosen. 1981. Applied Welfare Economics with Discrete Choice Models. Econometrica, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 105–130. Small, K. A., and E. T. Verhoef. 2007. Economics of Urban Transportation. Routledge, London and New York. Small, K. A., C. Winston, and J. Yan. 2005. Uncovering the Distribution of Motorists’ Preferences for Travel Time and Reliability. Econometrica, Vol. 73, No. 4, pp. 1367–1382. Small, K. A., C. Winston, and J. Yan. 2006. Differentiated Road Pricing, Express Lanes, and Carpools: Exploiting Heterogeneous Preferences in Policy Design. Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs, Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. Sohn, K., and D. Kim. 2009. Statistical Model for Forecasting Link Travel Time Variability. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol. 135, No. 7, pp. 440–453. Songchitruksa, P., and K. Balke. 2006. Assessing Weather, Environment, and Loop Data for Real-Time Freeway Incident Prediction. In Trans- portation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1959, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 105–113. Sorensen, P. A., and B. D. Taylor. 2006. Innovations in Road Finance: Examining the Growth in Electronic Tolling. Public Works Manage- ment & Policy, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 110–125. Spear, B. D. 2005. A Summary of the Current State of the Practice in Modeling Road Pricing. Presented at Expert Forum on Road Pricing and Travel Demand Modeling, U.S. Department of Transportation, Alexandria, Va. Stefan, K., J. McMillan, C. Blaschuk, and J. Hunt J. 2007. Estimation of a Weekend Location Choice Model for Calgary. Presented at 11th Transportation Planning Application Conference, TRB, Daytona Beach, Fla. Stephan, D. G., and H. S. Mahmassani. 1988. Experimental Investigation of Route and Departure Time Choice Dynamics of Urban Com- muters. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transporta- tion Research Record No. 1203. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 64–84. Steimetz, S. C., and D. Brownstone. 2005. Estimating Commuters’ “Value of Time” with Noisy Data: A Multiple Imputation Approach. Transportation Research Part B, Vol. 39, No. 10, pp. 865–889. Stockton, W., R. Benz, L. Rilett, D. Skowronek, S. Vadali, and G. Daniels. 2000. Investigation of General Feasibility of High Occupancy/Toll Lanes in Texas. TTI Report 4915-1. Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station. Stockton, W., P. Hughes, M. Hickman, D. Pucket, Q. Brown, A. Miranda, and S. Woong. 2000. An Evaluation of the Katy Freeway HOV Lane Pricing Project. TTI Report E 205001. Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station. Sullivan, E. C. 2000. Continuation Study to Evaluate the Impacts of the SR 91 Value-Priced Express Lanes. Final report. California Department of Transportation, Sacramento. Sullivan, E. C. 2002. State Route 91 Value-Priced Express Lanes: Updated Observations. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Trans- portation Research Board, No. 1812, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 37–42. Sumalee, A., and D. Watling. 2008. Partition-Based Algorithm for Estimat- ing Transportation Network Reliability with Dependent Link Failures. Journal of Advanced Transportation, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 213–238. Supernak, J. 1992. Temporal Utility Profiles of Activities and Travel: Uncertainty and Decision Making. Transportation Research Part B, Vol. 26, Vol. 1, pp. 549–574. Tilahun, N. Y., and D. M. Levinson. 2007. Value of Time Comparisons in the Presence of Unexpected Delay. Presented at 3rd International Conference on Transport Network Reliability, Delft, Netherlands. Tilahun, N. Y., and D. M. Levinson. 2010. A Moment of Time: Reliability in Route Choice Using Stated Preference. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 179–187. Tillman, R., J. Smolley, K. Massarelli, A. Goldberg, A. Pratt, and P. Eshelman. 2006. Long-Term Projection of Traffic and Revenues for Equity Analysis. Tollways: Focus on Finance, Autumn, Interna- tional Bridge, Tunnel, and Turnpike Association. Train, K., and G. Sonnier. 2004. Mixed Logit with Bounded Distributions of Correlated Partworths. In Applications of Simulation Methods in Environmental and Resource Economics (R. Scarpa and A. Alberini, eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Mass. Tseng, Y. Y., B. Ubbels, and E. Verhoef. 2005. Value of Time, Schedule Delay and Reliability: Estimation Results of a Stated Choice Experi- ment Among Dutch Commuters Facing Congestion. European Regional Science Association (ERSA) Conference. Tseng, Y., and E. T. Verhoef. 2008. Value of Time by Time of Day: A Stated Preference Study. Transportation Research Part B, Vol. 42, No. 7–8, pp. 607–618. Tseng, Y., E. T. Verhoef, and A. I. J. M. van der Hoorn. 2007. A Pilot Study into the Perception of Unreliability of Travel Time Using In-Depth Interviews. Presented at European Transport Conference, Noordwijk, Netherlands. Tu, H., H. van Lint, and H. van Zuylen. 2005. Real-Time Modeling Travel Time Reliability on Freeway. Presented at 10th Euro Working Group Transportation Meeting and 16-Mini-Euro Conference, Poznan, Poland. Uchida, T., and Y. Iida. 1993. Risk Assignment: A New Traffic Assignment Model Considering Risk of Travel Time Variation. In Proc., 12th Inter- national Symposium on Transportation and Traffic Theory, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 89–105. van den Broek, M. S., J. S. H. van Leeuwaarden, I. J. B. F. Adan, and O. J. Boxma. 2004. Bounds and Approximations for the Fixed-Cycle Traffic-Light Queue. SPOR Report, Series 18. van Lint, J. W., and H. J. van Zuylen. 2005. Monitoring and Predicting Freeway Travel Time Reliability Using Width and Skew of Day-to- Day Travel Time Distribution. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1917, Transporta- tion Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 54–62. van Lint, J. W., H. J. van Zuylen, and H. Tu. 2008. Travel Time Unreliability on Freeways: Why Measures Based on Variance Tell Only Half of the Story. Transportation Research Part A, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 258–277. Verhoef, E. T. 2007. Second-Best Road Pricing Through Highway Fran- chising. Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 337–361. Verhoef, E. T., and K. A. Small. 2004. Product Differentiation on Roads: Constrained Congestion Pricing with Heterogeneous Users. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 127–156. Vollmer Associates. 2001. Northwest Parkway Traffic and Revenue Study. Northwest Parkway Public Highway Authority, Denver, Colo. Vovsha, P., and M. Bradley. 2004. Hybrid Discrete Choice Departure-Time and Duration Model for Scheduling Travel Tours. In Transporta- tion Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1894, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 46–56. Vovsha, P., M. Bradley, and J. Bowman. 2005. Activity-Based Travel Forecasting Models in the United States: Progress Since 1995 and Prospects for the Future. In Progress in Activity-Based Analysis (H. Timmermans, ed.), Elsevier, pp. 389–414. Vovsha, P., W. Davidson, and R. Donnelly. 2005. Making the State of the Art the State of the Practice: Advanced Modeling Techniques for Road Pricing. Presented at Expert Forum on Road Pricing and

182 Travel Demand Modeling, U.S. Department of Transportation, Alexandria, Va. Vovsha, P., R. Donnelly, and K. Chiao. 2008. Activity-Based Model for the Mega-Region of New York. Traffic Engineering and Control. Vol. 49, No. 9, pp. 336–340. Vovsha, P., R. Donnelly, and S. Gupta. 2008. Network Equilibrium with Activity-Based Microsimulation Models: The New York Experience. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2054, Washington, D.C., pp. 102–109. Vovsha, P., S. Gupta, J. Freedman, W. Sun, and V. Livshits. 2012. Work- place Choice Model: Comparison of Spatial Patterns of Commuting in Four Metropolitan Regions. Presented at 91st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Vovsha, P., and E. Petersen. 2005. Escorting Children to School: Statistical Analysis and Applied Modeling Approach. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1921, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 131–140. Vovsha, P., E. Petersen, and R. M. Donnelly. 2003. Explicit Modeling of Joint Travel by Household Members: Statistical Evidence and Applied Approach. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1831, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 1–10. Vovsha, P., E. Petersen, R. M. Donnelly. 2002. Micro-Simulation in Travel Demand Modeling: Lessons Learned from the New York Best Prac- tice Model. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transporta- tion Research Board, No. 1805, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 68–77. Wardman, M. 1998. The Value of Travel Time: A Review of British Evidence. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 285–316. Wardman, M., J. N. Ibanez, and J. Pagan. 2009. Variations in Motorists’ Valuations of Travel Time with Traffic Conditions. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Wash- ington, D.C. Warffemius, P. 2005. Using the Standard Deviation of the Travel Time Distribution as an Indicator for Valuing the Reliability of Travel Time. Presented at European Conference of Transport Research Institutes, The Hague, Netherlands. Watling, D., A. Sumalee, R. Connors, and C. Balijepalli. 2004. Advancing Methods for Evaluating Network Reliability. Final report. Department for Transport New Horizons Study, United Kingdom. Watling, D. P. 2006. User Equilibrium Traffic Network Assignment with Stochastic Travel Times and Late Arrival Penalty. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 175, No. 3, pp. 1539–1556. Yan, J., and K. A. Small. 2002. Choice Models of Route, Occupancy, and Time of Day with Value-Priced Tolls. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1812, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 69–77. Yang, H., W. H. Tang, W. M. Cheung, and Q. Meng. 2002. Profitability and Welfare Gain of Private Toll Roads in a Network with Hetero- geneous Users. Transportation Research Part A, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2002, pp. 537–554. Yin, Y., and H. Ieda. 2001. Assessing Performance Reliability of Road Networks Under Recurrent Congestion. Presented at 80th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Yin, Y., W. H. K. Lam, and H. Ieda. 2002. Modeling Risk-Taking Behavior in Queuing Networks with Advanced Traveler Information Systems. In Transportation and Traffic Theory in the 21st Century (M.A.P. Tailor, ed.), Elsevier, Oxford, pp. 309–328. Zhang, K., H. S. Mahmassani, and C.-C. Lu. 2008. Probit-based Time- dependent Stochastic User Equilibrium Traffic Assignment Model. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2085, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., pp. 86–94. Zhang, N., and W. H. K. Lam. 2001. An Alternative to the Road Network Reliability by Travel Demand Satisfaction Ratio. In Proc., 4th Inter- national Conference on Management, Xian Jiaotong University, China, pp. 47–53. Zhou, X., H. S. Mahmassani, and K. Zhang. 2008. Dynamic Micro- Assignment Modeling Approach for Integrated Multimodal Urban Corridor Management. Transportation Research Part C, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 167–186.